• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.37-40
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• 2008

Nephrotic syndrome is a relatively rare complication of malignancy. A few cases of nephrotic syndrome accompanying Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia and other malignancies have been reported since the first case of the nephrotic syndrome associated with extrarenal malignancy was reported in 1922. Hodgkin's disease and solid tumors are known to be the most common malignancies accompanying nephrotic syndrome. The pathologic findings of kidney in patients with Hodgkin's disease commonly show minimal change nephropathy. Membranous glomerulonephropathy is the most common pathologic feature in patients with solid tumors. Although membranous glomerulonephropathy related to small cell lung cancer has rarely been reported in Korea, minimal change nephropathy accompanying small cell lung cancer has never been reported. We present here a case of a 70 year-old male with minimal change nephropathy that was related to small cell lung cancer. We detected small cell lung cancer during the diagnosis work-up of nephrotic syndrome. We suggest that nephrotic syndrome can be a manifestation of underlying malignancy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.78 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2015

An 18-year-old woman was evaluated for a chronic productive cough and dyspnea. She was subsequently diagnosed with mediastinal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). A covered self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) was implanted to relieve narrowing in for both main bronchi. The NHL went into complete remission after six chemotherapy cycles, but atelectasis developed in the left lower lobe 18 months after SEMS insertion. The left main bronchus was completely occluded by granulation tissue. However, the right main bronchus and intermedius bronchus were patent. Granulation tissue was observed adjacent to the SEMS. The granulation tissue and the SEMS were excised, and a silicone stent was successfully implanted using a rigid bronchoscope. SEMS is advantageous owing to its easy implantation, but there are considerable potential complications such as severe reactive granulation, stent rupture, and ventilation failure in serious cases. Therefore, SEMS should be avoided whenever possible in patients with benign airway disease. This case highlights that SEMS implantation should be avoided even in malignant airway obstruction cases if the underlying malignancy is curable.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 2015

Progressive transformation of germinal centers(PTGC) is a rare benign lymph node enlargement characterized by chronic lymphadenopathy and the presence of germinal centers with fused and expanded mantles within a lymph node that are 3-5 times the size of a typical reactive follicle. Although PTGC is reported in 3.5-10% of chronic lymphadenopathy, head and neck surgeons do not often experience this condition and its clinical implications. Althoug PTGC is benign disease, it could not be excluded the association with other malignant lymphoid diseases. Therefore, periodic follow up of PTGC patient could be required. We report two cases at this study ; a 16 years old man who visited out-patient clinic due to palpable mass of right cervical area, several months ago, and a 35 years old man who visited out-patient clinic for evaluating right cervical mass. Both of two patients were diagnosed with PTGC. In this study, we focus on the clinic-pathologic features of this uncommon disease along with other literature reviews.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3555-3560
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• 2012

The tumour lysis syndrome (TLS) is a group of metabolic abnormalities caused by rapid and unexpected release of cellular components into the circulation as a result of massive destruction of rapidly proliferating malignant cells. It usually develops in patients with hematologic malignancies like acute lymphoid leukemia, non-Hodgkin and Burkitt's lymphoma after initiation of chemotherapy or may, rarely, occur spontaneously. Though TLS is seldom observed in relation to solid tumours, there have been reports of connections with examples such as lung, liver, breast, gastric carcinomas. The clinical manifestations of TLS include hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia. These indications if untreated lead to life-threatening complications such as acute renal failure, cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, and eventually death due to multiorgan failure. Therefore early detection of TLS is of vital importance. This can be accomplished by identification of high risk patients, implementation of suitable prophylactic measures andmonitoring of the electrolyte levels in patients undergoing chemotherapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8149-8153
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• 2016

An oncopathological state assessment was conducted among adults, children and teenagers in Aktobe region for 2004-2013. Overall the burden of mortality was in the range of 94.8-100.2 per 100,000 population, without any obvious trend over time. Ranking by pathology, the highest incidences among women were registered for breast cancer (5.8-8.4), cervix uteri (2.9-4.6), ovary (2.4-3.6) and corpus uteri, stomach, esophagus, without any marked change over time except for a slight rise in cervical cancer rates. In males, the first place in rank was trachea, bronchus and lung, followed by stomach and esophagus, which are followed by bladder, lymphoid and hematopoietic tissues pathology. Agian no clear trends were apparent over time. In children, main localizations in cancer incidence blood (acute lymphocytic leukemia, lymphosarcoma, acute myeloid leukemia, Hodgkin's disease), brain and central nervous system, bones and articular cartilages, kidneys, and eye and it's appendages, in both sexes. Similarly, in young adults, the major percentage was in blood and lymphatic tissues (acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease) a significant percentage accruing to lymphosarcoma, lymphoma, other myeloid leukemia and hematological malignancies as well as tumors of brain and central nervous system, bones and articular cartilages. This initial survey provides the basis for more detailed investigation of cancer epidemiology in Aktobe, Kazakhstan.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.566-570
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• 2005

Primary pulmonary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) account for 0.4% of all types of lymphoma. Most cases are of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type, low grade B-cell lymphoma, but cases of the T-cell type are rare. The radiological findings frequently show hilar or mediastinal lymphadenopathy, but lung parenchymal involvement is uncommon. Here, a case of a patient, who presented with fever, generalized erythema, diffuse pulmonary infiltration and pleural effusion, diagnosed as a peripheral T-cell lymphoma, is reported.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.6
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• pp.1613-1618
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• 2021

Primary central nervous system lymphoma is a rare form of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and primary T-cell lymphoma of the cauda equina is extremely rare. We describe a case involving a 56-year-old female who presented with low back pain and radiating leg pain for 4 months. MRI of the lumbar spine revealed an elongated, multinodular intradural lesion of approximately 10 cm from the L4 body to the S2 body level with iso-signal intensity on T1-weighted imaging, heterogeneous iso- and high-signal intensity on T2-weighted imaging, and a heterogeneous intense enhancement on gadolinium contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging. A peripheral T-cell lymphoma of the cauda equina was diagnosed on the basis of immunohistochemical and T-cell receptor gamma gene rearrangement analysis after intradural biopsy of the mass.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.203-212
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• 2019

Objective: A total of five students at same middle school were reported to be diagnosed with pediatric leukemia (n=2), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL, n=1) and aplastic anemia (n=2) between 2016 and 2017. The aims of this study are to assess exposure to environmental hazardous agents known to be associated with the risk of leukemia and to examine whether the environment of school is associated with the risk leukemia. Method: A total of 11 environmental agents causing childhood leukemia were monitored using international certified method in schools where patients had ever attended. Radon & Thoron detector was used to monitor real-time airborne radon and thoron level ($Bq/m^3$). Clinician interviewed two among nine patients who agreed to participate in this study in order to examine the association of demographic and genetic factors by individually. Leukemia, NHL, and aplastic anemia were grouped into lymphohematopoietic disorder (LHP). Results: Except for airborne radon level, no environmental agents in school and household where patients may be exposed were found to higher than recommended airborne level. Clinical investigation found no individual factors that may be associated with the risk of LHP. Higher airborne radon level than Korea EPA's airborne radon criteria ($148Bq/m^3$) was monitored at most of several after-class room of one elementary school, where two leukemia patients graduated. Significant radon level was not monitored at class-room. Significant exposure to radon of patients was not estimated based on time-activity pattern. Conclusions: Our results have concluded that there have been no environmental factors in school and household environment that may be associated the risk of LHP.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 2002

Purpose : Tumor growth in a given neoplasm is the net result of cell proliferation and cell loss, and apoptosis is the most significant component of continuous cell loss in most tumors. In this study, we examined non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL, n=67) immunohistochemically for the presence of Bcl-2 oncoprotein and P53 protein and compared apoptotic indices (Als) and Ki-67 proliferative indices (percentages of Ki-67 positive cells). Materials and Methods : 67 patients with NHL were evaluated : 3 low-grade and 64 intermediate-grade. The phenotype was determined in 65 cases : 47 $(70\%)$ were B cell type and 18 $(27\%)$ were T ceil type. Als and Ki-67 proliferative indices were determined immunohistochemically and the overexpression of P53 and Bcl-2 protein were also evalutated. Results : The overexpressions of Bcl-2 protein and P53 protein were found in $40\%$ (26/65) and $31\%$ (20/65). The Al ranged from $0\%\;to\;15\%$ (mean 2.16, median 1.2). Cellular Bcl-2, which counteracts apoptosis, was significantly (p=0.005) associated with Als. Ki-67 proliferative indices ranged from $1\%\;to\;91\%$ (mean 55.4), and P53 was significantly (p=0.000) associated with Ki-67 proliferative indices. A positive correlation between Als and Ki-67 proliferative indices was revealed (p=0.012) in Bcl-2 positive patients. Conclusion : In NHL, we observed a correlation between Als and Bcl-2 expression, between Ki-67 proliferative indices and P53 expression, and between Als and Ki-67 proliferative indices in Bcl-2 positive patients. Our results suggest that cell apoptosis may be inseparable from cell proliferation during tumor growth.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.349-359
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• 1994

Purpose: The primary gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(GI-NHL) is the most common extranodal NHL. Surgery with postoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy was tried with some success, but proper management guidelines have not been estabilished in localized GI-NHL due to its rarity and the lack of randomized trials. So we designed this study to evaluate treatment results and the lack of randomized trials. So we designed this study to evaluate treatment results and prognostic factors in localized GI-NHL, and to assess proper treatment mdality after surgical resection accordig to risk factors by survival analysis. Method: Seventy three patients who received surgical resection due to localized GI-NHL from Jan. 1916 to Apr. 1991 were reviewed in this study. Prognostic factors were analyzed by multivariate analysis program including postoperative treatment methods, and treatment results were compared according to prognostic factors and treatment modalities. Results: Overall 5-year survival rate was 62.3%, for all patients. The 5-year survival rate was 80.0% for patients with stage I GI-NHL and 45.7% for those with stage II. Chemotherapy or not, stage and residuum or not after surgical resection were significant independent prognositic factors. Postoperative adjuvant treatments showed significant survival benefit. In patients with high risk factors such as stage II or residuum after surgical resection, postoperative combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy showed better survival than those treated with single modality. Conclusions: Chemothrapy or not, stage, and residuum or not were important prognostic factors of patients with localized GI-NHL after surgical resection. Either chemotherapy or radiation therapy alone after surgical resection is recommanded for patients without high risk factors(stage II or residuum after surgical resection) but the postoperative combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy seems to be beneficial for patients with high risk factors.