• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.41-57
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• 2008

목적 : 이 연구는 Vipera lebetina turanica의 사독약침액(蛇毒藥鍼液)(Snake venom toxin, SVT)이 인간 신경아세포종의 암세포주인 SK-N-MC 세포에서 암세포성장의 억제 및 그 기전에 대하여 살펴보고자 하였다. 방법 : SVT를 처리한 후 SK-N-MC의 성장억제를 관찰하기 위해 CCK-8 assay와 LDH assay를 시행하였고, apoptosis 평가에는 세포형태의 관찰과 DAPI, TUNEL, Annexin V-PI double staining assay 및 cell detachment assay를 시행하였다. 세포자멸사 관련 세포기전을 보기 위하여 세포주기, 세포내 칼슘량, 세포내 활성산소량 및 미토콘드리아의 세포막전위 변화를 측정하였고, DNA fragmentation assay를 시행하였으며, 세포자멸사 조절 단백인 Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, -9의 발현 변화 관찰에는 western blot analysis를 시행하였다. 결과 : SK-N-MC 세포에 SVT를 처리한 후, 신경아세포종 세포의 성장, Apoptosis의 유발 및 기전에 영향을 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. SVT를 처리한 SK-N-MC 세포 관찰에서 $20{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ SVT 처리가 암세포성장의 유의한 억제를 나타내었다. 세포독성 관찰에서 SVT처리는 처리하지 않은 것에 비하여 증가를 나타내었다. 2. 세포자멸사 평가에서 SVT를 처리한 SK-N-MC 세포는 세포자멸사의 특징적 형태를 나타내었다. TUNEL assay에서는 세포자멸사 활성세포가 미약하게 나타난 반면 cell detachment assay와 Annexin V-PI double staining에서는 각각 세포박리와 세포자멸사 활성세포의 유의한 증가를 나타내었다. 3. 세포자멸사 관련 세포기전연구에서 SVT를 처리한 SK-N-MC 세포의 세포주기, 세포내 칼슘량 및 DNA fragmentation에는 유의한 변화가 관찰되지 않은 반면 세포내 활성산소 양은 유의한 증가를 나타내었고, 그에 따른 미토콘드리아 세포막 전위의 유의한 변동이 관찰되었다. 4. SVT를 처리한 SK-N-MC는 세포자멸사 관련 단백 발현에서 caspase-9에 대해 유의한 증가를 나타내지 않았으나 Bax 및 caspase-3의 유의한 증가와 Bcl-2의 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. 결론 : 이상의 결과는 SVT가 세포내 활성산소를 증가시키므로 미토콘드리아의 세포막전위에 변화를 일으켜 인간 신경아세포종 세포주인 SK-N-MC의 세포박리와 유관한 세포자멸사를 유발하므로 증식억제 효과가 있음을 입증한 것이다.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.429-434
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• 2011

In this study, a wet-sampler was developed for collection in water and simultaneous fractionation of micron-sized particles (e.g., pigment, airborne, etc.). In this new device, three cylinders (partially filled with water) through which air was forced to pass for sample collection are connected in a series. Particles of different sizes are collected in different cylinders, allowing simultaneous fractionation. An uniqueness of this new device is that it does not use any membrane filter. Microparticles are collected directly in cylinders filled partially with water. Also the particles are simultaneously fractionated within this device while they are being collected. The new device was employed for collection of airborne particles. The collected airborne particles were fractionated by using sedimentation field-flow fractionation, SdFFF), and observed with an optical microscopy (OM) for size and shape analysis. Also AAS and ICP-AES were used for composition analysis of the airborne particles. It is expected that the new device is applicable to collection and analysis of size distribution of various types of microparticles.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.161-173
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• 2007

Membrane filtration processes are increasingly popular for drinking water treatment that requires high quality of water. Low pressure membrane(LPM) processes such as microfiltration(MF) and ultrafiltration(UF), however, are ineffective in the removal of dissolved organic matter and also membrane fouling is still an important issue to be resolved. High pressure membranes(HPMs) may guarantee better water quality, but at the high energy consumption. Thus, various approaches to combine LPM processes with other physicochemical methods have been recently made to achieve their efficiency to the level comparable to that of HPM processes. In this work, therefore, hybrid processes that coupled MF/UF with coagulation, adsorption, chemical reactions(e.g., chelation and oxidation) are reviewed regarding system design and performance and also membrane surface modifications conducted by grafting and polyelectrolyte multilayer formation were assessed.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.20
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• pp.105-117
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• 2007

This study is examined the beads excavated in the Sacheon Neukdo ruins to investigate the features of archaeological chemistry and to compare those of the same type of beads excavated within the Gyeongsang-do area by means of scientific analysis. The samples have been observed the micro-structures by an optical microscope and SEM and confirmed the physical property by density measurement. Chemical property have been analyzed main components such as flux, stabilizers, and colorants by SEM-EDS. Besides, XRD was used to identified the characteristic materials of beads. The white opaque beads, which was initially estimated as sea-shell beads, confirm as amorphous silica material. The glass beads, which are blue type as a result of compositional analysis, it is revealed potash glass group and LCA(Low-CaO, $Al_2O_3$) system. gB ones are revealed only in LCA-A(LCA-CaO<$Al_2O_3$), while purple blue ones in LCA-B(LCA-CaO>$Al_2O_3$).

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.525-532
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• 1993

To characterize the prolamines in rice cultivars, the complete coding sequences of 17 prolamine genes from the database were analyzed. According to the phylogenic analysis of the sequences, these genes could be classified into 4 groups, Group I to IV. The multiple alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences revealed that the four groups differ from one another in chain length caused by deletion of short internal amino acids or carboxyl terminal fragments. Each group was also found to have different amino acid composition with 1, 4, 10 and 30% of sulfur containing amino acids (methionine and cysteine) in Group I to IV prolamines, respectively. Also the isoelectric points of these groups showed the different values of 9.2, 8.2, 6.7 and 7.4. Finally, from the analysis of codon usage pattern of prolamine genes, the codon usage for arginine, serine, threonine, isoleucine, asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and cysteine were higly biased. In the analysis of the codon usage pattern, the relation of the fraction of G/C ending codons to effective codon numbers suggests the different translational efficiency in the expression of the prolamine multigenes.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.269-273
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• 2012

본 연구는 알려진 녹차의 다양한 항산화, 항염 효능이 있는 Polyphenol 류 이외의 생물학적 활성을 가지는 펩타이드 및 당단백질 소재에 대한 특성과 분석을 위하여 연구되었다. 녹차에서 수용성 성분을 추출 후 알콜 침전방법을 사용하여 단백질과 펩타이드류를 분리하여 실험에 사용하였다. 전체 추출물 중에는 Glutamic acid가 14073.9ug/g, (39.11%)로 가장 높게 분석되었으며, GPC 분석결과 Mn 886, Mw 25218, Mp 890, Mw/Mn 28.46으로 분석이 되었으며, 전체적으로 3개의 피크로 분석되었다. 함유된 펩타이드를 분석하기 위하여 HPLC를 이용하여 RT 16.148min의 Fraction을 분리하여 펩타이드 분석결과 녹차에서 유래한 TNTLSN이라는 hexapeptide를 동정하였다. 이러한 펩타이드는 친수성이며, 안정도가 높은 특징을 가지고 있고, 분자량이 1000이하로 피부 흡수도가 높을 것으로 기대되며, Biodegradable하며, Renewable 한 자연 친화적인 화장품 소재로서 널리 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.07b
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• pp.1038-1042
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• 2003

LED(Light Emitting Diodes)를 이용한 LCD 백라이트는 현재까지 모바일용의 $2{\sim}3$ 인치정도의 소형모델에서 상용화되고있다. 현재 동종분야에서 $5{\sim}7$ 인치 이상의 중대형에서는 아직 검토나 개발단계인 것으로 파악되고 있다. LED의 특징인 장수명, 고색순도, Robustness 등의 장점에도 불구하고 광효율이나 경제적측면에서 아직 형광램프 Type 에 비해 개선점이 남아있는 것도 개발지연 이유중의 하나다. 최근에 일부 광원업체에서 소비전력 5W로 높은 출광효율을 갖는 고휘도를 가진 LED가 개발되고있다. 고색재현성을 요구하는 TV등의 민수용 디스플레이시장이 커지는 현 추세에 한 방법으로 3색의 고휘도 LED광원을 사용한 백 라이트를 개발했다. R(Red), G(Green), B(Blue)의 3색 점광원 다수를 이중도광판 구조의 장변에 일정 간격으로 배열하여 최종 출사면에서 백색이 되도록 소정의 구성비로 설계하였다. 점광원간의 간격으로 인해 발생되는 혼색도를 보완하기위해 광원과 출사면까지의 광경로를 점광원이 아닌 튜브형의 형광광원 사용시보다 일정량 길게 설계해야 되는데, 이것으로 인해 출광효율이 형광램프구조에 비해 떨어지는 결과로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 17인치 모니터구조의 백라이트에서 색재현성 105%와 소비전력 67W에서 표면휘도 $2000cd/m^2$ 정도를 달성하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.10A
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• pp.943-951
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• 2006

Multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) systems are considered to improve the capacity and reliability of next generation mobile communication. However, the multiple RF chains associated with multiple antennas are costly in terms of size, power and hardware. Antenna selection is a low-cost low-complexity alternative to capture many of the advantages of MIMO systems. We proposed new joint Tx/Rx antenna selection algorithm with low complexity. The proposed algorithm is a method selects $L_R{\times}L_T$ channel matrix out of $L_R{\times}L_T$ entire channel gain matrix where $L_R{\times}L_T$ matrix selects alternate Tx antenna with Rx antenna which have the largest channel gain to maximize Frobenius norm. The feature of this algorithm is very low complexity compare with Exhaustive search which have optimum capacity. In case of $4{\times}4$ antennas selection out of $8{\times}8$ antennas, the capacity decreases $0.5{\sim}2dB$ but the complexity also decreases about 1/10,000 than optimum exhaustive search.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.197-209
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• 2011

This paper presents a localization system using ceiling images in a large indoor environment. For a system with low cost and complexity, we propose a single camera based system that utilizes ceiling images acquired from a camera installed to point upwards. For reliable operation, we propose a method using hybrid features which include natural landmarks in a natural scene and artificial landmarks observable in an infrared ray domain. Compared with previous works utilizing only infrared based features, our method reduces the required number of artificial features as we exploit both natural and artificial features. In addition, compared with previous works using only natural scene, our method has an advantage in the convergence speed and robustness as an observation of an artificial feature provides a crucial clue for robot pose estimation. In an experiment with challenging situations in a real environment, our method was performed impressively in terms of the robustness and accuracy. To our knowledge, our method is the first ceiling vision based localization method using features from both visible and infrared rays domains. Our system can be easily utilized with a variety of service robot applications in a large indoor environment.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.391-409
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• 2013

The Hongseong area of the southwestern Gyeonggi massif is considered to be part of suture zone that is tectonically correlated with the Qinling-Dabie-Sulu belt of China in terms of the preservation of collisional evidences during Triassic in age. The Wolhyeonri complex, preserved at the center of the Hongseong area, consists mainly of Neoproterozoic orthogneisses and Middle Paleozoic intermediate- to high-grade metamorphic schists, orthogneisses and mafic metavolcanics. The area includes various Middle to Late Triassic intrusives (e.g. dyke or stock). They are mainly monzonite and aplite with small intrusions of monzodiorit, syenite and diorite in composition. The SHRIMP U-Pb zircon ages yield 237 Ma to 222 Ma. The geochemistry of the studied Triassic intrusives show similar subuction- or arc-type signatures having Ta-Nb troughs, depletion of P and Ti, and enrichment of LILEs (large ion lithophile elements). In addition, the Triassic plutons in the Hongseong area, including those from this study, mostly possess high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic tectonic affinity. These results could be tectonically correlated to the post-collisional magmatic event following the Triassic collision between the North and South China blocks in China. Therefore, the Triassic plutons in the Hongseong area offer an important insight into the Triassic geodynamic history of the NE Asian region.