• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.17 no.4 s.37
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• pp.193-199
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• 1978

Five parents and their 10 $F_1$ crosses of maize (Zea mays L.) were tested by means of diallel analysis for the inheritance of peroxidase activity following Puccinia sorghi rust infection. Peroxidase activity was measured at day zero and at 2 days and 8 days after inoculation. Peroxidase activity was increased significantly by P. sorghi infection in all 15 genotypes after 8 days, but not after 2 days. Highly significant differences in peroxidase activity were detected among the 15 genotypes. The highly genera] resistant inbred, CM105, and its hybrids showed exceptionally high peroxidase activity in both healthy and infected plants. However, another highly resistant inbred, Oh545, showed exceptionally low peroxidase activity. Significant general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) means quares were detected for peroxidase activity independent of disease. GCA mean spuares, however, were consistently a major contiribution to the inheritance of peroxidase activity in the infected plants whereas SCA men square contributions were minor. Rust resistant maize plants controlling mongenic dominant $Rp_1^d$gene showed stronger peroxidase reroxidase responses than their susceptible counterparts in the gel electrophoresis and densiometric tracings. The increased peroxidase activity occurred in both major leaf peroxidases, $Px_3\;and\; Px_7$.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.2649-2666
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• 2015

In the dynamic cloud computing environment, to ensure, under the terms of service-level agreements, the maximum efficiency of resource utilization, it is necessary to investigate the online dynamic management of virtual machine resources and their operational application systems/components. In this study, the feasibility and properties of the division of virtual machine resources on the cloud platform, using the virtual machine cluster as the management unit, are investigated. First, the definitions of virtual machine clusters are compared, and our own definitions are presented. Then, the feasibility of division using the virtual machine cluster as the management unit is described, and the isomorphism and reconfigurability of the clusters are proven. Lastly, from the perspectives of clustering and cluster segmentation, the dynamics of virtual machines are described and experimentally compared. This study aims to provide novel methods and approaches to the optimization management of virtual machine resources and the optimization configuration of the parameters of virtual machine resources and their application systems/components in large-scale cloud computing environments.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.265-272
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• 2024

In the current era of rapid digitization of the fashion industry, this study aims to facilitate the digitization of local Hawaiian fashion products. The research compares and analyzes the patterns and colors of digital clothing products sold on Zepeto, a metaverse platform, and those of physical products sold both, online and offline, by six specialized brands with stores in Honolulu, Hawaii, or Hawaiian signature clothing products. The following results were obtained: First, physical products generally display various patterns, such as animals, plants, geography, regions, and beaches. However, the pattern diversity of digital products is relatively limited, with a tendency to focus on plant and animal designs, which are Hawaii's signature patterns. Second, the color analysis results demonstrate that chromatic color groups, such as blue and red, were the most popular in physical products, whereas digital products used mostly green and neutral colors. Considering that physical products are sold both, online and offline, this is presumed to be due to differences in expression techniques and customer responses to digital and physical products, rather than market differences. To facilitate the digitization of Hawaiian local fashion products, a library that accommodates physical products in a variety of patterns and colors must be secured, and continuous modifications must be made to match the overall fashion trends.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.127-131
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• 2007

Embryonic germ (EG) cells are undifferentiated stern cells isolated from cultured primordial germ cells (PGC). These cells share many characteristics with embryonic stem cells including morphology and pluripotency. Undifferentiated porcine EG cell lines demonstrating capacities of differentiation both in vitro and in vivo have been established. Since EG cells can be cultured indefinitely in an undifferentiated state, whereas somatic cells in primary culture are often unstable and have limited lifespan, EG cells may provide inexhaustible source of karyoplasts in nuclear transfer (NT). In this study the efficiencies of NT using porcine EG and fetal fibroblast cells were compared. Two different techniques were used to perform NT. With conventional NT procedure (Roslin method) involving fusion of donor cells with enucleated oocytes, the rates of development to the blastocyst stage in EG and somatic cell NT were 16.8% (59/351) and 14.5% (98/677), respectively. In piezo-driven microinjection (Honolulu method) of donor nuclei into enucleated oocytes, the rates of blastocyst formation in EG and somatic cell NT were 11.9% (15/126) and 9.4% (9/96), respectively. Regardless of NT methods used in this study, EG cell NT gave rise to comparable rate of blastocyst development to somatic cell NT. Overall, EG cells can be used as karyoplast donor in NT procedure, and embryos can be produced by EG cell NT that may be used as an alternative to conventional somatic cell NT.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.93-104
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• 1969

사후 저장기간 중 어육내에 진행되는 단백질 분해에 어육 자체효소와 새균활동 중 어느 쪽이 기여하는 바 큰가를 분별하기 위하여 금방 죽인 볼낙류(Sebastodes)의 어육을 무균방법으로 잘라내어 4 OZ 유리용기에 넣고 플라스틱으로 된 나사뚜껑으로 밀봉한 후 감마선 조사하지 않는 군(무균육과 무군육에 단백질 분해성 Pseudomonas 를 접종한 것으로 세분)과 0.5과 2.0 Mrad 선량 조사한 군(무균육, 조사 전에 접종시킨 어육, 그리고 조사후에 접종시킨 어육으로 세분)으로 나누며 $0^{\circ}C$에서의 저장 중의 어육의 총균수, pH, 관능 상해, 그리고 0.5M KCl 및 $70\%$ ethanol 가용성 총질소와 Amino-N을 검측함으로써 어육 단백질 분해 과정을 조사하였다. 0.5 Mrad 감마선량은 무균 어육에 접종된 $10^6$ per gm Muscle Pseudomonas sp.를 완전 사멸시키는데 충분하였으므로 완전한 무균상태와 처음부터 단백질 분해성 세균활동이 활발한 상태에 놓여 있는 어육 내에 진행되는 단백질 분해과정을 비교할 수 있었다. 기름지지 않는 어류에 속하는 볼박 어육의 저장 중에 일어나는 pH의 상승, 관능상태의 저락, 그리고 단백질 분해에서 오는 총질소와 Amino-N의 축적은 모두 세균의 번식활동과 직접 관련되어 있으며, 완전 무균 어육의 단백질 분해는 전혀 검측되지 안했으므로 통상 저장중에 일어나는 어육 담백질 분해는 전부가 세균활동에 기인됨이 확실해 졌다. 감마선 조사 직후 단백질 분해성 세균을 접종시킨 어육을 조사치 않고 접종시킨 어육에 비교할 때, 전자의 경우 세균번식이 현저히 장해 받았으며, 이에 따라 PH 상승과 총질소 및 Amino-N 축적도 상대적으로 부진하였다. 이 방사선을 조사받은 어육에 접종된 단백질 분해성 세균활동의 장해는 조사선량에 비례함이 밝혀졌다. 관능상태로 판단할 때 0.5 Mrad선을 조사받은 어육은 조사 받지 않은 것보다 선도유지기간이 2배 이상으로 연장되었다. 그러나 2.0 Mrad 선량 조사받은 어육의 선도유지는 오히려 조사 받지 않은 것보다 못하였다. 이 고선량 조사로 인한 식품의 물리적 및 화학적 변화의 해독성은 접종시킨 세균 번식 장해현상으로 나타났으며, 이 현상은 조사식품의 안전성 검측을 위한 하나의 도구로 사용될 가능성을 말해준다.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.310-316
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of acculturation stage on dietary intake of Korean American women (0=124) living in California and to compare the dietary intake with that of Korean women (0=191) in Seoul, Korea. The dietary intake of the subjects was collected by 24-hour recall method at cross-sectional surveys. Ouster analysis performed on immigration variables (e.g., length of residency, age at immigration, etc.) classified Korean American women into less (0=73) or more (n=51) acculturated group. Acculturation stage did not have a significant effect on macro nutrient intake. However, vitamin C intake was higher in the more acculturated group, while intakes of folate, calcium, iron, and zinc were higher in the less acculturated group. In comparison of three groups (the more and the less acculturated Korean American, and the Korean group), the more acculturated the women were, the less frequently they consumed rice and kimchi (p<0.05). Korean American women ate bread/noodle, meat/meat products, fruit juice, and soda more often and consumed vegetables less frequently, compared with Korean women (p<0.05). For breakfast, Western dishes were preferred in both more and less acculturated groups. Korean dishes were favored for dinner by both groups, even though the less acculturated group ate more Korean dishes than did the more acculturated group. The acculturation measured by immigration variables influenced nutrient intakes, food consumptions, and types of dishes eaten in Korean Americans. Cultural and health implications of dietary acculturation need to be studied in the future.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.117-121
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• 1984

The structure of $CS_{7.3}Ag_{4.7}Si_{12}Al_{12}O_{48}$, vacuum dehydrated zeolite A with all Na+ ions replaced by $Cs^+$ and $Ag^+$ as indicated, has been determined by single-crystal x-ray diffraction techniques in the cubic space group, Pm3m (a = 12.282 (1) ${\AA}$). The structure was refined to the final error indices $R_1$$R_2$ (weighted) = 0.099 using 347 independent reflections for whind intlch $I_0\;>\;3{\sigma}(I_0)$. Although deydration occurred at $360^{\circ}C$, no silver atoms or clusters have been observed. The 8-ring sites are occupied only by $Cs^+$ ion, and the 4-ring sites only by a single $Ag^+$ ion. The 6-ring sites contain $Ag^+$ and $Cs^+$ ions with $Ag^+$ nearly in 6-ring planes and $Cs^+$ well off them, one on the sodalite unit side. With regard to the 6-rings, the structure can be represented as a superposition of two types of unit cells: about 70 % have $4Ag^+$ and $4Cs^+$ ions, and the remaining 30 % have $3Ag^+$ and $5Cs^+$. In all unit cells, $3Cs^+$ ions lie at the centers of the 8-rings at sites of D4h symmetry; these ions are approximately 0.3 ${\AA}$ further from their nearest framework-oxygen neighbors than the sum of the appropriate ionic radii would indicate. To minimize electrostatic repulsions, the $Cs^+$ ions at Cs(1) are not likely to occupy adjacent 6-rings in the large cavity; they are likely to be tetrahedrally arranged when there are 4.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.426-430
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• 1989

Two crystal structures of iodine sorption complexes of dehydrated partially Co(Ⅱ )-exchanged zeolite A, $Co_{3.5}Na_5-A{\cdot}xI_2$, x = 2.5 and 5.0, have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. Both structures were solved and refined in cubic space group, Pm3m at $21(1)^{\circ}C$. The structures of $Co_{3.5}Na_5-A{\cdot}2.5I_2$(a = 12.173(1) ${\AA}$) and $Co_{3.5}Na_5-A{\cdot}5.0I_2$(a = 12.130(1) ${\AA}$) were refined to the final error indices, $R_1$ = 0.081 and $R_2$ = 0.077 with 261 reflections and $R_1$ = 0.103 and $R_2$ = 0.112 with 225 reflections, respectively, for which I>3${\sigma}$(I). In both structures, 3.5 $Co^{2+}$ ions and 4.5 $Na^+$ ions per unit cell lie at two crystallographically different 6-ring positions. 0.5 $Na^+$ ion lines in an 8-oxygen ring plane. Dehydrated $Co_{3.5}Na_5$-A sorbs 2.5 iodine molecules per unit cell at $70^{\circ}C$ (vapor pressure of $I_2$ is ca. 8.3 torr) within 30 minutes and 5 iodine molecules per unit cell at $80^{\circ}C$ (vapor pressure of $I_2$ is ca. 14.3 torr) within 24 hours. Each iodine molecule makes a close approach, along its axis to framework oxygen atom with I-I-O = $175^{\circ}$.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.172-193
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• 2013

This study examines the production techniques and raw materials shown in the Korean dried-lacquer statues of Buddha through a careful observation of the Seated Dried-lacquer Bodhisattva Statue from the late Goryeo Dynasty which is currently possessed by Okura Museum of Art in Tokyo. As a method of study, the X-ray data and the results from a field survey were combined to analyze the production techniques and the characteristics of raw materials. Based on this analysis, a hypothesis was established on the production process and verified through a reenactment of the actual production process. Then, the characteristics of the techniques applied to each process and the raw materials were recorded in detail. Specifically, the dried lacquer techniques and the raw materials were estimated based on the results of naked-eye observation in comparison with the literature, especially the records of "Xiu Shi Lu" written by Huang Cheng of the Ming Dynasty which is considered as 'the textbook of lacquer techniques.' The raw materials used in the production of the traditional Korean lacquerware inlaid with mother-of-pearl were also referenced. As a result, it was found that the features of production techniques and the raw materials found in the Statue at Okura Museum of Art have many similarities with those of the Seated Dried-lacquer Statue of Lohan (Arhat) from Yuanfu 2 Nian Ming (1098) of the Song Dynasty which is currently at the Honolulu Museum of Art. In particular, the similarities include that the interior of the statue being vacant because the clay and the wood core were not replaced after being removed from the prototype, that the complete form was made in the clay forming stage to apply the lacquer with baste fiber fabric, that the clay and the wood core were removed through the bottom of the statue, and that the modeling stage was omitted and the final coat over the statue is very thin. Additionally, decorating with ornaments like Bobal and Youngrak made of plastic material was a technique widely popular in the Song Dynasty, suggesting that the Seated Dried-lacquer Bodhisattva Statue in Okura Museum of Art was greatly affected by the production techniques of the Dried-lacquer Buddha Statue from the Song Dynasty. There is no precise record on the origin and history of the Korean Dried-lacquer Buddha Statues and the number of existing works is also very limited. Even the records in "Xuanhe Fengshi Gaoli Tujing" that tells us about the origin of the Dried-lacquer Buddha Statue from the Yuan Feng Period (1078~1085) do not indicate the time of transmission. It is also difficult to trace the clear route of transmission of production techniques through existing Dried-lacquer Buddha Statues. Fortunately, this study could at least reveal that the existing Dried-lacquer Buddha Statues of Korea, including the one at Okura Museum of Art, have applied the production techniques rather differently from those used in the production of Japanese Datsukatsu Dried-lacquer Buddha Statues that have been known as the standard rule in making dried-lacquer statues of Buddha for a long time.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.168-178
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• 1983

Influence of several dehydration treatments on original structure and water behavior in the process of drying were investigated employing three hawaiian volcanic ash soils and four synthetic minerals. These three soils were developed under different rainfall condition and contained three different amount of amorphous materials in them. Measurement of water losses by oven drying at $105^{\circ}C$, $P_2O_5$ drying, freeze drying, and critical point drying revealed that more water losses were noted by oven drying than by three other drying techniques and the differences of water losses between oven and $P_2O_5$-drying were closely related to amoun: of amorphous materials in them, showing the order of Kaiwiki > Hilo > Kawaihae. This indicates that dehydration of amorphous materials by elevated temperature ($105^{\circ}C$) excluded water beyond that in the adsorbed (hygroscopic) state. The effect of dehydration treatments on initial structure was visualized by scanning electron microscopy. The micrographs showed that oven-and $P_2O_5$-dried samples formed into large mass of sub-angular blocky, dense, and closed crumbs, while the freeze dried and critical point dried samples resulted in less shrinkage, and small, fluffy and open spongy structure. However, critical point drying technique produced bulkier, softer, and greater open structure samples than even freeze drying. Additional Index Words: original structure, synthetic minerals, critical point drying, $P_2O_5$ drying. 1. This is a part of author's Ph.D. dissertation submitted to the University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 in 1979. 2. Professor of Agricultural Chemistry, Korea University.