• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.872-877
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• 2005

The train entry into a tunnel generates a strong compression wave in the tunnel. The high amplitude of compression wave causes high pressure gradients that are responsible for both the aural discomfort of passengers and the impulsive acoustical wave called the miro-pressure wave. This paper provides a numerical study on effects of hood for micro'-'pressure wave reduction. An axisymmetric numerical solver, considering the cross sectional area of Korean Tilting Train eXpress, is used for a transient flow field in the tunnel. Results show that the micro-pressure wave is able to be reduced by a hood. In this results, the maximum reduction of micro--pressure wave is shown at 2L(length), 1.35D(diameter) hood around $56\%$ against the non-hood case.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.8 no.6 s.31
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• pp.513-519
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• 2005

The Korean Tilting Train eXpress may produced a strong micro-pressure wave in tunnel exit because of large train/tunnel area ration of conventional railways. This micro-pressure wave causes an impulsive noise which is a serious environmental noise pollution near tunnel exit. Tunnel hood can be the method of reducing the micro-pressure wave in tunnel exit. Therefore, parametric studies for tunnel hood are performed with respect to the hood length and size to investigate the effects of the tunnel hood. Also, axi-symmetric unsteady compressible flow solver was used to analyze train-tunnel relative motion. According to the result of numerical analysis, the maximum micro-pressure wave in tunnel exit is reduced by 56% throughout the hood establishment on conventional railways.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.234-242
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• 1999

Flow phenomena such as the pressure transients Inside a high-speed railway tunnel and the Impulsive waves at the exit of the tunnel are closely associated with the characteristics of the entry compression wave, which is generated by a train entering the tunnel. Tunnel entrance hood may be an effective means for alleviating the Impulsive waves and pressure transients. The objective of the current work is to explore the effects of the train nose shape and the entrance hood on the characteristics of the entry compression wave. Numerical calculations using the method of characteristics were applied to one-dimensional, unsteady, compressible flow field with respect to high-speed railway/tunnel systems. Two types of the entrance hoods and various train nose shapes were employed to reveal their influences on the entry compression wave for a wide range of train speeds. The results showed that the entry compression wave length increases as the train nose becomes longer and the train speed becomes lower. The entry compression wave length in the tunnel with hood becomes longer than that of no hood. Maximum pressure gradient in the compression wavefront reduces by the entrance hood. The results of the current work provide useful data for the design of tunnel entrance hood.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 1980

Previously, we had experimented on the model of stow net under the various combination including water velocity, spherical floats and elevating floats with the shearing hoods instead of the upper beam, however we couldn't concern with their characteristics. Spherical floats maintain their buoyancy at the same level when the speed increases, only the drag increases and effects some reduction in the fishing height. To eliminate this shortcoming, floats have to some hydrodynamic lifting force which increases with increasing speed. Phillips float with a dish-shaped metal plate welded on at the lower part and synthetic upthrusting float were used for the experiment to compare with their characteristics. Six kinds of model shearing hood depend on the angle of attack were used to test the characteristic of the shearing hood. According to their results, when the angle of attack is 30\ulcorner, the lift and drag coefficient reveal 1. 36, 0.84 respectively. And also experimented on the 5X8cm shearing hood to investigate the suitability for the model stow net.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.58-68
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• 1999

The entry compression wave, which forms at the entrance of a high-speed railway tunnel, is closely related to the pressure transients in the train/tunnel systems as well as an impulsive noise appearing at the exit of the tunnel. In order to alleviate such undesirable phenomena, some control strategies have been applied to the compression wave propagating inside the tunnel. The objective of the current work is to investigate the effect of tunnel entrance hoods on the entry compression wave at the vicinity of the tunnel entrance. Three types of entrance hoods were tested by the numerical method using the characteristics of method for a wide range of train speeds. The results show that the maximum pressure gradient of compression wave can be considerably reduced by the tunnel entrance hood. Optimum hood shape necessary to reduce the pressure transients and impulsive noise was found to be of an abrupt type hood with its cross-sectional area 2.5 times the tunnel area. It is believed that the current results are highly useful in predicting the effects of entrance hoods and in choosing the shape of proper hood.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.8 no.2 s.29
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• pp.9-15
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• 2005

This paper presents an experimental and numerical study on the overall performance and local flow characteristics of sirocco fan in a range hood. Measurement of overall performance for sirocco fans were conducted based on AMCA standard 210. The effects of flow blockages due to the motor inside the fan on the fan performance were investigated by experimentally and numerically and the results were compared with each other. The numerical and experimental results show the inlet flow blockage reduces the performance (ie. fan static pressure, design flow rate, maximum efficiency and free delivery flow rate) of fan. It is found that the blockage makes the flow field highly non-uniform through the blade and cause the efficiency decrement.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.12a
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• pp.572-577
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• 2004

This paper presents numerical study on the performance improvement of the sirocco fan in a range hood. The performance of sirocco fan means a higher flowrate, a higher static pressure and a lower required motor power in a fixed geometry constraint. Various impeller geometric parameters, such as blade profile, blade diameter, blade thickness profile and blade exit angle, were investigated by numerically and the results were compared with each other to know the effects on the performance. In this approach, the volute geometry were fixed with the original shape. The numerical results show that the blade profile with airfoil shape and small exit blade thickness increases the performance. The blade exit angle shows optimum angle within a varied range. The efficiency of the optimized exit angle was about $10\%$ higher than the base blade exit angle and the static pressure was about $28\%$ higher at the flow coefficient 0.22.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2009.05b
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• pp.483-488
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• 2009

When a train enters into the tunnel with high speed, a compression wave generated inside the tunnel has been studied as a one-dimensional phenomenon. However, one-dimensional approach can't analyze 3-dimensional flow effect in the vicinity of the train body. In this research, so as to overcome this weak point, a prediction method of the wavefront of a compression wave using steady state solution has been used for the parametric study considering 3-dimensional effects of the interactions between trains and tunnels. The effective hood shapes were deduced in both cases of the train's entry into the tunnel on the single track and on a side of the double track. As a result, in case of the train's entry on a side of the double track, the increase of compression wave value propagated to the tunnel inside have appeared compared with the train's entry on the single track. Also, a horizontally convex elliptic hood shape is more effective at the train's entry on a side of the double track for the purpose of a decrease of wavefront gradient of a compression wave.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.71-77
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• 2011

Pork belly meat and mackerel are popular meals in Korea. Although a lot of people enjoy cooking these food, there have been some reports that generated organic particles during cooking could be thereas on of lung cancer of nonsmoking housewives. In addition, some experiments show that carcinogens may be included in meat and fishes which we eat usually. For this reason, particle size and concentration in formation during cooking are necessary to figure out the relationship between particles and the diseases. Thus, we identify number concentrations and size distributions of generated nano aerosol in cooking with respect to time, hood operation, and distance between cooking and measurement locations. The maximum concentrations of nano aerosol(diameter sizes are between 10 to 700nm)are decreased after the cooking from $8{\times}10^6{\sharp}/cm^3$ to zeroth order in pork belly meat cooking, and from $3.5{\times}{\times}10^6{\sharp}/cm^3$ to zeroth order in mackerel cooking respectively. When it comes to hood operation during cooking, the detected concentrations of generated aerosols are decreased as in taking flow rate of the hood increases. In cooking pork belly meat, the reduced amount of concentration is about $3{\times}10^6{\sharp}/cm^3$ compared to no hood operation, when hood in taking flow rate is $610m^3/hr$ In mackerel cooking, reduced concentration is $6{\times}10^5{\sharp}/cm^3$ in the same condition. Also, Naphthalene and Fluorene, which are known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are detected in the generated aerosols during cooking.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.91-100
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• 2001

A sectional FEA program is developed lot analyzing forming processes of sandwich sheets, which are intensively used recently as a lightweight material of an automobile body. The aluminum sandwich sheet consists of two aluminum skins and a polyprophylen core in between. The aluminum sandwich sheet is dominantly effected by the bending effects in small radius of curvature, so that an appropriate description of bending effects is required to analyze the forming processes. For the evaluation of bending effects, the bending equivalent forces are calculated from the bending moment computed using the curvature of the tool and are added to the membrane stretch forces. To verify the validity of the developed program the sectional FEA results in stretch/draw forming Processes of a square cup and draw forming Processes of an outer hood panel were compared with the measurements.