• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.20-22
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• 1986

최근 holonic path, holonic management, holonic innovation이라는 용어가 눈에띄게 되었다. holonic, 이 단어는 영어사전을 들쳐도 발견이 쉽지 않다. 그 까닭은 이 단어가 holon이라는 어구에서 유래된 것이며, 영국의 작가이자 과학평론가였던 아터 (Arthur) 게스토가 만든 조어이기 때문이다. Hungary 태생인 Arthur는 Wien 대학공학부 에서 물리학을 공부한후, 영국에 귀화, 4 년전 1982년 부인과 같이 자살을 하여 화제를 일으킨 유명한 소설가이자 과학평론가이다. holon이라는 조어가 처음 사용된 것은 그의 저서<기계속의 유령>에서 인데, 그는 그의 저서에서 holon의 어원을 다음과 같이 설명하고 있다. 이라고. 그래서 holon이라는 단어는 그리스어 <전체>를 뜻하는 holois와 개체 또는 부분을 뜻하는 on을 합성시켜 만든 조어 라는 것이다. 최근의 신어 영어사전을 보면 holon보다 큰 전체의 일부를 구성하는 완전체, 또는 자율적인 존재(실체), 윤곽이 확실한 존재 (물)라고 풀이되고 있다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1994년도 Proceedings of the Korea Automatic Control Conference, 9th (KACC) ; Taejeon, Korea; 17-20 Oct. 1994
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• pp.498-503
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• 1994

The paper demonstrates that holon networks can be used effectively for identification of nonlinear dynamical systems. The emphasis of the paper is on modeling of complicated systems which have a great deal of uncertainty and unknown interactions between their elements and parameters. The concept of applying a quantitative model building, for example, to environmental or ecological systems is not new. In a previous paper we presented a holon network model as an another alternative to quantitative modeling. Holon networks have a hierarchical construction where each level of hierarchy consists of networks with reciprocal actions among their elements. The networks are able to evolve by self-organizing their structure and adapt their parameters to environments. This was achieved by an autonomous decentralized adaptation algorithm. In this paper we propose a new emergent evolution algorithm. In this algorithm the initial holon networks consists of only a few elements and it grows gradually with each new observation in order to fit their function to the environment. Some examples show that this algorithm can lead to a network structure which has sufficient flexibility and adapts well to the environment.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.133-157
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• 2012

This paper aims to propose the strategy making in social enterprise for ensuring organizational sustainability and governance of social enterprise from systems thinking's perspective. Based on previous reviews on organizational sustainability and theories of governance currently advocated in the social enterprise literature, we use 'Holon Dynamics' approach, which is a synthesis of System Dynamics and Soft Systems Methodology (SSM), offers the problem-solving method for dealing with social contexts and "ill-defined" situations. To do so, a researcher carried out the interpretive action research using 'Holon Dynamics' approach from September, 2009 to August, 2010. The outcomes of research are summarized as follows. Firstly, systems methodologies are useful to offer a strategic choice that makes to achieve an organizational sustainability in the case of Korean social enterprise; 'the Rediscovery of Korea'. Secondly, systems thinking offers an alternative concept of system, which is known as an 'appreciative system' that is evolved from the mental constructs amongst participants in given situations. Lastly, the paper delineates the usefulness of systems thinking and the process of inquiry, which deal with social contexts (including cultural and political factors), are contributed to making the necessary conditions for organizational legitimacy and the appropriate strategic choice for social enterprise within combined functioning of the two roles of social and commercial activities from systemic perspectives.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.289-295
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• 2014

Flow cytometric immunophenotyping of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets is a powerful tool for evaluating cellular immunity and monitoring immune-mediated diseases. The numbers and proportions of blood lymphocyte subsets are influenced by factors such as gender, age, ethnicity, and lifestyle. This study aimed to establish reference ranges for peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in a healthy Korean population. Blood samples from 294 healthy adults were collected. Lymphocyte subsets were analyzed using a single-platform method with a flow cytometer; white blood cells and lymphocytes were analyzed using an automated hematology analyzer. The mean value of the white blood cell count was $5,665cells/{\mu}l$, and the mean values of the subtype counts (percentages) were as follows: lymphocytes, $1,928cells/{\mu}l$ (35.08%); $CD3^+$ cells, $1,305cells/{\mu}l$ (67.53%); $CD3^+CD4^+$ cells, $787cells/{\mu}l$ (40.55%); $CD3^+CD8^+$ cells, $479cells/{\mu}l$ (25.23%); $CD3^-CD19^+$ cells, $203cells/{\mu}l$ (10.43%); and $CD3^-CD56^+$ cells, $300cells/{\mu}l$ (15.63%). Additionally, the $CD4^+/CD8^+$ ratio was 1.81. In this study, gender and age significantly influenced blood lymphocyte subsets. Our results demonstrate that, as with other populations, a healthy Korean population has its own, region-specific, lymphocyte subset reference ranges.

• 수완나부미
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.141-155
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• 2020

How might historians secure for the river a larger berth in the recent macro-historical turn? This question cannot find a greater niche than in the emerging critique of the existing spatial configuration of regionalism in mainland Southeastern Asia. The Brahmaputra, Irrawaddy, Salween, Mekong and Yangtze rivers spread out like a necklace around Yunnan and cut across parts of the territories that are known as South, Southeast and East Asia. Each of these rivers has a different topography and fluvial itinerary, giving rise to different political, economic and cultural trajectories. Yet these rivers together form a connected "water-world". These rivers engendered conversations between multi-agentive mobility and large-scale place-making and were at the heart of inter-Asian engagements and integration until the formal end of the European empires. Being both a subject and a sponsor of transregional crossings, the paper argues, these rivers point to the need for a new historical approach that registers the connections between parts of the Southeast Asian massif through to the expansive plain land and the vast coastal rim of the Bay of Bengal and the China Seas. A connection that could be framed through the concept of Holon.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.92-98
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• 2000

Modern manufacturing systems should cope with the frequent changes in a product model and disturbances in manufacturing process. The control system of such systems must cover a constant adaptation and high flexibility. Holonic Flexible Manufacturing Cell(HFMC) is introduced to handle these issues more successfully. It is based on the concept of autonomous co-operating agent, called 'Holon', which is a building block of a manufacturing system for transforming, transporting, storing and/or validating information and physical objects. In this paper the basic structure of the HFMC is represented by using Unified Modeling Language and Open architecture cell controller is developed for effective integration components of a manufacturing system. Also a new control model, called MuLOM(Multi-Layered Operation Model), is suggested to represent the control behaviour for a holonic flexible manufacturing cell control system.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.50-54
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• 1997

맥반석 (Holon Killer Sand, Letsoken, Nikko Co.)의 성분분석 및 그 추출물의 항균활성을 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 실험에 사용한 맥반석의 무기질 조성은 아연(Zn)이 가장 많이 함유되어 있었으나 인체에 유해성 무기성분은 함유되어 있지 않았다. 항균활성 실험에서 24시간 배양한 세균의 활성은 Bacillus subtilis가 가장 크게 나타났으며, 다음은 Stapylococcus aureus순이었고, Stapylococcus mutans는 항균력이 거의 없었다. 또한 각 세균에 대한 추출물 농도별 항균활성은 추출물의 농도에 따라 강한 항균활성을 나타내었다. 한편 수삼 부패균을 분류하여 이에 대한 맥반석 추출물의 항균활성을 측정한 결과 수삼 부패균에 대하여 맥반석 추출물은 항균활성이 인정되었다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2000

The concept of Holon was suggested by A. Koestler in his paper(1967) "The Ghost in the Machine." It became one of the central concept of the Intelligent Manufacturing System. In this paper, a new system concept: Holonic Weapon System was introduced. HWS has the advantages of the holonic system and the system integration technique so that the future unmanned combat system should consider this concept.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.56-61
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• 2004

In order to image the distribution of permeability in granitic rocks, we carried out two-dimensional (2D) resistivity profiling, together with in-situ permeability tests, electrical logging of boreholes, and resistivity measurements of rock core samples in a laboratory. Based on the electrical logging and in-situ permeability data from boreholes, we obtained empirical equations which relate resistivity and permeability of the granitic rocks in the area studied. We then applied the empirical equation to a 2D resistivity section, to produce a 2D permeability section of the granitic rocks. In this paper, we present details of the field data and of the procedure for conversion from the resistivity section to a permeability section. The observed relationship between resistivity and permeability of the rocks is also discussed.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제32집
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• pp.137-173
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• 2019

현대과학자들은 우주라는 복잡계(複雜界)에서 질서의 기본 단위 즉 프랙털(fractal)의 원리를 찾으려고 애쓰고 있다. 프랙털은 수학이나 물리학에서 주로 사용하는 용어이지만, 어떤 궁극적 실재가 다면적 양상을 나타내는 이유를 설명하는 원리로서 적합하다. 프랙털은 이미 과학계에서는 상용화된 원리로서 컴퓨터 그래픽 분야에 널리 응용된다. 본고에서는 프랙털의 원리를 활용하여 대순사상에서 궁극적 실재가 구현되는 양상을 밝힌다. 대순사상에는 도, 상제, 신(신명), 무극, 태극, 천지 등 다양한 궁극적 실재들이 등장하는데, 이들 개념은 서로 회통한다. 즉 궁극적 실재가 프랙털 원리에 의해 구현된다는 사실을 밝힘으로써 궁극적 실재들의 일치ㆍ회통은 현대과학에 의해 뒷받침되고 있음을 밝힌다. 그러나 전(全)세계의 주류 종교들을 인격신교와 비(非)인격신교로 나누었을 때, 대부분의 종교들은 궁극적 실재를 초월적이며 인격적인 존재로 상정하고 있으며, 이들은 신과 인간의 관계를 프랙털[음양 프랙털, 홀론]의 관계로 상정할 수 없다. 또한 궁극적 실재를 내재적이며 비인격적인 존재로 상정하는 종교들도 홀론의 실현 정도-모든 부분과 전체의 되먹힘-에는 다소 차이를 보이고 있는데, 대순사상은 가장 직접적으로 신(신명)과 인간이 음양 프랙털의 관계임을 명시하고 있다. 즉 "신(신명)은 음(陰), 인간은 양(陽)", "인간이 곧 신적(神的) 존재"라는 것이다. 나아가 대순사상에서는 이 궁극적 실재를 다양한 관점에서 여러 가지 개념으로 제시하고 있으며, 이들이 회통할 수 있음을 밝히고 있다. 이렇듯, 우주를 홀론(홀라키)으로 파악하는 관점은 영원철학의 핵심 요지(要旨)이기도 하다. 세계의 위대한 영적 스승들, 사상가들, 철학자들, 과학자들이 채택한 보편적인 종교관 즉 영원철학에 따르면 궁극적 실재는 서로 일치하며, 인간과 신은 서로 다르지 않다. 바꿔 말해 대순사상에 나타난 궁극적 실재론의 진리성은 현대 과학과 영원철학에 의해 뒷받침 된다.