• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.187.1-187.1
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.252.1-252.1
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.21.1-21.1
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• 2005

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.17 no.1 s.84
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• pp.44-48
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
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• 2005.12a
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• pp.38-39
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• 2005

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.2-4
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• 1996

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.120-125
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• 2009

Alaria esculenta is a brown seaweed found in the Arctic. This study investigated the protective effect of A. esculenta extract (AEE) against oxidant-mediated injury and its mode of action in RAW264.7 macrophages. The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay showed that $H_2O_2$ treatment reduced cell viability, whereas AEE protected cells from $H_2O_2$-mediated cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Because heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is known to protect cells against oxidative damage, we investigated the effect of AEE on HO-1 gene expression and HO enzyme activity. The protective effect of AEE against $H_2O_2$-induced injury was correlated with increased HO enzyme activity. AEE also induced HO-1 mRNA and protein expression, as determined RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. To characterize the mechanisms by which AEE induces HO-1 gene expression, we examined the effect of AEE on the nuclear translocation of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and Akt phosphorylation. AEE treatment activated upstream signaling for HO-1 gene expression, including the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and Akt phosphorylation. Collectively, these results suggest that AEE has anti-oxidant activity that is mediated, at least in part, via the activation of Nrf2 and Akt and the subsequent induction of HO-1 gene expression.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2009

Aprotinin is used clinically in cardiopulmonary bypass surgery to reduce transfusion requirements and the inflammatory response. The mechanism of action for the anti-inflammatory effects of aprotinin is still unclear. We examined our hypothesis whether inhibitory effects of aprotinin on cytokine-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression (IL-$l\beta$ plus TNF-$\alpha$), reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation were due to HO-l induction in rat VSMCs. Aprotinin induced HO-l protein expression in a dose-dependent manner, which was potentiated during inflammatory condition. Aprotinin reduced cytokine mixture (CM)-induced iNOS expression in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, aprotinin reduced CM-induced ROS generation, cell proliferation, and phosphorylation of JNK but not of P38 and ERK1/2 kinases. Aprotinin effects were reversed by pre-treatment with the HO-l inhibitor, tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPPIX). HO-l is therefore closely involved in inflammatory-stimulated VSMC proliferation through the regulation of ROS generation and JNK phosphorylation. Our results suggest a new molecular basis for aprotinin anti-inflammatory properties.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the impact of Brand Anthropomorphism and Intimacy on Brand Engagement, and at the same time analyze the regulatory effect of Brand Reputation on the relationship between Brand Anthropomorphism and Intimacy and the relationship between Intimacy and Brand Engagement in terms of distribution brand. Results: The findings show that Brand Anthropomorphism, Intimacy, and Brand Reputation are important value factors in customers' minds toward their behavior, and from there, they will contribute to creating positive emotions and interactions between consumers and brands. Research design, data, and methodology: This article used the quantitative technique utilizing PLS-SEM software to test the hypothesis with 1,060 samples. Collected data shows that consumers in Ho Chi Minh City have positive emotions and interactive and social behaviors toward smartphone brands. Conclusion: The study has demonstrated the conclusions and proposed solutions to help smartphone brands build Brand Anthropomorphism while enhancing Brand Reputation thereby achieving Intimacy, which leads to consumer Brand Engagement. In addition, this study complements the concept of Brand Anthropomorphism which is lacking in theoretical background and is the first study in Vietnam to explore the prefixes and suffixes of the concept of Brand Anthropomorphism and the regulatory role of Brand Reputation.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.923-928
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• 1993

The series of solid solutions in the $Sr_{1+x}Ho_{1-x}FeO_{4-y}$ (x = 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00) systems with $K_2NiF_4$ type structure have been prepared at 1550$^{\circ}$C under an atmospheric air pressure. The X-ray powder diffraction spectra of these samples assign that the crystallographic phases are tetragonal system over the whole x range. The lattice volume was increased with increasing the substitution amount of the $Sr^{2+}$ ion. The mole ratio of the $Fe^{4+}$ ion to total iron ions or ${\tau}$ value has been determined by Mohr salt titration of the sample and then the y value was calculated from x and ${\tau}$ values. The ${\tau}$ and y values have been increased with x values. The nonstoichiometric chemical formula are formulated from the general formula of $Sr_{1+x}Ho_{1-x}Fe^3_{1-}\;^+_{\tau}Fe_{\tau}^{4+}O_{4-y}$ replaced by x,${\tau}$ and y values. Mossbauer spectra show the mixed valence state and coordination state of $Fe^{3+}\;and\;Fe^{4+}$ ions. It is found out that the magnetic property of the samples is paramagnetic at room temperature. Electrical conductivity varied within the semiconductivity range of 1.0 to 1 ${\times}\;10^{-9}{\Omega}^{-1}cm^{-1}$. Activation energy of the electrical conductivity was decreased with the $\tau$ value. The conduction mechanism should be explained by the hopping model of the conduction electrons between the valence states of $Fe^{3+}\;and\;Fe^{4+}$ ions.