• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.217-222
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• 2002

Barley varieties collected from 1940 to 1951 allover the Korean peninsula by Dr. Takahashi Ryuhei were reintroduced from the Research Institute for Bioresouces in Okayama University, Japan, and the evaluation of morphological characteristics and RAPD analysis were performed. Totally, 493 varieties of Korean barley landraces were planted in the green house, from which seeds of 491 varieties were harvested and conserved in the seedbank of the Rural Development Administration. Majority of the naked barley varieties showed dense spikes with long awn, late heading, winter habits, and long plant height. However, variants having various phenotypes such as short awn, blue aleurone color, brachytic type and waxyness were also identified. Plant height, spike length, and cold-tolerance in the varieties were also highly variable among them. Homogeneity tests on the variation of growth habits, spike density, anthocyanin pigmentation on the seed coat, and hairiness on leaf sheath between naked and covered barley showed that the variations of naked barley were similar to those of covered barley. It maybe indicate that the most of naked barley landraces were mutated from the covered barley landraces. Korean landraces of naked barley were broadly divided into 4 groups by the dendrogram produced by morphological characteristics; however, the identities of the group were rather indistinct. Many varieties, belonged to the same group, were showed different band patterns in RAPD analysis using 5 different primer sets. These results indicate that the 112 varieties of naked barley landraces were different genotypes.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.93-107
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• 1992

The purpose of this study is to make out teaching-learning method for developing mathematical abilities of the 1st grade children in elementary school by investigating cognitive effects which mathematical pre-experiences given intentionally by teachers have on children's learning mathematics. The research questions for this purpose are as follows: In learning effects through mathematical pre-experiences given intentionally by teachers. 1) is there any differences between children with pre-experiences and children without them in Mathematics Achievement Test\ulcorner 2) is there any differences between children with pre-experiences and children without them in Transfer Test for learning effects\ulcorner For this study, a class with 41 children in H elementary school located in a Myon near Chong-ju was selected as an experimental group and a class with 43 children in G elementary school in the same Myon was selected as a control group. Nonequivalent Control Group Design of Quasi-Experimental Design was applied to this study. To give pre-experiences to the children in experimental group, their classroom was equipped with materials for pre-experiences, so children could always observe the materials and play with them. The materials were a round-clock on the wall, two pairs of scales, fifty dice, some small pebbles, two pairs of weight scales, two rulers on the wall, and various cards for playing games. Pre-experiences were given to the children repeatedly through games and observations during free time in the morning (00:20-09:00) and intervals between periods. There was a pretest for homogeneity of mathematics achievement between the two groups and were Mathematics Achievement Test (30 items) and Transfer Test (25 items) for learning effects as post-tests. The data were collected from the pretest on April 8 (control group), on April 11 (experimental group) and from the Mathematics Achievement Test and Transfer Test on July 15 (experimental group) and on July 16 (control group). T-test was used to analyze if there were any differences in the results of the test. The results of the analysis were as follows: (1) As the result of pretest, there was not a significance difference between the experimental group (M=17.10. SD=7.465) and the control group (M=16.31, SD=6.974) at p<.05 (p=0.632). (2) For the question 1. in the Mathematics Achievement Test, there was a significant difference between the experimental group (M=26.08, SD=4.827) and the control group (M=22.28. SD=5.913) at p<.01 (p=.003). (3) For the question 2. in the Transfer Test for learning effects. there was a significant difference between the experimental group (M=16.41, SD=5.800) and the control group (M=11.84, SD=4.815) at p<001, (p=.000). From the results of the analyses obtained in this study. the following conclusions can be drawn: First, mathematical pre-experiences given by teachers are effective in increasing mathematical achievement and transfer in learning mathematics. Second, games. observations, and experiments given intentionally by teachers can make children's mathematical experiences rich and various, and are effective in adjusting individual differences for the mathematical experiences obtained before they entered elementary schools. Third, it is necessary for teachers to give mathematical pre-experiences with close attention in order to stimulate children's mathematical interests and intellectual curiosity.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.155-165
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• 2005

Arthritis is one of the most common chronic degenerative joint disease in elderly. Osteoarthritis is a widespread, slowly developing disease, with a high prevalence increasing with age in women. The large joints mostly involved by the disease are the knees. But there are no treatments available that cure the underlying process of osteoarthritis diseases. Physical exercise helps in increasing cartilage nutrition and remodeling, increases the synovial blood flow, decrease swelling, and improves muscle strength. Thus, exercise has been suggested as an important nursing strategy in osteoarthritis. Purpose: The purpose of this study were to compare muscle strength between Tai-Chi exercise and aquatic exercise for women with knee osteoarthritis. Methods: A quasi-experimental study with pretest and posttest measures was used. The study subjects were those who had been enrolled in a community health center, and agreed to participate in the study for eight weeks, signed the consent form, and obtained the physicians approval. The study dropout rates were 13.2% with the final study subjects of 17 on Tai-Chi exercise, 16 on aquatic exercise program. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS for Window (version 12.0). Independent sample t-test and paired t-test was performed to compare of muscle strength for women with osteoarthritis after 8-week Tai-Chi exercise and aquatic Exercise. Results: The homogeneity tests of demographic characteristics and study variables at the pretest data revealed no significant differences between two groups. After 8-week Tai-Chi and aquatic exercise, there was significant result in pre-post test comparison on muscle strength on Tai-Chi group, but no significant in aquatic group. There were no significant differences of knee extensor (p=.078), and hand grip(p=.118) in group comparisons on muscle strengths. But there were significant differences of knee flexor(p=.024). Conclusion: Tai-chi exercise was effective in improving knee flexor. So, it seems that Tai-chi exercise may be more suitable for aquatic exercise in osteoarthritis exercise programs. Further studies with other comparisons in physical and psycho social outcomes are necessary to confirm the more effects of exercise.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.257-264
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the game application learning 8th graders' scientific attitude, which was utilized as a strategy to improve the teaching skills and methods in the lesson of 'the history of the earth and diastrophism'. The subjects of this study were 120 students of 8th grade at a middle school located in a metropolitan city in Korea. To start off with homogeneity of a group, this study recruited participants by the results of a diagnostic test taken early in the year and a mid-term examination taken at the end of April. As a result, a total of 4 male classes that showed similar results on the two tests were selected and divided into two groups: one in experimental and the other in control. In addition, the top 20% students and the low 20% students were chosen for comparison of their scientific attitudes based on the results of the mid-term examination. The traditional teachings were offered to the control groups while the experimental lessons with the game activities performed at the stages of application and summary in teaching were offered to the experimental groups over 10 periods. Results of the pre- and post-test on the students' scientific attitude demonstrated that there was a statistical significance between the two groups, which suggested that the experimental group showed a meaningful improvement in the scientific attitude after experimental intervention lesson activities with game applications. Also, the more meaningful improvement in the scientific attitude was found in the lower group than in the higher group. It implies that lessons with the game activities motivated the students to voluntarily participate in school science learning by enhancing their interests. Therefore, it is suggested that game application learning be a new teaching-learning material that helps to encourage learners to actively participate in middle school science learning.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.324-336
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to comparatively analyze academic achievement and class satisfaction in college general mathematics between face-to-face classes and remote classes. For this study, we selected 97 first-year students from three departments of an engineering college at M University. Among the subjects of the study, 39 students in Department A and 36 students in Department B took remote classes using pre-recorded class videos, and 22 students in Department C took face-to-face classes. The subjects of this study were evaluated by one professor as the same type of problem with the same content for the same textbook. Among the subjects of the study, 35 students in department A, 34 students in department B, and 17 students in department C who entered through rolling admissions were collected and homogeneity tests were conducted. And then we analyzed the scores of these students' midterm and final exams for general mathematics in the first semester of 2021. Also, we compared and analyzed the academic achievement and class satisfaction of general mathematics subjects for face-to-face classes and remote classes for all study subjects. The results of this study are as follows. First, there is a significant difference in students' academic achievement of general mathematics between face-to-face classes and remote classes. Second, there is a significant difference in class satisfaction between face-to-face classes and non- face-to-face remote classes.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.203-215
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• 2017

Delirium is an acute confused state associated with poor outcomes among hospitalized long-term care hospital elderly patients. This study was conducted to examine the effects of acomfort promotion program based on Kolcaba's comfort theory for prevention of delirium among elderly patients who have been hospitalized in long-term care hospitals. The study used was a quasi-experimental type, with two groups of patients; those who received their usual care plus comfort nursing intervention (n=34) and those who only received usual care methods. Using the IBMSPSS/PC (Version 21), the homogeneity of the control and intervention group wereevaluated by the chi-squared test and an independent t-test, and all collected data wereanalyzed. Hypotheses were tested by independent t-tests and repeated measures of ANOVA. Delirium occurred at a rate of 2.9% (1/34) in the intervention group and 14% (5/34) -in the control group ($x^2=3.98$, p=0.047). The severity of the delirium in theintervention group was lower than that of the control (t=2.27, p=.027). The duration of delirium was 2days in the intervention group and 2-10days in the control group, indicating delirium in the intervention group lasted for a significantly shorter period ($x^2=3.22$, p=0.048). According to the change of time, the intervention group showed improvement in all areas including comfort scores (F=108.85, p<0.001), anxiety scores (F=63.39, p<0.001), depression scores (F=89.78, p<0.001), quality of sleep scores (F=63.63, p<0.001), and pain scores (F=93.64, p<0.001). In conclusion, elderly patients who were admitted to nursing homes were advised to participate in nursing intervention,which effectivelyprevented delirium based on the Kolcaba's comfort theory of physical, psychological, spiritual, social, cultural and environmental approaches to prevent delirium. Therefore, it is necessary to extend the program for prevention of delirium in the physical, psychological, spiritual, social, cultural, and environmental contexts to prevent delirium in geriatric hospitalized elderly patients.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.216-224
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• 2015

This study aims to identify the prevalence of sleep related disease in those who experienced car accidents caused by drowsy driving. To this end, a survey of usual sleep habits, polysomnography, and multiple sleep latency tests were conducted in 34 persons who experienced an accident after normal sleep (Group 1), 22 persons who experienced an accident after abnormal sleep (Group 2), and 17 persons who was proven to be normal as a result of polysomnography and had no accident (Group 3). In all, 192 persons responded to the preliminary survey and the results were compared and analyzed. Crossover analysis was conducted to test the homogeneity of statistical characteristics, and the physical characteristics by age were analyzed. In the survey of sleeping habits, there was a significance between groups in how often they woke up while asleep (p<0.01), how difficult it was to go back to sleep again after waking up from sleep (p<0.05), how early they woke up in the morning (p<0.05), how difficult it was to get up in the morning (p<0.05), how sleepy they felt in the daytime (p<0.01), and how tired they felt in the daytime (p<0.01). Furthermore, among 56 subjects who had an accident during drowsy driving, 94.6% (53 persons) were found to have sleep related diseases. This suggests that car accidents during drowsy driving is not simply caused by temporary lack of sleep but by sleep related diseases even when sleep is adequate, leading to car accidents. Therefore, this study is significant identifying the association between car accidents during drowsy driving and sleep related disorders. Furthermore, the data would be considered basic to prepare social measures against drowsy driving related to such sleep related disorders.