• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.5-25
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• 1991

This study was conducted from July to December 1990, in order to diagnose nurses' educational need for home care. The study subjects consisted of 145 nursing educators, and the 3 groups of nurses, namely 250 senior nursing students of diploma and collegiate program, 235 health center nurses, 521 university' hospital nurses in Seoul. Four types of questionaires were formulated by Delphi method. Two questionaires for the nursing educators were designed to measure their expectations of nurses' knowledge and of their skill for home care, and another two questionaires for the nurses to measure their actual home care knowledge and skill. The results of the study were as follows : 1) The mean scores of educators' expectation for home care knowledge were 17.68 for the care of dependence on medical equipment, 17.44 for the care of mobility impairment patient, 16.56 for the care of cardiopulmonary impairment patient, 16.40 for the care of nutrition and elimination impairment patient, '1.20 for the care of psychiatric disorder patient and 9.03 for the care of cancer and terminally ill patient,. 2) The mean scores of nurses' home care knowledge tested by 20 items were 14.36 for the care of mobility impairment patient, 13.28 for the c8;re of dependence on medical equipment, 13.78 for the care of cardiopulmonary impairment patient, 12.92 for the care of nutrition and elimination impairment patient, and those of tested by 10 items were 7.08 for the care of psychologic disorder patient, 7.80 for the care of cancer and terminally ill patient. The sum of means marked 69.23. As for the nurses' home care knowledge categorized by tasks in terms of the group, significant difference were shown in the care of mobility impairment(P=0.00), cancer and terminally ill(P=0.03), nutrition and elimination impairment(P=0.00) and psychologic disorder patient(P=0.00). No significant difference were shown in the care of dependence on medical equipment and cardiopulmonary impairment patient. 3) Regard to educational need of nurses' home care knowledge categorized by task according to the group it was found that all sampled nurses had educational need in the care of mobility impairment, dependence on medical equipment, cardiopulmonary impairment, cancer and terminally ill patient. It was found that health center nurses had educational need in the care of psychologic disorder. No educational need were found in the health center nurses whose career less than 2 years, in the care of mobility impairment, cardiopulmonary impairment and psychologic disorder patient, and in those of career with 2-5 year in the care of psychologic disorder patient. No educational need were found in the hospital nurses whose career more than 15 years, in the care of cardiopulmonary impairment patient and in those of career with 11-15 year, in the care of cancer and terminally ill patient. 4) The mean scores of educators' expectation for home care skill measured by Likert 5 points scale were 4. 21 for assessing, 4.49 for planning, 4.29 for basic care, 4.42 for curative care, 4.40 for rehabilitative care, 4.36 for emergency care, 4.53 for medication, 4.31 for nutritional care, 4.32 for other means for care, and 4.38 for evaluation. 5) Regard to nurses' home care skill measured by Likert 5 points scale of self evaluation, there was a significant difference between the nurses' home care skill and group(P=0.00l). The higher scores reported by students were vital sign checking and basic care while the scores of below medium were curative care and emergency care. The higher scores reported by health center nurses were vital sign checking, other means for care and care of specimen while the scores below medium were curative, emergency and nutritional care. The higher scores reported by hospital nurses were vital sign checking, care of specimen and basic care, while the score below medium was emergency care. 6) Regard to educational need of nurses' home care skill by nursing process activity according to the group it was found that health center nurses had educational need in all nursing skills including vital sign checking, care of specimen, health assessment, socioeconomic assessment, nursing diagnosis, care plan, basic care, curative care, rehabiitative care, psychological care, emergency care, medication, nutritional care, other means for care and evaluation. And students had educational need in all nursing skills except vital sign checking, and hospital nurses had educational need in all nursing skills except vital sign checking, care of specimen and basic care. 7) In short, the result of this study suggests that the curriculum should be organized in accordence with nurses' educational background and their career for the education of nurses for home care. It should be considered to develop the short term educational program focused on curative and rehabilitative care for health center nurse or community health nurse practitioner and which was focused on family care for hospital nurse. Concerning about this field practice for home care nurse, they are required not only community practice but also . clinical practice including emergency, curative and rehabilitative care.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.39-57
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• 2000

This study was conducted to identify the current situation of home care nursing research and to propose future research in the area of home care nursing in Korea. The design was a retrospective descriptive study based on 171 studies. The studies were collected from nursing academic magazines, the national library web site and dissertations on home care. The data were classified according to the independent and dependent variables which were represented in the research title. The final category classification was defined by considering the research objectives and content as found in the 171 studies. Eight categories were created to describe the results of home care nursing research in Korea. They included: home care needs. home care services. home care costs. development of home care programs and equipment. management of home care services. effectiveness of home care services, development of an educational curriculum for home care, and recognition of home care services. Based on our research we have identified other future research areas that need to be developed such as community needs assessment, standards and guidelines for home care nursing, quality assurance and quality improvement for controlling home care quality, home care informatics. and a system of home care cost and ethics.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.25-37
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• 2001

Spinal cord injury patients need rehabilitation after the acute stage. They should be cared for at home to decrease hospitalization. Home care nurses play an important role in making spinal cord injury patients who have physical. and psychosocial problems do their best. For effective care, home care nurses need standardized nursing intervention protocols for spinal cord injury patients, but they are rarely developed. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop home care nursing protocols, based on NIC, that are applicable to spinal cord injury patients at home. Forty home care nursing charts of spinal cord injury patients registered in a home care nursing agency from July 1st, 1994 to August 31st, 1999 in S city were analyzed. Fifteen home care nurses participated in this study as a user validity validation group, The results of this study are as follows. 1. Fifteen nursing diagnoses were classified through the frequency analysis of home care nursing charts and previous literature for 40 spinal cord injury patients: altered urinary elimination, constipation, high risk for impaired skin integrity, chronic pain, impaired skin integrity, impaired social interaction, knowledge deficit, bowel incontinence, high risk for injury, altered role performance, care giver role strain, impaired physical mobility, sexual dysfunction, dysreflexia, and ineffective breathing pattern. 2. Based on validation by experts and user validities, 93 nursing interventions which were above ICV(Index of Content Validity) .80 were chosen. 3. Nursing intervention protocols which showed above ICV .80 were developed.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.157-166
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• 2008

This study was conducted with whole home care nurses nationwide to provide secondary analyzed data to understand on their usage of medical equipments and their need of them for a month. This study found that treatments given by home care nurses were nelaton catheterization, bladder washing/urethral washing, newborn care, exchange and care for nasogastric tube and suction in that order of frequency. Second, instruments and equipments used for home care were reported to be stethoscope, patient monitor, blood pressure measuring equipment, air flotation mattresses, beds for patients, mattresses, suctioning device sets, enteral feeding equipment and dressing set in that oder of frequency. Moreover, need assessment of medical instruments and equipments showed renal dialysis was most needed and patient monitor, blood pressure measuring equipment, enteral feeding equipment, solution and other supplies for renal dialysis and beds for patient were necessary in that order. In conclusion, the results of this study investigating special treatments and medical instruments and equipments used for home care patients and analyzing patients' need, were expected to be useful for expansion of application of long-term care insurance for the elderly and health insurance as well as for quality control of home care and development of medial instruments and equipments used at home.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2008

Purpose: We analyzed the need for home care services and awareness of U-healthcare in nurses of the Catholic Parish Home Care Center to link the ubiquitous health care system and the home care. Methods: We recruited 46 nurses from a home care center in the catholic parish of the C medical center from April 4th to June 8th, 2007. Results: The highest needs were 'assessment and diagnosis of the problem', 'management of hypertension & diabetes patients', 'counseling of the patient', and 'counseling of major caregiver and family problems'. Therapeutic nursing showed the highest needs in bedsore care. Nurses want hospital medical records available through the ubiquitous health care system. Conclusion: Home care services are supported from the agency, with high needs in assessing and diagnosing the problem, counseling, and managing of hypertension & diabetes patients. Education and public relations efforts on the U-healthcare system should improve system awareness.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.148-157
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to provide the basic data for developing a program for effective intervention for home health care need of postpartum mothers and newborn babies. The subjects were 104 women. The data were collected from march, 2003 to June, using a 81 item questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS program for frequency, Mean, ANOVA. The results were as follow. 1. The mean of care needs of newborn babies was higher than that of physical demand of Postpartum mothers. The mean of physical demand of Postpartum mothers was $3.99\pm.42$. The mean of care needs of newborn babies was $4.11\pm.50$. 2. The most highest mean of physical demand of Postpartum mothers was wound care for caesarean section and episiotomy($4.53\pm.66$), and then breast engorgement care($4.38\pm.71$). The most highest mean of care needs of newborn babies was emergency care methods($4.58\pm.52$), and then infection control $4.51\pm.56$). 3. 66.3% of postpartum mothers positively desired consultation hospitals centered home care need during postpartial periods. 4. Influential variables of home health care need was postpartial periods. they wanted the first week after delivery, more freqently visiting of home care nurse. 37.5% of postpatial mothers wanted visiting within 1 weeks after delivery. 31.7% wanted 2 times/week. In conclusion, it is necessary to study to make a program in nursing of home health care for postpartum mothers, and to keep on studying repeatedly in order to raise the number of objects and to find related variables.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.409-418
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the costs and benefits of home nursing care services between public health centers (PHC) and private hospitals. Method: Participants were 105 patients who had received home nursing care services from a private hospital or public health center. From a societal perspective, the researcher identified the costs and benefits of the services using performance data and calculated the net benefit and benefit/cost ratio. Result: The net benefit of the home nursing care service based in the PHC was 165.9 million won and benefit/cost ratio was 2.0, while the net benefit of the home nursing care services by the private hospital was 141.1 million won and benefit/cost ratio was 1.7. Both types of programs were economically validated. Conclusion: Home nursing care services were basically efficient as the results showed a positive net benefit. A cost-benefit analysis indicated that the PHC-based home nursing care services were more efficient than that of the private hospital. With limited human resources and management standards in public health centers, results suggest the need for a more systematic management of the home nursing care service to improve the health of this vulnerable community population.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.582-588
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• 2001

Purpose : This study is to examine the characteristics of the elderly and their family caregivers. to study the main factors affecting Nursing Home utilization, and to help frame a policy about Nursing Home's demand. management and welfare facilities. Method: Data for this present study were collected via questionnaires randomly distributed to family caregivers of the over 60-year-old patients at general hospital and university hospital in Seoul. Kyung-Ki Do and In-Chon from 26 June to 20 July, 2000. Questionnaires were issued to 512 people and 479 were returned. The data was analyzed by frequency, $x^2$-test, t-test, ANOVA. factor analysis. correlation coefficients analysis and Stepwise multiple regression analysis using SPSS 9.0. Result First. Instrumental Activities of Daily Living(IADL), duration of hospitalization, sex, marital status, behavior problems, home ownership, and cognitive disorder about elderly patients affect family caregivers burden. one of need factors. Secondly, marital status. religion. health status, sex, education and age in the family caregiver predisposing factors are main factors on Nursing Home utilization. Third, in need factors, care burden. time burden, family relation burden, physical burden and mental burden have an effect on Nursing Home utilization. Finally, the model the most important factors that affect Nursing Home utilization is composed of six of eleven totally, care burden, religion, time burden, health status, marital status and education. When the family caregivers get care burden and time burden. are highly educated, have no religion, have health problems, and have no spouse, it is possibility for them to utilize Nursing Homes. Conclusion: The government should decrease a family caregivers burden and seek to find how to support Nursing Homes. Furthermore. Social support program for the family caregivers should be required. Thus, the family caregivers need consultation and need to meet to talk about their patients. how to care them, get information, which are the crucial field in advancing the research in nursing science.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.26-38
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to estimate home care nursing cost for the patient with Cerebrovascular Disease based on a bundle of home care nursing services This study was conducted through four steps. The first step was to investigate home care nursing activities that were offered to the patient with Cerebrovascular Disease(CD) by home care nurse. The second step was to investigate the time spent on home care nursing service and to calculate labor and manufacturing cost. The third step was to calculate home care nursing cost per minute. And at the fourth step, home care nursing cost for a patient with Cerebrovascular Disease based on a bundle of home care nursing service was calculated. The results of the study were as follows: 1) The number of direct home care nursing activities for the patient with CD was 108, and the time of each activity was spent from 1 to 10 minutes. 2) Average time per visit was 51 minute, and the firs visit time were spent 1.6 times higher than 2nd visit time. 3) Nursing cost per minute(cost per visit ${\\}\;22,565\;\div\;$ average time per visit 51 minutes) was ${\\}\;442$. The cost per visit was calculated on Basic visiting cost(nurse's labor cost ${\\}\;15,760$ + management cost ${\\}\;6,805$) divided by average time per visit(51 minutes). 4) Home care nursing cost to the patient with CD based on bundle of home care nursing service was consisted of basic home care nursing cost, the cost of a bundle of service practiced on visit. and transportation fee. Basic home nursing cost(the time spent on basic home nursing service 20 minutes ${\times}$ nursing cost per minute ${\\}\;442$) was ${\\}\;8,840$. The cost of the bundle of home care nursing services to the patient with CD was calculated as self care ${\\}\;2.898$, Tracheostomy care ${\\}\;10,166$, immobility care ${\\}\;6,188$, sore care ${\\}\;6,188$. Foley care ${\\}\;6,630$, and Levin tube or Gastrostomy care ${\\}\;7.514$. Transportation fee which was composed of the labor cost for transportation(${\\}\;5,122$) and the car management cost(${\\}\;3.876$) was ${\\}\;8,998$. Home care nursing cost to the patient with CD based on bundle of home care nursing services consisted of basic home care nursing cost, the cost of a bundle of service practiced on visit, and transportation fee. It will contribute to improve quality of home care service, because of giving appreciate incentives to home care nurses. And it will be more efficient than current cost of hospital based home care. But it need to management than calculation of the current fee-for-services of home care.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.103-112
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develope nursing activities record to improve home care nursing for postpartum women following a Cesarean section and newborns. Method: This study for instrument development had three phases: first, selection of nursing activities according to intervention, second, validation of the preliminary home care nursing activities, and third. application of the home care nursing activities. The subjects for validaton were 137 home care nurses and clinical nurses in department of maternity. Result: By Fehring's method, 116 nursing activities according to 19 interventions were included in the preliminary nursing activities record. Among them, 51 critical nursing activities and 65 supporting nursing activities were chosen. During the final process of validation, 121 nursing activities were included. Conclusion: In order to have systemic standardization of this record forms, replication and application in the various home nursing area is need in the future.