• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.101-107
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• 1999

Background : In order to improve the quality of life of dying patients, they need to receive not only the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual care, but also systematic and continuous care to die with dignity. However, no adequate medical services are available for these terminal cancer patients. We studied their behavior patterns of health care utilization to understand more of their medical and social needs. Methods : We investigated 108 bereaved families through the telephone interview with structured questionnaires. They were randomly selected through the retrospective chart review of the terminal patients who passed away due to cancer. Results : Most of the terminal cancer patients received their care from proper medical services including admission to hospital (45.4%), outpatient clinic (22.2%), emergency room (16.7%), and oriental medicine (12.0%). But during the terminal phase of their illness, 32.4% of patients never received medical care including oriental medicine, and 28.7% received alterative natural care. 26 bereaved families (24.1%) pointed out the indifference of medical staff as a problem receiving proper hospital care, and 22 (20.4%) emphasized emotional strain of their helplessness with the patients' suffering as a problem of caring at home. Over 90% suggested availability of continuous care, hospice care, home care, and 24 hour telephone service to be improved. Conclusions : Due to various reasons, adequate medical care is not delivered to the terminal cancer patients in our present medical system. These problems can be approached with the establishment of proper education and medical delivery system. The role of comprehensive medical specialty cannot be overly emphasized to accomplish this most effectively.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.15-41
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• 2001

Since medical clients and the community they live in are expected to be center of future public health and medical care system, new service programs must be developed with patients focused on in line with widening public access of information and social participation. Patients- focused service shall mean the area- oriented provision of public health service. In this study, health officers working at public health centers, public health sub- centers and medical offices in Jeonbuk- do area were taken for population in order to investigate their attitudes toward and knowledge about the service area assigning system under the public health programs. Findings from the survey to 260 health officers, divided by general category, are as follows : Government officers at public health organizations appeared to have high grade of understanding to the service area assigning system and also great appreciation for the necessity of it. Regarding the timing for the system to be introduced, they support the gradual implementation and, as for the type of service to be provided, they preferred home nursing and treatment of chronic diseases. Highly positive responses were centered on the health classes under the health promotion projects, and as far as health projects for the old are concerned, services for home nursing, for the disabled and for home- alone people are favored most. On the other hand, budgeting, manpower and reorganization are rated as prerequisite to establishment of the service area assigning system. From the viewpoint of system side, the improvement of working conditions is rendered as most urgent, while the information system for establishing the service area assigning system is conceived far from satisfactory. Proper assignment of specialists was noted as mostly important to establish the delivery system for medical service through the service area assigning system by team. As merits of the service area assigning system, it is pointed out that, through the system, health clients can better be managed and the nursing quality will be improved thank to the enhanced specialization. It is also perceived that the district health service is not well prepared to respond to the increased and diversified needs of community people and, furthermore, service programs of health centers have not been fully developed. The most serious problem standing in the way to expansion of health projects is, it is noted, uniformity (formality) of the project. Based on the results of the survey which suggest time has ripen to introduce the service area assigning system, following strategies are proposed to anchor down the system as soon as possible: First, we should introduce the system gradually, starting from the area selected, and in consideration of area specialities, refraining from the hitherto stereotyped way of providing health service. Second, we should seek to properly assign the specialists and improve the working conditions of the assigned officers by securing sufficient budget, since it is a most urgent step to lay foundation for the service area assigning system. Third, best service program should be developed to meet the satisfaction of community people by responding to their needs and solidifying the management of medical clients. Fourth, wide scope of study should further be conducted in order to help this system take roots in the central living of community residents since pilot project on the experimental base attended by specialists only can not win popularity among the masses.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.52-67
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• 2007

Korean government is preparing the long-term care financing and delivery system in order to cope with rapid population aging. The system should be designed to provide demented patients with an appropriate services that the patients want to take, and considered to be necessary for them. In this regard, this study aims to analyse empirically a relationship between the types of long-term care services that demented patients wanted to take and they actually received during 2004. The caregivers of 609 dementia patients, who were randomly selected in a manner of proportional allocation from a nationwide claim database of the Korean National Health Insurance Corporation, were interviewed in September, 2005. Independent variables include socio-demographic characteristics, Activities of Daily Living(ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living(IADL). To explore the correspondence of the types of long-term care services that demented patients wanted to take and that they actually received, and its affecting factors, we conducted chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Main findings are as follows. First, while only 20% of study subjects wanted home services as a long-term care services, those who wanted to use the long-term care facilities and general hospital were 37%, 43% respectively. Second, the correspondence rate was just 38% on average, and extremely low in the demented patients who wanted to use long-term care facilities. Third, the demented patients who resided in urban areas and received relatively high level of education showed high correspondence rate. Fourth, the high ADL score was closely related to low correspondence rate.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.515-530
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• 1996

A descriptive study was conducted to describe the content of nursing interventions and incoming telephone calls from the parents whose child was discharged to home or who has planned immunization during the period from March 15, 1995 to November 30, 1995. Detailed notes on 145 telephone calls and 243 nursing interventions were recorded by head nurses on pediatiric nursing units were entered to data collection and content analysis. The results of the study are as follows : 1. Six analysis categories for the records on incoming telephone calls were identified judgement-dependence, dependent -coping, self-initiated coping, support, adjustment and intermediation need. 2. Five analytic categories for the records on telephone interventions were identified : guidance, mediation, facilitating self -care abilities, support, instrumental use. 3. Problems related to physical signs and symptoms, medication, immunization, and vital signs were most often cited as concerns by parents and caregivers. 4. Instruction, suggestion, provision knowledge and information, reassurance related to physical problems, medication, immunization and clinic visits were most often used as an nursing interventions by head nurses on pediatric nursing units. In spite of the fact that the telephone calls were initiated by the parents, dependency of parents during the telephone calls was remarkable. The dependency of parents on judgement and decision making of the pediatric nurses should be understood in terms of the psychosocial content as well as cultural characteristics. Therefore, it is suppested that telephone interventions focus on facilitating the self-care ability of the parents whose children have chronic conditions. The results of this study will be useful as an essential reference in providing effective for children and their families after discharged from the hospital. The results can also be used as reliable data for extended pediatric nursing service in the health care delivery system as well as for the development of telephone intervention service program in responding to the current health care environment.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.886-892
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• 2010

It is possible to use wireless communication any time in every place because of well-developed wireless networks and mobile devices. The AVL(Automatic Vehicle Location) system, therefore, has made practical use in situation control, distribution industry, home delivery service, and ITS(Intelligent Transportation System) area. In this paper, we design and implement an AVL system in order to use for fire fighting activities such as emergency rescue and relief. To do this, first, we investigate and analyze the existing researches and systems related to AVL system. In details, we develop an AVL server and clients to support stable communication each other using wireless networks. Using AVL system, calling cars find the position of accidents quickly and the fire defense headquarters control unforeseen accidents efficiently because the state of calling cars are confirmed in real time by their GPS data.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.356-369
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• 2024

Objectives: The objective of this study was to explore healthcare providers' experiences in managing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its impact on healthcare services. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted with 34 healthcare professionals across 15 districts in Bangladesh. Among the participants, 24 were health managers or administrators stationed at the district or upazila (sub-district) level, and 10 were clinicians providing care to patients with COVID-19. The telephone interviews were conducted in Bangla, audio-recorded, transcribed, and then translated into English. Data were analyzed thematically. Results: Most interviewees identified a range of issues within the health system. These included unpreparedness, challenges in segregating COVID-19 patients, maintaining isolation and home quarantine, a scarcity of intensive care unit beds, and ensuring continuity of service for non-COVID-19 patients. The limited availability of personal protective equipment, a shortage of human resources, and logistical challenges, such as obtaining COVID-19 tests, were frequently cited as barriers to managing the pandemic. Additionally, changes in the behavior of health service seekers, particularly increased aggression, were reported. The primary motivating factor for healthcare providers was the willingness to continue providing health services, rather than financial incentives. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic presented a unique set of challenges for health systems, while also providing valuable lessons in managing a public health crisis. To effectively address future health crises, it is crucial to resolve a myriad of issues within the health system, including the inequitable distribution of human resources and logistical challenges.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.57-95
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• 1972

This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of service by maternity aids concerning maternal and child health in improving simultaneously infant mortality, contraception and vital registration among expectant mothers in rural Korea, where there is less apportunity for maternal and child health care. It is unrealistic to expect to solve this problem in rural Korea through professional persons considering the situation of medical facilities and the socioeconomic condition of residents. So, we intended to adopt a system of services by maternity aids who were educated formally among indigenous women. After the women were trained in maternal and child health, contraception, and registration for a short period, they were assigned as a maternity aids to each village to help with various activities concerning maternal and child health, for example, registration of pregnant women, home visiting to check for complications, supplying of delivery kits, attendance at delivery, persuasion of contraception, and invitation for registration and so on. Mean-while, four researchers called on the maternity aids to collect materials concerning vital events, maternal child health, contraception and registration, and to give further instruction and supervision as the program proceeded. A. Changes of women's attitude by services of maternity aid. Now, we examined to what extent' such a service system to expectant mothers affected a change in attitude of women residing in the study area as compared to women of the control area. 1) In the birth and death places, there were no changes between last and present infants, in study or control area. 2) In regard to attendants at delivery, there were no changes except for a small percentage of attendance (8%) by maternity aid in study area. But, I expect that more maternity sids could be used as attendants at delivery if they would be trained further and if there was more explanation to the residents about such a service. 3) Considering the rate of utilization of sterilized delivery kit, I am sure that more than 90 percent would be used if the delivery kit were supplied in the proper time. There were significant differences in rates between the study and the control areas. 4) Taking into consideration the utilization rate of the clinic for prenatal care and well baby care, if suck facilities were installed, it would probably be well utilized. 5) In the contraception, the rate of approval was as high as 89 percent in study area as compared to 82 percent in the control area. 6) Considering the rate of pre-and post-partum acceptance on contraception were as much as 70 percent or more, if motivation to use contraception was given to them adequately, the government could reach the goals for family planning as planned. 7) In the vital registration, the rate of birth registration in the study area was some what improved compared to that of the control area, while the rate of death registration was not changed at all. Taking into account the fact that the rate of confirmation of vital events by maternity aids was remarkably high, if the registration system changed to a 'notification' system instead of formal registration ststem, it would be improved significantly compared to present system. B. Effect of the project Thus, with changes in the residents' attitude, was there a reduction in the infant death rate? 1) It is very difficult problem to compare the mortality of infants between last and present infants, because many women don't want to answer accurately about their dead children especially the infants that died within a few days after birth. In this study the data of present death comes from the maternity aides who followed up every pregnancy they had recorded to see what had happened. They seem to have very reliable information on what happened in first few weeks with follow up visitits to check out later changes. From these calculaton, when we compared the rate of infant death between last and present infant, there was remarkable reduction of death rate for present infant compare to that of last children, namely, the former was 30, while the latter 42. The figure is the lowest rate that I have ever heard. As the quality of data we could assess by comparing the causes of death. In the current death rate by communicable disease was much lower compare to the last child especially, tetanus cases and pneumonia. 2) Next, how many respondents used contraception after birth because of frequent contact with the maternity aid. In the registered cases, the respondents showed a tendency to practice contraception at an earlier age and with a small number of children. In a comparison of the rate of contraception between the study and the control area, the rate in the former was significantly higher than that of the latter. What is more, the proportion favoring smaller numbers of children and younger women rose in the study area as compared to the control area. 3) Regarding vital registration, though the rate of registration was gradually improved by efforts of maternity aid, it would be better to change the registration system. 4) In the crude birth rate, the rate in the study area was 22.2 while in the control area was 26.5. Natural increase rate showed 15.4 in the study area, while control area was 19.1. 5) In assessment of the efficiency of the maternity aids judging by the cost-effect viewpoint, the workers in the Medium area seemed to be more efficiency than those of other areas.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.43 no.5 s.347
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• pp.7-16
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• 2006

IPTV is referred to the service which provide integrated IPTV services for providing video, 10/100-Mbit/sec Internet, voice, video-on-demand (VOD), and other broadband applications including home security, video conferencing, and telemedicine. All services are integrated into an IP (Internet Protocol) architecture designed specifically for Gigabit Ethernet FTTH systems, HFC or xDLC. It is absolutely necessary that telecon operators provide IP video delivery platforms that enable service providers to transform their business. With their own products, they can better manage their existing services and generate new revenues from broadcast TV, movies on demand and multimedia. Triple-play is a combination of broadcast, telephony and broadband services offered through IPTV networks. With cable operators allowed to offer a triple-play bundle, the nation's telecom operators are beginning to get a little anxious. Cable operators assert that triple-play is a must-have and natural extension of the cable service bundle. The Korean Cable TV Association asserts that the triple-play model is of paramount importance to the cable industry's future growth. But the telecom sector considers itself unfairly disadvantaged, saying they cannot compete until regulatory issues are resolved. The start of web-based television in Korea may still be some time off with a confrontation between the nation's IT regulator and broadcasting sector over the service's legal boundaries shows no signs of being resolved my time soon. korea should be is the fastest-growing provider of IPTV solutions in the industry, with over worldwide customers.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.91-101
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• 1999

The home nursing care system is an integral part of the health care delivery system in order to meet the various needs of consummer, in particular, early discharge patient from the hospital, patient with long term care needed and the elderly. To find out the cost of home nursing care services, the home nursing care records of patients registered by home nursing care units established in public hospital with 150beds during the period of 1996 - 1997 were analyzed. The subjects were 102patients, 45 of male patients and 57 of female patients, those who live in a rural area in Kymiggi - Do The results obtained are as follows : 1. The male patients accounted for 44.1% of the total, with 45cases : group aged 60 years and more was the largest group, accounting for 79.5%. 2. The most frequent disease revealed was the osteoporosis which constitute 35.3% of the total registered patients, followed, in order, by malignant tumor, cerebrovascular disease. 3. It revealed that the cost per visit for the male was 47,764won ; the female, 46,078 won per visit. Noteworthy the cost per visit was high in the older patient. It was clearly that the gender, years of age and the cost per visit were statistically significant at 0.01 level and 0.05 level. 4. The cost per visit for the non complicated disease was slightly higher than the complicated disease, but it is not statistically significant, the cost per visit by type of disease varied, the cost per visit for COPD was the highest, followed, in order, by in malignant tumor, cancer, diabetes, osteoporosis etc. 5. It revealed that home nursing care cost for a eligible disease for home nursing care was less than the cost for hospitalization of the same disease, therefore, we expect that the home nursing care is cost efficiency. In conclusion, the home nursing care costs are needed to analyze further in comparison with the hospitalization costs for a certain disease.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.18 no.2 s.40
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• pp.47-62
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• 2006

This research was conducted to find out price change of education service. Consumer Price Index annual series data in Korea National Statistical office from 1990 to 2004 were used for analysis. First, education price indexes showed an average annual increase of 7.3% during the last 15 years (1990-2004), marking the highest increase among items in the CPI basket. The average annual increase in tuition fees and other fees, expenditure classes of education price. has been 7.5% and 6.0%, respectively. Secondly, an average increase in tuition fees for two-year college was higher, followed by tuition fees for kindergarten, private four-year college, national four-year college and secondary schools. An average increase in primary school textbook costs was higher in the category of 'other fees' followed by junior high school textbook costs, junior high school supplementary book costs and home delivery supplementary book costs Thirdly, there were no differences in price changes of secondary school textbooks, junior high school supplementary books, high school supplementary books among 16 locations. An average increase in after-school education (selective subjects) for college entrance examination was higher in Gwangju but lower in Seoul, compared with other cities. An average of 7% difference was seen annually among regions. When the year 2000 was considered as 100, the most significant gains were seen in Kwangju at 80% and Gangwon at 57%. An increase in after-school education (all subjects) for college entrance examination was higher in South Cholla Province but lower in North Gyeongsang Province. An increase in after-school education (all subjects) for college entrance examination was higher in South Cholla Province but lower in North Gyeongsang Province. An average of 7% difference was seen annually in the annual increase. When the year 2000 was considered 100, most significant increase was seen in Busan and South Gyeongsang Province at 37% and Jeju Island at 34%.