• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.218-224
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• 1990

This study was made to observe changes in hemograms of the Sarcoma-180 mouse treated with extracts of Poria cocos and Panax ginseng. The life span of the Sarcoma-180 mouse administered with the mixture of the extract of Panax ginseng with the extract of P. cocos and the extract of P. cocos was extended more than the non-treated group. In the body weight of the Sarcoma-180 mouse, the non-treated group was increased more than the normal group and the groups administered with the mixture of ginseng extract with hoelen extract and hoelen extract. In the numbers of white blood cell especially lymphocyte, the groups administered with the mixture of ginseng extract with hoelen extract and hoelen extract were similar to the normal group, but the non-treated group was decreased. The Hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin in the mice infected with Sarcoma-180 were not significantly different between the group treated with extracts of them and the non-treated group. In the distributions and sizes of white blood cell and platelet in the mice, the group administered with the Hoelen extract was similar to the normal group comparing to the non-treated group.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.65-78
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• 1975

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.364-372
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• 2000

The Youngkaechulgamtang(Y) is composed of four herbal drugs, including Hoelen(H), Cinnamomi Ramulus(C), Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba(A) and Glycyrrhizae Radix(G). In oriental medicine literatures, Youngkaechulgamtang is described to be effective in headache, inflammation, uremia, gastritis, diarrhea, hypertension. To estimate the clinical effectiveness of Youngkaechulgamtang, several pharmacological experiments were carried out. The results are summarized as follows: On $HgCl_2-induced$ renal failure rat, Youngkaechulgamtang showed the significant increase of $Na^+,\;K^+,\;Cl^-$ contents in urine and the significant decrease of creatinine and BUN concentrations in serum. Youngkaechulgamtang was more effective than mixture of 4 ingredients in the urine volume and excretion of electrolytes. In the diuretic effect, Hoelen and Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba were more effective than other drugs.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.65-74
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study is evaluating the effect of Hoelen Herbal-acupuncture (HO-HA) at $KI_{10}$(Umgok) on Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) induced nephritis in rats. Methods : The experimental rats were assigned to four groups; normal, LPS, saline, HO-HA groups. LPS(2 mg/kg) was administered to the rats in LPS, saline and HO-HA groups to induce acute inflammatory kidney damage. Saline injection and HO-HA were administered at $KI_{10}$ three times a week. Blood samples were taken from the rats for analysis of white blood cell(WBC), neutrophil, blood urea nitrogen(BUN), creatinine TNF-${\alpha}$, CINC-1. Urine samples were taken from the rats for analysis of urinal volume, creatinine and total protein. The kidney samples were taken from the rats for analysis of renal myeloperoxIdase(MPO). Results : HO-HA suppressed the increases of WBC and neutrophils in blood, BUN, creatinine, TNF-${\alpha}$ and CINC-1 in serum, and MPO in kidney of LPS-stimulated rats. In addition, HO-HA inhibited the decrease of urinary volume in LPS-stimulated rats. Conclusions : HO-HA has therapeutic effects on LPS-induced inflammatory kidney damage in rats. Further studies may be needed for clinical use of HO-HA.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.463-468
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• 2007

Chong Myung Tang is consisted of three medicinal herbs (Acori Graminei Rhizoma, Polygalae Radix and Hoelen cum Radix). It has been used as a medicine for the purpose of learning and memory improvement. In this paper, Chong Myung Tang was screened the biological activities for Alzheimer's disease. The extract (70% ethanol) of Acari Graminei Rhizoma (1 mg/ml) showed that acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and amyloid beta ($A{\beta}$) peptide aggregation inhibitory potency are 43.1% and 76.5%, respectively. The extract of Polygalae Radix showed inhibitory activity against $A{\beta}_{1-42}$ peptide aggregation (51.5%). To predict the drug-likeness, oral absorption ability; blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetraion rate, mutagenecity and carcinogenicity; in silico screening was performed against 16 compounds in the three medicinal herbs. According to the results, all compounds have appropriate chemical structures as medicines. The six compounds in Acori Graminei Rhizoma and the five compounds in Hoelen cum Radix showed excellent oral absorption rate and BBB penetration rate. The four compounds in Polygalae Radix showed excellent oral absorption rate, but their BBB penetration was presented low rate. And, the extract of Hoelen cum Radix didn't show AChE and $A{\beta}_{1-42}$ peptide aggregation inhibitory activities in vitro. Therefore, their activity in brain may be other mechanism. According to all of the results, in silico prediction technology is convenient and effective to determine biological active compounds in medicinal herbs.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.43-48
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• 2015

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the memory enhancing properties of extract of Hoelen Cum Radix (HCR) and its possible mechanism in mice of normal condition. Methods : We evaluated the effects of HCR on cognitive function and memory enhancement in normal mice. Male ICR mice were orally administrated with HCR 100 mg/kg for 7 days and equal volume of saline was administrated to the control group in the same condition. We conducted two behavioral tests which measure the spatial working memory (Y-maze test) and cognitive fear memory (passive avoidance test). We also investigated whether HCR affects the hippocampal neurogenesis in the brain. To assess the effects of HCR on neural progenitor cell differentiation and neurite outgrowth in the early stage of hippocampal neurogenesis, we performed doublecortin (DCX), a direct neurogenesis marker, immunohistochemical analysis in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the mouse hippocampus. Results : HCR significantly enhanced memory and cognitive function as determined by the Y-maze test (p<0.05) and passive avoidance test (p<0.001). Moreover, HCR increased DCX positive cells (p<0.01) and neurite length (p<0.01) compared to the control group. These results indicated that HCR stimulates differentiation of neural progenitor cells and promotes neurite outgrowth in hippocampal DG of the mice. Conclusion : We concluded that HCR shows memory enhancing effects through the stimulation of hippocampal neurogenesis as a consequence of accelerated neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth in the DG of the hippocampus after HCR treatment.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.99-102
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• 1978

Several kinds of medicinal plants are used as diuretics in folk medicines and oriental drugs. The diuretic action of water extracts of the ten kinds of crude drugs, such as Pachyma hoelen $R_{UMPHIUS}$ Zea mays L., Akebia quinata $D_{ECAISNE}$, Alisma orientale Juzepezuk, Atractylodes koreana $N_{AKAI}$, phytolacca americana L., Achyranthes japo-nica $N_{AKAI}$, Juncus decipiens $N_{AKAI}$, Prunella asiatica $N_{AKAI}$ and Artemisia capillaris $T_{HUNBERG}$ was examined in mouse and compared with aminophylline as a control the following results were obtained. The urine volume was found to be remarkably increased by the Pachyma hoelen RUMPHIUS, Phytolacca americana L., Prunella asiatica $N_{AKAI}$ and Artemisia capillaris $T_{HUNBERG}$, moderately increased by the Akebia quinata $D_{ECAISNE}$, Achyranthes japonica $N_{AKAI}$ and Juncus decipiens $N_{AKAI}$, and slightly increased by Zea mays $L_{ENNE}$, Alisma orientale $J_{UZFPEZUK}$ and Atractylodes koreana $N_{AKAI}$.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.314-320
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• 2014

This study was investigated to know whether pachymic acid (PA), one of the predominant triterpenoids in Poria cocos (Hoelen) has the sedative-hypnotic effects, and underlying mechanisms are mediated via ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic systems. Oral administration of PA markedly suppressed locomotion activity in mice. This compound also prolonged sleeping time, and reduced sleep latency showing synergic effects with muscimol (0.2 mg/kg) in shortening sleep onset and enhancing sleep time induced by pentobarbital, both at the hypnotic (40 mg/kg) and sub-hypnotic (28 mg/kg) doses. Additionally, PA elevated intracellular chloride levels in hypothalamic primary cultured neuronal cells of rats. Moreover, Western blotting quantitative results showed that PA increased the amount of protein level expression of $GAD_{65/67}$ over a broader range of doses. PA increased ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-subunits protein levels, but decreased ${\gamma}$-subunit protein levels in $GABA_A$ receptors. The present experiment provides evidence for the hypnotic effects as PA enhanced pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors via $GABA_A$-ergic mechanisms in rodents. Taken together, it is proposed that PA may be useful for the treatment of sleep disturbed subjects with insomnia.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.14-30
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• 2013

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate whether the effects of extract from Saengkankunbi-tang and its composition that Artimisiae capillaris Herba, Crataegi Fructus, Alismatis Rhizoma, Hoelen and Raphani Semen could protect HepG2 cells from palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity through lysosomal and mitochondrial pathways in an in vitro model. Methods : To examine the effects of the extracts from Saengkankunbi-tang and its composition that Artimisiae capillaris Herba, Crataegi Fructus, Alismatis Rhizoma, Hoelen and Raphani Semen on palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity in HepG2 cells, we measured the contents of cell viability, cytotoxicity. Then to investigate the effects of the extract from Saengkankunbi-tang, Artimisiae capillaris Herba and Raphani Semen, we measured that triglyceride, reactive oxygen species, ATP levels, glutathione levels, cytochrome c and cathepsin B. Results : The extracts from Saengkankunbi-tang and its composition had a cell-protective function. The extracts from Saengkankunbi-tang, Artimisiae capillaris Herba and Raphani Semen controlled triglyceride over-accumulation in cells and reduced overproduction of reactive oxygen species. The extracts from Saengkankunbi-tang and Raphani Semen increased ATP and glutathione levels which had been decreased by lipotoxicity. The extracts from Saengkankunbi-tang, Artimisiae capillaris Herba and Raphani Semen reduced leakage of cytochrome c and the extracts from Saengkankunbi-tang and Raphani Semen reduced leakage of cathepsin B in lipotoxicity. Conclusions : These results show that the extracts from Saengkankunbi-tang and its composition that Artimisiae capillaris Herba and Raphani Semen have cell protective effects on palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity through lysosomal and mitochondrial pathways.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1365-1380
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• 2007

Based on the theories and clinical data of oriental medicine, traditional medicinal prescriptions known to be effective to diabetic nephropathy were collected. The prescriptions were carefully examined and analyzed in order to be used as fundamental material for experiments and in clinicals. More than 40 publications related to diabetes were arranged and analyzed. Of the complications, diabetic nephropathy part of the publications were specifically focused during analysis. Data were analyzed and classified according to the quantity, prescription, differentiation of symptoms, signs and addition and subtraction of each medicine. Frequently used medicines were statistically analyzed. The most frequently used prescription was Yukmigihwang-tang(六味地黃湯) based medicine and prescriptions of its addition and subtraction, which was 15% of the total prescriptions cited. The most frequently used medicine was Astragali Radix, mentioned 192 times in the prescriptions. Hoelen was next with 180 citations, followed by Dioscoreae Rhizoma with 147 times, Rehmanniae Radix with 140, Corni Fructus with 131, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix with 106, Angelicae Gigantis Radix with 101, Alismatis Rhizoma with 95, Rhei Rhizoma with 90, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba with 84, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata with 78, Leonuri Herba with 74, Moutan Cortex Radicis with 66, Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix with 66 Cnidii Rhizoma with 65, Pseudostellaria heterophylla with 62, Liriopis Tuber with 55, Lycii Fructus with 52, Rhei Rhizoma with 49, Codonopsis Pilosulae Radix with 44, Paeoniae Radix Rubra with 44, Schisandrae Fructus with 42, Polyporus with 42, Achyranthis Radix with 41 and Euryales Semen with 40. Medicines prescribed more than 30 grams a day included Astragali Radix, Imperatae Rhizoma, Benincasae Pericarpium, Leonuri Herba, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Plantaginis Semen, Polyporus, Hoelen, Halloysitum Rubrum, Achyranthis Radix, Arecae Pericarpium, Phaseoli Angularis Semen, Coicis Semen, Rhei Rhizoma, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Sargassum, Ostreae Concha, Pseudostellaria heterophylla, Epimedii Herba, Rehmanniae Radix, Scrophulariae Radix and Polygonati Rhizoma. No scientific reports on the traditional medicinal aspects of diabetic nephropathy was searched. This analysis report would be able to provide the basis of developing new drug candidates for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, as well as securing the EBM for the traditional medicines already being prescribed to the patients.