• 대한약침학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.33-50
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was conducted to confirm validation and stability of concentration analysis method of pure melittin (Sweet Bee Venom-Sweet BV) extracted from the bee venom by utilizing protein isolation method of gel filtration. Methods : All experiments were conducted at Biotoxtech, a non-clinical studies authorized institution, under the regulations of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP). Standard solutions of melittin (SIGMA, USA) and test substances were dispensed and were analyzed with HPLC for Sweet BV to secure the validation of analysis. Results : 1. Measurement of system suitability of Sweet BV satisfied criterion of below 3%. 2. Confirming Linearity of Sweet BV in 10-200${\mu}g/m\ell$ solution yielded correlation coefficient (r) of 0.995 and accuracy of 85-115% which satisfy criterion. 3. Measurement of Specificity of Sweet BV didn't yield any substance affecting the peak of test substances, but detected at 21.22min verified as the test substance. 4. Confirming Intra-day of Sweet BV, accuracy and precision of 0.1, 100${\mu}g/m\ell$ were 105.70, 95.81 and 0.66, 0.73, respectively, satisfying both criteria of accuracy (85-115%) and precision (within 10%). 5. To measure Stability in autosampler, all samples used in Intra-day reproducibility sat in the autosampler for five hours and were re-analyzed. Both variability and precision satisfied the criteria. 6. Homogeneity of Sweet BV (0.1, 100${\mu}g/m\ell$) at upper, middle, and lower layers all satisfied the accuracy and precision criteria. 7. Stability of Sweet BV (0.1, 100${\mu}g/m\ell$) at room temperature for four hours and refrigerated for 7 days all satisfied the criterion. 8. For the measurement of Quality control, QC samples measured on the first and eighth day all satisfied accuracy and precision criteria. Conclusion : Above experiment data satisfies validation and stability of concentration analysis method of Sweet BV.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.229-246
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• 1998

This dissertation classifies sample patients by a measure of K-DRG to identify the most frequent group. and investigates the differences in the dependency of nursing by patient classification system in the SICU of Seoul National University Hospital in Korea. It also calculates the mean nursing care hours and costs per craniotomy patient, who is shown to be the most frequent patient group. The results of the research can be used as basic data for the development of relevant nursing cost system in the future. The results of the research are as follows: 1. Using data from 97 sample patients, as many as 26 groups are identified when the patients are classified by K-DRG. KDRG-001 (craniotomy) is found to be the most frequent group(43.30%). 2. The result from patient classification system grouping in craniotomy patients shows homogeneity in terms of dependency of nursing with 35 patients in the 4th group, 145 patients(74.36%) are in the 5th group. and 15 patients are in the 6th group among the total 195 sample patients. 3. The direct nursing care hours for the 4th, 5th, and 6th patient classification system groups are found to be 381 minuites. 483 minuites, and 519 minuites, respectively, which shows that the nursing care hours increases as the dependency of nursing is intensified. The indirect nursing care hours are found to be 454 minuites(7.57 hours). The total mean nursing care hours, which is the sum of the direct nursing care hours(467 min.: 7.78 hours) and the indirect nursing care hours (454 min.: 7.57 hours), is 921 minuites(15.35 hours) per patient a day. 4. The nursing care cost is calculated to be 123,297 won per patient a day. Considering the average duration in the ICU, we can find the total nursing care cost is 610,318 won.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.118-127
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a Tai-Chi exercise program on subjective health and physiological function index. Methods: This study was designed as non-equivalent control group pretestposttest research. Eighteen women in each group completed the posttest with an attendance rate of 78.3 % after 12 weeks. The Tai Chi exercise program was provided two times a week over three months for the experimental group, but no program for the control group. A questionnaire was used for subjective health index, which consisted of Korean-WOMAC Index for joint stiffness, K-HAQ for physical disability, EQ-5D for quality of life and perceived health status, and CES-D for depression. To measure the effect on the physiological function index, femoral muscle strength, shoulder joint and back flexibility were measured. Results: All variables except left anterior femoral muscle strength had significant homogeneity between the two groups. There were statistically significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in joint stiffness (t=-2.165, p=.03), physical disability (t=-2.231, p=.038), EQ-5D index (t=3.783, p=.001), perceived health status (t=-2.349, p=.025) and femoral posterior muscle strength (t=2.487, p=.038). Conclusion: The Tai-Chi exercise program was beneficial for women with arthritis in rural communities.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.235-241
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• 2009

Composite wood materials are very sensitive to water and inspection without any coupling medium of a liquid is really needed to wood materials due to the permeation of coupling medium such as water. However, air-coupled ultrasound has obvious advantages over water-coupled experimentation compared with conventional C-scanner. In this work, it is desirable to perform contact-less nondestructive evaluation to assess wood material homogeneity. A wood material was nondestructively characterized with non-contact and contact modes to measure ultrasonic velocity using automated data acquisition software. We have utilized a proposed peak-delay measurement method. Also through transmission mode was performed because of the main limitation for air-coupled transducers, which is the acoustic impedance mismatch between most materials and air. The variation of ultrasonic velocity was found to be somewhat difference due to air-coupled limitations over conventional scan images. However, conventional C-scan images are well agreed with increasing the resin-infiltrated time as expected. Finally, we have developed a measurement system of an ultrasonic velocity based on data acquisition software for obtaining ultrasonic quantitative data for correlation with C-scan images.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.298-307
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to test the effect of the health education on college students. The content of the health education was consisted of significance of health, smoking, alcohol use and sexuality, birth control, exercise and nutrition, chronic illness, contagious disease, stress management. Two groups non-equivalent to pre and post test quasi-experimental research design were used in this study. The total number of subjects were 174 college students who did not have a health related major. The experimental group attended this health education program for 16 weeks and the control group attended other liberal arts and science classes for 16 weeks. Data were analysed with the SPSS window program. The homogeneity between the experimental and the control group pretest data was tested by $X^2$ test and t-test. The differences in stress, self-esteem, general self-efficacy, locus of control and health promoting behaviors after the health education were tested with the repeated measure ANOVA. The results were as follows: 1. There was no significant difference in general characteristics, stress, self- esteem, general self-efficacy, locus of control and health promoting behaviors between the two groups before the health education. 2. There was a significant difference in stress(p= .000) and health promoting behavior (p= .000) between the two groups after the health education. 3. There was no significant difference in self-esteem(p= .531), self-efficacy(p= .110) and locus of control between the two groups after the health education. From the results above, it can be concluded that this health education for the college students was effective to relieve stress and improve health promoting behaviors. The above results suggest that repeated studies are needed for another college students and various health education programs should be developed to promote the health of the populace considering many health related concepts.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.769-779
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was an experimental study to compare the inhalation effects of aroma essential oil on the quality of sleep (QOS) for shift nurses after working nights. Methods: The participants were 60 healthy adults who didn't have any disease. As an experimental treatment, the participants in the experimental group were asked to inhale essential oil for 3 minutes at a distance of approximately 10 cm from their nose and then they were asked to sleep with the aroma stone beside their head (within a 30 cm distance). QOS were measured four times on Pretest, Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3 after they slept. To measure QOS, Perceived QOS (Numeric Rating Scale), the Verran & Synder-Halpern (VSH) Sleep Scale were used, and number of awakenings (NoA) was measured by Actigraph. Results: There were no significant differences in the homogeneity tests for general characteristics and dependent variables prior to the experiments, except for VSH of subjective sleep quality. Also, there was no significant interaction between group and time. The VSH of the experimental group was higher than the control group (F=6.39, p=.002). The NoA between the experimental group and the control group was significantly different after experimental treatment 3rd day (F=13.35, p=.001). Conclusion: The findings show that the inhalation of aroma essential oil had effects to increase the quality of sleep. Therefore, the inhalation of aroma essential oil could be applied to general nursing interventions to improve the quality of sleep.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.232-239
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was an quasi-experimental study to compare the effect of applying polyethylene wrap and aircap in maintaining body temperature of preterm infants. Methods: The participants were 51 preterm infants. Aircap was applied to the experimental group (n=23) and polyethylene wrap was applied to the control group (n=28) when the preterm infants admitted to neonatal intensive care unit. The data was collected at W hospital in J-province from June 2016 to May 2017. A total of 9 body temperature measurements were taken at 3 hours interval from 5 min to 24 hours after admission. Repeated measure ANOVA, independent t-test and χ² test were conducted used with SPSS/WIN 24.0 Results: There were no significant difference in the homogeneity tests for general characteristics and dependent variables prior to the experiments (t=0.57, p=.566). There was a significant difference on body temperature of preterm infants over time (F=3.24, p=.020). There was no significant difference on body temperature between polyethylene wrap and aircap application groups (F=1.29, p=.261). The interaction between the group and the time was insignificant (F=1.51, p=.214). Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that both methods of applying polyethylene wrap and aircap on the body in preterm infants had effect in maintaining body temperature.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.71-83
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• 2021

Purpose : This study compared the differences in power and agility of athletes in each sports using visual response speed test (VRST) scores after conducting 10 weeks of body stability exercise (BSE) on elementary school athletes in handball, football, volleyball and conducted a post-hoc test on the measured values. The subjects of this study were baseball (n=27), taekwondo (n=22), and football (n=23) athletes with at least two years of athletic experience. A total of 72 elementary school athletes were measured by VRST after 10 weeks of BSE under the same conditions. Methods : For VRST measurement of the upper extremity, the right and left hands were alternately touched in the order the blazepod equipment lights were turned on. The number of touches for 15 seconds and response touch were measured. In the case of the measurement of lower extremity the left lower extremity was measured first when the Blaze pod equipment light came on. The average value was obtained by measuring 3 times using a measurement sensor with the position indicated in order to measure the upper arms and legs the same. Results : This study confirmed homogeneity among sports and that VRST improved after implementing BSE for sports. However, no statistically significant difference was identified when comparing VRST improvements between sports, and post-hoc test results showed no significant differences either. Conclusion : After applying the BSE program under the same conditions for 10 weeks to elementary school students who can improve their power and agility the most, the results of the examination using the Blaze pod showed that the power and agility of baseball, taekwondo, and soccer players were similarly improved. From the fact that there was no significant difference among sports, it could be inferred that the BES training program could improve VRST without being limited to some sports.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.135-145
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• 2023

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to discover which breathing technique is more effective in improving respiratory function by applying different breathing techniques-the chest expansion respiratory technique and the abdominal expansion respiratory technique-to adults in the same aerobic exercise situation. Methods : In this study, 30 people were randomly assigned to two groups: chest expansion respiratory technique with aerobic exercise (A group) and abdominal expansion respiratory technique with aerobic exercise (B group). Group A was asked to breathe after wrapping their rib cage with an elastic band, and Group B was asked to breathe after wrapping their abdomen with an elastic band. A total of 3 sets of 30 breaths were performed, 3 times a week for 6 weeks. For statistical processing, an independent t-test was used to verify homogeneity between the two groups, and a repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare differences according to the period for each group. Results : The changes in FVC and FEV₁ for each group following 6 weeks of intervention are as follows. In comparison according to the intervention period, there was a significant increase in all groups depending on the timing of measurement (p<.05), and as a result of the inter-subject effect test, there was no significant difference between groups (p>.05). In addition, there was no interaction effect between period and group (p>.05). Conclusion : The conclusion of this study is that FVC and FEV₁ values increased according to the intervention period in both groups; therefore, it can be suggested that flexible breathing techniques can be applied depending on the patient's physical situation when applying a breathing program to improve respiratory function.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.514-522
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• 2019

본 연구는 대학생과 노인을 대상으로 웰다잉(Well-dying) 프로그램을 적용하여 죽음불안, 좋은 죽음에 대한 인식, 죽음준비도에 미치는 효과를 파악하기 위한 두집단 사전 사후 설계연구이다. 연구는 G도, C시 C대학교 대학생 9명과 노인 14명을 대상으로 웰다잉(Well-dying) 프로그램을 12시간 제공하고 그 효과를 검증하였다. 자료 수집 기간은 2018년 10월 1일부터 12월 31일까지였다. 자료분석은 IBM SPSS 24.0을 이용하여 자료를 분석하였으며, 변수들의 정규성 검증은 Shapiro-Wilk 검증을 실시하였다. 동질성은 실수와 백분율 및 Fisher's exact probability test와 Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test를 사용하였다. 두집단의 프로그램 효과 검정을 위해 Repeated Measure ANOVA, Friedman test를 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 노인군과 대학생군의 죽음불안, 좋은 죽음인식은 시점과 그룹간의 교호작용이 없었으나, 시점에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<.030). 죽음준비도는 시점과 그룹간의 교호작용이 있었고(p=.030), 그룹간 유의한 차이가 있었다((p=.003). 본 연구의 웰다잉 프로그램은 대상자의 죽음불안과 좋은 죽음에 대한 인식 상승에 도움을 주는 프로그램이며, 특히 노인의 죽음준비에 도움이 되는 프로그램으로 나타났다.