• Animal cells and systems
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2010

Male rats were given a single injection of iron, and temporal changes in iron content and iron-induced effects were examined in heart cellular fractions. Over a period of 72 h, the contents of total and labile iron, reactive oxygen species, and NO in tissue homogenate, nuclear debris, and postmitochondrial fractions were mostly constant, but in mitochondria they continuously increased. An abrupt decrease in membrane potential and NAD(P)H at 12 h was also found in mitochondria. The respiratory control ratio was reduced slowly with a slight recovery at 72 h, suggesting uncoupling by iron.While the ATP content of tissue homogenate decreased steadily until 72 h, it showed a prominent increase in mitochondria at 12 h. Total iron and calcium concentration also progressively increased in mitochondria over 72 h. Enzyme activity of the oxidative phosphorylation system was significantly altered by iron injection: activities of complexes I, III, and IV were reduced considerably, but complex II activity and the ATPase activity of complex V were enhanced. A reversal of activity in complexes I and II at 12 h suggested reverse electron transfer due to iron overload. These results support the argument that mitochondrial activities including oxidative phosphorylation are modulated by excessive iron.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.87-91
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• 1986

In attempt to develop a drug delivery system using serum albumin microspheres, bovine serum albumin microspheres containing antitumar agent. Cytarabine, were prepared. The shape, surface characteristics, size distribution, behavior of in vivo distribution, drug release behavior, and degradation of albumin microsphers in animal liver issue homogenate and proteolytic enzyme were investigated. The shape of albumin microspheres was spherical and the surface was smooth and compact. The size distribution of the albumin microspheres was effected by dispertion forces during emulsification and albumin concentration. Distribution of albumin microspheres after imtravenous administration in rabbit was achieved immediately. In vitro, albumin microsphere matrix was so hard that it retained most of cytarabine except initial burst during the first 10 minutes, and the level of drug release during the initial burst was affected by heating temperature, drug/albumin microsphere matrix was so hard that it retained most of cytarabine except initial burst during the first 10 minutes, and the level of drug release during the initial burst was affected by heating temperature, drug/albumin concentration ratio and size distribution. After drug release test, the morphology of albumin microspheres was not changed. Albumin microsphere matrix was degraded by the animal liver issue homogenate and proteolytic enzyme. The degree of degradation was affected by heating temperature.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.908-913
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• 1998

Chemical components and some physical proeprties of fresh, defrosted and dried yams(Dioscoreab batatas) were determined to obtain basic data for high quality yam processing. Fresh yam showed 81.79% moisture and 15.24% N-free extract. The cohesiveness and adhesiveness of defrosted yam homogenate were significantly higher than those of fresh yam homogenate. Free sugars of yam were mainly composed of sucrose, rhamnose, fructose and glucose, and the contents of fructose and glucose were apparently decreased by hot air drying. Linoleic(45.64%), oleic(8.32%), and arachidic acids(7.40%) were major fatty acids of yam. Hot air drying caused a decrease in unsaturated fatty acids and an increase in saturated acids. Hot air-dried yam powder showed higher gelatinization properties than freeze-dryed yam powder, such asinitial pasting temperature, temperature at maximum viscosity, and viscosity at different parameters. Hot air-dried yam powder showed higher Hunter parameter b and ΔE values and lower L value than freeze-dried one.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.149-157
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• 1985

The HCL hydrolyzate of the non-histone protein fractionated from the rat liver nuclei which have been incubated inthe presence of S-adenosyl-L-[methyl-$^{14}C$ ]-methionine shows at least four unidentified radioactive peaks on a basic amino acid analysis chromatogram. One of these unknown compounds (designated as compound 3) is also formed by the rat liver homogenated with the exogenous addition of an appropriate protein substrate. Since boiled rat liver homogenate or fresh homogenate in the absence of an exogenous protein substrate failed to form compound 3, its formation can be considered to be enzyme-catalyzed. The enzyme which yields compound 3 shows a preference of protein substrate in the order of reductively methylated hemoglobin > native > histone type II-A. The rat enzyme is nuclear in location associated with chromatin, and exhibits the highest activity in the liver among various rat organs. A compound 3-forming enzyme is also present in Neurospora crassa, since endogenous formation of the compound 3 can be demonstrated with the crude extract of this mold. The chemical identity of compound 3 is not yet known. However, it resisted to the following treatments; 6 N HCL and 0.1 N Na NaOH hydrolysis at $110^{\circ}C$, OR L-amino acid oxidase.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.159-168
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• 1985

In attempt to develop a drug delivery system using serum albumin microspheres, bovine serum albumin microspheres containing antitumor agent, cytarabine, were prepared. The shape, surface characteristics, size distribution, behavior of in vitro distribution, drug release behaior, and degradation of albumin microspheres in animal liver tissue homogenate and proteolytic enzyme were investigated. The shape of albumin microspheres was spherical and the surface was smooth and compact. The size distribution of the albumin microspheres was affected by dispersion forces during emulsification and albumin concentration. Distribution of albumin mirospheres after intravenous administration in rabbit was achieved immediately. In vitro, albumin microsphere matrix was so hard that it retained most of cytarabine except initial burst during the first 10 minutes, and the level of drug release during the initial burst was affected by heating temperature, drug/albumin concentration ratio and size distribution. After drug release test, the morphology of albumin micropheres was not changed. Albumin microsphere matrix was degraded by the rabbit liver tissue homogenate and proteolytic enzyme. The degree of degradation was affected by heating temperature.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.139-143
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• 2020

This study investigated the disinfection effect of monopersulfate (MPS) compound against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) by bioassay using kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicas). A WSSV stock was prepared with muscle homogenate from WSSV-infected whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) and its lethal dose 50% endpoint (LD50) and infectious dose 50% endpoint (SID50) were respectively determined as 10-5.63 and 10-6.79 in bioassay using kuruma shrimp, followed by PCR assays. The disinfective effect of MPS compound (1.2 ppm, 2.4 ppm, 4.8 ppm) was performed by bioassay using about 10-fold higher dilution (10-4) of WSSV homogenate. The compound resulted in WSSV inactivation by a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, 4.8 ppm of MPS completely prohibited WSSV infection. To our knowledge, this study is the first report about the usefulness of MPS as a disinfectant to WSSV.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.143-148
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• 1998

마비성 패류독(Paralytic Shellfish Poison, PSP)에 의하여 독화된 패류의 유효이용에 대한 자료를 제공하고자 독화된 진주담치의 중장선 균질육, 0.1N HCI로 추출한 조독소 용액, 중장선으로부터 정제한 gonyautoxin(GTX) group 과 saxitoxin(STX) group 등 4가지 형태의 PSP 독소에 대한 내열성을 조사하였다. 독화된 진주담치의 중장선육 균지액, 산추출 조독소액, GTX group, STX group, STX group 등 4종류의 반응속도 상수는 $120^{\circ}C$에서 $3.28{\times}10^{-2},\;1.20{\times}10^{-2},\;5.88{\times}10^{-2},\;2.58{\times}10^{-2}$이었으며 4종류의 독소 중 0.1 N HCl로 추출한 조독소용액의 D-value가 가장 높았다. 반응속도 상수를 이용한 살균 온도 산정에 있어서, 최초 독력이 $200\;\mu\textrm{g}/100g$인 독화된 진주 담치육의 경우, 독력을 마비성 패류독 규제치인 $80\;\mu\textrm{g}/100g$으로 감소시키는데는 $90^{\circ}C$에서는 약 129분, $100^{\circ}C$에서는 약 82분, $110^{\circ}C$에서는 약 48분, $120^{\circ}C$에서는 약 28분 걸렸다. 이러한 결과는 최초 독력이 $200\;\mu\textrm{g}/100g$인 패류의 경우, 통조림 살균공정 후 잔존 독력이 규제치인 $80\;\mu\textrm{g}/100g$ 이하로 감소시키는 데에는 현재의 살균조건($115^{\circ}C$, 70분) 으로는 충분하다는 것을 입증한다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.34-38
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• 2004

전통 발효 식품인 김치가 젖산균 함량이 높고 락트산, 아세트산 등의 유기산이 함유되어 있으며 이산화탄소와 수소 등의 가스를 생성하는 다양한 젖산균류가 살아있는 특성을 활용해서 김치와 빵을 배합하여 햄버거용 김치빵을 제조한 후 그 물성과 관능적 특성을 조사하고 기능성 제빵 제품으로서 상용화를 시도하고자 하였다. 김치 파쇄물을 첨가하지 않은 반죽의 pH는 5.58이었으나 7% 첨가구의 경우는 5.30, 14% 첨가구는 5.24, 21% 첨가구는 5.19로서 김치 첨가율이 높을수록 pH는 낮아졌으며 산도는 pH와는 반대로 높아지는 결과를 보였다. 굽기 손실율은 대조구에 비해 김치 첨가량이 증가할수록 10.90%, 8.73%, 6.55%, 5.45%로 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. Loaf volume index는 김치 파쇄물을 첨가한 빵이 대조구에 비해 큰 것으로 나타났으며 7% 첨가시는 5.4%, 14% 첨가시는 10.8%, 21% 첨가시는 17.2% 증대되어 김치 첨가율이 높아질수록 빵의 부피가 뚜렷하게 증대되는 결과를 나타내었다. 빵의 hardness는 김치 파쇄물을 첨가하여 제조한 것이 낮은 결과로 나타났으며 7% 첨가구는 대조구 경도의 80.6%, 14% 첨가구는 56.9%, 21% 첨가구는 51.3%를 나타내었다. 빵의 cohesiveness는 김치 파쇄물의 첨가율이 7∼l4%일 경우는 증가한 반면 21% 첨가구의 경우에는 오히려 대조구보다 감소하였다. 빵의 springiness도 cohesiveness와 동일한 경향을 나타내었으나 gumminess는 첨가율의 증대에 따라 다소 감소하였으며 brittleness도 비슷한 감소결과로 나타났다. 김치빵의 외관은 김치 첨가구가 대조구에 비해 다소 높았으며 14∼21% 첨가구가 높았다. Crust 색상에 대한 기호도는 대조구가 가장 높은 값을 나타내었으며 내부조직의 색상은 14∼21% 첨가구가 기호도가 높았다. 맛에 대한 기호도는 14>21>7>0% 순이었으며 조직감은 21>14>7>0%의 기호도를, 향미에 대한 기호도는 14>21>7>0%첨가구의 순으로 맛에 대한 기호도와 같은 경향을 나타내었다. 종합적인 기호도는 14>21>7>0%순으로 14% 첨가구에서 가장 높은 것으로 평가되었다. 이상의 여러 결과에서 김치 파쇄물을 14%첨가한 구에서 물성 및 관능적 품질특성이 가장 우수한 결과를 나타내었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2009

아연 고함유 효모 S. cerevisiae FF-10의 항산화능을 검토하기 위하여 DPPH 전자 공여능, linoleic acid을 이용한 ferric thiocyanate법과 TBA법에 의한 과산화지질 생성 정도 및 흰쥐 간 조직 생체막을 이용한 TBARS법에 의한 과산화지질 생성 정도를 측정하였다. 본 실험은 효모 생육배지인 YM 기본배지와 아연 생산량을 증대시키는 YM 최적배지에서 각각 배양된 S. cerevisiae FF-10의 세포 파쇄액의 항산화 활성을 비교하였다. DPPH 전자 공여능은 양성 대조구로 사용한 BHT에서 가장 높았고, YM 기본배지 보다는 YM 최적배지에서 배양된 FF-10 세포 파쇄액에서 항산화 활성이 높게 나타났다. 간 조직 생체막 과산화지질 생성 정도는 BHT > 최적 생산배지 > 기본배지 순으로 저해되었다. Linoleic acid를 이용한 과산화지질 생성정도는 음성 대조구에서 반응 1일째부터 급격히 증가한 후 반응종료일까지 계속 그 수준이 유지되었고, 양성 대조구인 BHT 처리구에서는 과산화지질 생성이 억제되어 높은 항산화활성이 확인되었으며, YM 기본배지 보다는 YM 최적배지에서 높은 과산화지질 생성 저해활성을 보였다. 이상의 결과에서 in vitro 항산화 실험계인 DPPH radical scavenging activity, 간 조직 생체막과 linolic acid 지방산을 이용한 ferric thiocyanate and TBARS 측정에서 항산화 활성은 양성 대조구인 BHT 보다는 낮았으나 최적배지에서 배양된 아연 고함유 효모 S. cerevisiae FF-10 균주의 세포 파쇄액에서 모두 높게 나타나 in vivo 항산화 실험계에서도 확인이 필요한 것으로 사료되어 진다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.189-195
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• 2005

본 연구는 모델시스템과 가열우육에서 옻나무 추출물의 항산화 효과를 구명함으로서 육제품에 이용 가능성을 검토하고자 실시하였다. DPPH에 대한 소거력$(\%)$은 옻나무 에탄올 추출물을 1, 10, 100, 1,000 ppm으로 증가시킴에 따라 14.79, 75.08, 82.02, $83.97\%$로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 옻나무 에탄올 추출물(10 ppm)을 liposome과 육균질물에 첨가하면 대조구보다 높은 항산화 효과를 나타냈으며, 단독 첨가보다 $\alpha-tocopherol$(2 ppm) 혼용 첨가가 억제율이 증가되었다. 육균질물은 pH 6.0에서, liposome은 pH $5.0\~6.0$에서 최대 산화 억제율을 보였다. 또한 옻나무 열수 추출물의 첨가로 인해 가열 우육의 냉장저장 중 TBARS와 POV가 대조구보다 낮은 수준으로 유지되었으며(p<0.05), 소금을 첨가하여 산화를 촉진시켰어도 강력한 항산화 효과를 나타내었다. 따라서 육제품 제조 시 옻나무 추출물이 천연 항산화제로서 이용 가능성이 있다고 판단된다.