• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.137-152
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• 2018

Hofstede cultural value model is one of the most influential model for cross-cultural studies to measure national difference. In this study, we examine that Hofstede Cultural Dimensions can be measured by World Value Surveys. Selected WVS questions for 31 measurable countries after Exploratory Factor Analysis(EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA), approved valid through empirical analysis. It is applicable that Individualism values(IND) has related to 2 questionnaires including life satisfaction, Power Distance values(PDI) to 2 questionnaires about political action(Signing a petition and Joining in boycotts), Masculinity values(MAS) to 2 sexual-role questionnaires like "University is more important for a boy than for a girl", Uncertainty Avoidance values (UAI) to 3 questionnaires about confidence(Parliament, The Political parties and Justice System), Long-Term Oriented values(LTO) to 4 questionnaires including "How proud of nationality" and Indulgence versus Restraints values (IVR)to 2 questionnaires including Feeling of Happiness.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.131-148
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• 2011

Our work empirically investigates the cultural differences of Social Networking Service (SNS) users in China, Korea and U.S. We construct a survey questionnaire from existing literature and test it for reliability, validity, and model fit. Then we collect data and validate the cultural differences of SNS users in three nations. Our results show different rankings from existing literature in cultural dimensions about three nations. In terms of masculinity, we find China > U.S. > Korea, similar to Hofstede. In individualism, we find U.S. > Korea > China, different from Hofstede (U.S. > China > Korea). In power distance, it is shown that Korea > China > U.S., different from Hofstede (China > Korea > U.S.). Uncertainty avoidance is found that U.S. > Korea > China, lowered ranking of Korea from the top among three nations in Hofstede. We find that these outcomes would be useful in updating national culture of the three nations and for future research about cultural impacts on SNS adoption.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제50권9호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2013

빠르게 일어나는 기술의 발전과 그 안에 내재된 문화적 현상을 결합하려는 시도를 문화 컴퓨팅, 문화 모델링이라 한다. 본 논문에서는 문화 모델링 연구 추세를 기반으로 문화 사용자 인터페이스 디자인, 특히 그 중에서도 콘텐츠를 중심으로 한 문화 기반 디자인 구조를 설명한다. 문화에 기반한 콘텐츠를 디자인하기 위해서는 콘텐츠의 문화적 특성을 도출하는 구조가 필요하다. 이를 위해 Hofstede의 문화 차원 모델과 콘텐츠 데이터를 결합하여, 콘텐츠 중심의 문화 차원 지수(CiCo) 구조를 새롭게 제안한다. 또한 도출한 CiCo와 국가별 콘텐츠 선호 패턴을 결합하여 국가별 콘텐츠 문화 차원 지수인 NiCC를 도출한다. 제안하는 CiCo와 NiCC는 기존의 Hofstede 모델에 기반하였으되, 기존 모델 대비 약 10% 개선된 설명력을 갖는다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.343-359
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• 2014

국가간 무역규모와 방향을 결정하는 요인은 무엇일까. 요소부존의 차이에 입각한 헥셔올린류의 비교 우위이론에서부터 최근의 불완전경쟁모델에 이르는 생산측면의 설명만으로는 충분하지 않다. 생산측면 만이 아니라 수요측면을 연구하는 미시경제학의 응용분야로서 국제무역학도 수요측면에 대한 연구가 강화되어야 한다. 한류에 대한 연구 등에서 알 수 있듯이 국제무역도 상품의 가격과 기능만이 아니라 상품의 속성(attributes)도 함께 거래되고 있기 때문이다. 이 연구는 이러한 질문에서부터 출발한다. 우리는 수요측면의 차이를 나타내는 지표로서 문화적 차이에 주목한다. 문화적 차이 중에서도 언어, 종교 등 외형 보다는 문화의 본질적인 차이를 제시하고 있는 Hofstede의 5가지 문화지표(cultural index)를 이용하여 문화가 국제 무역에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지 실증 분석한다. 이 연구는 기존 연구들과 다음과 같이 차이가 있다. 첫째, 기존 연구들이 Hofstede의 일부 지표를 사용한 것과 달리 장기지향성 지표까지 포함한 Hofstede의 모든 지표를 망라하여 연구하였다. 둘째, OECD 국가는 물론 중국까지 포함하여 명실상부하게 세계 주요 무역국의 최신 2010년 데이타을 대상으로 분석한다. 셋째, 글로벌화를 촉진시키는 새로운 문화 매개체인 국제IT지수를 설명변수에 포함하였다. 분석결과는 문화적 차이가 국제무역에 영향을 주는 것을 확인해 주고 있다. 이 연구는 학술적인 기여 이외에도 비용측면의 무역 촉진뿐만 아니라 문화적 차이를 줄이기 위한 문화 교류 등 노력도 활발하게 추진되어야 한다는 정책적 시사점도 제시하고 있다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.106-127
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• 2017

Most countries have their own culture that presents different types of behaviour. The employees' specific ways of working, according to each country, influence its organisation, thus cultural differences have become an essential issue in operating management. Therefore, this study explored how the different cultures based on Hofstede's paradigm interact within the specific Korean context. This study examined how cultural related HRM practices were enacted in the Korean hotel industry, how the frameworks of Hofstede's model impact the employee outcomes, including the concept of organisational justice. This study followed a quantitative approach which relied on a positivist paradigm to evaluate the different HRM practices at hotel workplaces with the view of employees. This study gathered a survey on 601 hotel employees in the deluxe sector. The analysis of quantitative data was undertaken using SPSS version 23.0 software and AMOS 23.0 to achieve the research aim for the study. This study contributes new findings to the research literature. The results of this study showed how Confucianism also plays a predominant role in understanding Korean culture, more than the Hofstede's original four dimensions of culture.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.193-210
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• 2013

China has emerged as the world's factory since the economic reform in 1987, and the Chinese economy has been growing at a rapid pace. Now, China is considered as one of the biggest markets in the world. Thus, many Korean IT service companies including open market operators have interests in expanding their business into China. However, to be successful in Chinese online shopping market, Korean open market operators should check the cultural differences between the online shoppers in Korea and China at first, Under this background, this study proposes the factors affecting user satisfaction in open market services based on the revised Delone and McLean model. Then, it investigates the differences in the effects of these factors across Korea and China. For empirical analysis, we collected the survey data from open market users in both countries, and applied multiple regression analysis to the data. As a result, we found significant differences between Korean and Chinese open market users. Also, we found that most of these differences could be explained using Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions theory. The findings of this paper imply that Korean and Chinese users may respond differently to IT services, though Korea and China are geographically close and share a similar cultural background.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.171-184
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• 2012

We suggest that cultural differences among nations should have a significant impact upon the exports of Korean broadcasting contents due to the fact that production and consumption of the contents are influenced by their own cultural aspects. Based on Hofstede's cultural dimensions frequently cited in the literature, we perform empirical analysis to identify the impact of cultural dimensions upon the export amounts by investigating four-year export data of Korean broadcasting industry. In our research model, Hofstede's cultural dimensions and GDP per capita are independent variables and a genre of broadcasting contents is used as a moderating variable. We find in our analysis that three cultural dimensions such as individualism, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity significantly affect the export amount but do not find the impact of power distance.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.37-55
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• 2010

Digital content piracy has been shown to be an emerging societal problem, However, Studies on digital content piracy are very limited. In this paper, we try to find whether Theory of Planned Behavior(TPB) can explain the online digital content piracy in China. In addition to the finding of TPB's usefulness, We also examine the cross-cultural differences between Korea and China in behavior towards online digital content piracy. we argue that cultural factors moderate the strength of the relationships in the TPB model in online digital content piracy. we use a theoretical model of behavior based on the framework of the TPB( Theory of Planned Behavior) and Hofstede's national cultural dimensions. Our results indicate that the general TPB(Theory of Planned Behavior) model of software piracy is broadly applicable to digital content piracy in China. Our findings also show that most of the hypothesized moderating effects of national cultural factors were found to be significant.

• 한국경영정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영정보학회 2007년도 International Conference
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• pp.415-420
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• 2007

Diffusion of information and communication technologies is a global phenomenon. In spite of rapid globalization there are considerable differences between nations in terms of the adoption and usage of new technologies. Several studies exploring causal factors including national cultures of information and communication technology adoption have been carried out. The focus of this paper is slightly different from other studies in this area. Rather than concentrating on the individual information technology the cyber diplomacy is the focus. This research conducted an analysis of the impact national culture has on adoption of the cyber diplomacy and its components for 95 countries. The national cultural dimensions were identified using Hofstede's model of cultural differences. The research model and hypotheses were formed and tested using correlation and regression analysis. The findings indicate that worldwide cyber diplomacy adoption is related to national culture. The result has theoretical and practical implications.

• 한국경영정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영정보학회 2007년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.565-570
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• 2007

With e-commerce becoming international, understanding the effects of national culture in consumer acceptance of e-commerce is required. This study examines consumer e-commerce acceptance in Korea and China. The research model consisting of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, trust and perceived risk was proposed, and the hypotheses based on Hofstede's cultural dimensions of power distance, individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation, were established. The results show that perceived usefulness contributes less to consumer acceptance of e-commerce in China than it does in Korea. In addition, perceived ease of use contributes more to consumer acceptance of e-commerce in China. Trust contributes significantly to consumer acceptance of e-commerce in both countries, but perceived risk didn't influence consumer acceptance of e-commerce in either country. The contribution of this study is to provide strategic insights for successfully managing cross-cultural e-commerce.