• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.92-103
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• 2012

The Cheomsungdae was built in the Silla dynasty during the reign of queen Seondeok. It has a round cylindrical structure with a flowing curved fa ade. The identity of the Cheomsungdae has not been revealed since there is not much historical evidence or documents about the building. This study is trying to investigate the building technique and method from the technical point of view of the past when it was constructed. There have been much work and studies done for the Cheomsungdae, but not much were focusing on the technical aspects of the building. In addition there are many questions and doubts about the hypothesis of the building technique of Cheomsungdae since there aren't any remaining documents or historical evidence supporting it. Among many questions, we think that the discussion on falsework technique is not considering traditional construction method of the Dujabee (a traditional construction technique using various tools and equipment for the stability of the building) technique. Therefore, it is hard to identify them as reliable historical facts. As the result of the study, we want to provide the basic data on the construction techniques of Korean traditional architecture and broaden the study scope of technical history by narrowing the errors. The study could be summarized into three points. 1. The historical architecture Cheomseongdae was constructed by using traditional crane techniques such as a Noklo (pulley ladder). Cheomseongdae was re-evaluated as a high level technology for the history of architecture. 2. The benchmark method on Cheomseongdae construction has been applied with a precise scientific method based on the geometrical principals using the central axis. 3. In terms of the history of Korean traditional architecture technology, as there aren't many studies done we proposed various basic data for the traditional crane techniques and criteria of Korean traditional architecture technology. We could expect various and active studies for the technical approach of the history of architecture.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.582-591
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• 2015

Late-Koryeo people networks were constructed from four different history books that were written by various historic aspects in the period from king Kongmin to the final king of the Koryeo, Kongyang. All networks constructed in this study show scale free network properties as if most social networks do. Tajo-sillok preface is one of subjectively written history book that described personal history of the Lee Seong-gye and his ancestors. It is confirmed that the book is one of the most biased-written history books through network study. Jeong Do-jeon known as a Chosun dynasty projector is not greatly contributed for founding of a Chosun dynasty in network study and various historical documents as well. In this network study, we provide objective historical information in the historical situations of the late-Koryeo and during establishment procedure of Chosun dynasty. Hub nodes in network is denoted highly linked nodes, called degree. Stress centrality is a unit to measure positional importancy in the network. If we employ two factors, degree and stress centrality to determine hub node, it represents high connectivity and importancy as well. As comparing values of the degree and stress centrality, we elucidate more objective historical facts from late-Koryeo situations in this study. If we further develop and employ a new algorithm that is considered both degree and stress centrality, it is a very useful tool for determining hub node.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.3
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• pp.426-438
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• 1996

Whangchangkumpyo(黃腸禁標 : forbidden mark of whangchangmok pine tree cutting) is not only a historical forestry material but also a valuable physical proof supporting historical facts recorded in written documents. This study, using 6 whangchangkumpyo's which have been discovered so far, has investigated a comprehensive value of kumpyo(禁標). For this investigation, the location, sine, inscription, discovery of them and how they were reported have been compared with what is recorded in written documents. A comparative analysis of whangchangkumpyo and its investigation have enabled the author to identify the distribution of high quality pine trees, the political and economic significance of kumsan(禁山) and bongsan(封山) at the time, changes in geographical names over time, bits of tracks from old road network. Finally, it is suggested in this study that the recognition of the value of whangchangkumpyo should be more encouraged and the protection of it should be necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.39
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• pp.181-196
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• 1998

This study is about the similarities and the individualties of the traditional costumes in the ruling classes of Koguryo(高句麗), Bakjae(百濟), and Shilla(新羅). The analysis is based on the views of historical reformation on$\boxDr$Sam-gooksagi(三國史記)$\boxUl$Bongi(本紀). The costumes that were worn by the governing classes are categorized by the following, official duties, wars, ceremonies, and recreations(hunting). Up to the present time, there has been a great tendency to emphasize the similarities of the Three Kingdoms' costumes among most of academic researchers. However, the conceptions of individualities of the costumes among the Three Kingdoms were conceived by the facts that geological environments, political systems, social traditions, social aspects, and foreign affairs. The Three Kingdoms had different official rank systems along with official costume systems. Monopolization of official positions of the ruling parties tried to show their dignity and authority through styles of their costumes. The costumes of Koguryo were greatly differentiated by geographical regions ; One direct example is cheak of Pyoungyang and Anak regiona was named as official hats of rulling parties of Kokuryo. However, in this study, the cheak was viewed as a product of influences of Chinese costume. Further-more, the laguan was named as mooguan. Costumes of ceremonial occasions were heavily decorated to symbolize dignity and auth-ority. Metal ornament of headgear and belt, metal shoes were con-sidered as ceremonial costumes. the tight hunting costumes of Koguryo shown in mural pain-ting costumes of Koguryo shown in mural pain-tings were presumed to be spring and autumn clothing. Excavated from Neungasnlee, the hunting costumes inscribed in the gold incense burnner were confirmed as hunting costumes of Bakjae. The individuality of the costumes of the Three Kingdoms could also be supported by the fact that they had different climates. The temperature difference between Gipan region and Kyoungjoo(慶州) region was emphasized. Especially winter clothing would have had a big difference in style than the summer clothing. Through the research summarized above, this study was able to confirm that each of the Three Kingdoms had developed individualized costumes based on their geographical, cultural and environmental factors. Furthermore, through this study, it was possible to find out the difference as well as the similarities of their costumes according to each of their people's sociopolitical status, awareness of indepen-dence, andunique historical and traditional charactoristics.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.111-117
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• 2011

"Classified Assemblage of Medical Prescriptions(醫方類聚)" is a valuable material which can explain about historical records of East Asian medicine till 15th century. We can also konw what were regarded as important idea by contemporary doctors of Korean in 'Chosun' dynasty. And, Epilepsy is the one of the olddest diseases with a humankind history for a long time. All the concetps of disease including epilepsy in East Asia has been developed and specilized. So, we can find out some valuable facts from Epilepsy section in "Classified Assemblage of Medical Prescriptions". First, 'Epilepsy' was mixed with 'Mad', 'Spasm' before 7th century but after than, it had been divided into in detail. Since 14th century, we can find out that it was separated with 'Spasm' completely. In conclusion, 'Epilepsy' concept in "Classified Assemblage of Medical Prescriptions" at 15th century is similar with mordern 'Epilepsy' concept. Second, We can find out that 'Epilepsy disease' was divided into 'Five epilepsy' before 7th century, and divided into 'external cause', 'internal cause', 'external & internal cause' in 12th century. And, it also was divided into 'yin' or 'yang' epilepsy. So, 'Epilepsy' concept in " Classified Assemblage of Medical Prescriptions" at 15th century can be divided into 'yin' or 'yang' generally, and also it is similar with 'Acute and slow shock'. Especially, 'yinyang' of epilepsy is related to organs & bouls, depth & shallow, interior & exterior, not cold & heat definitely. From now on, the researches about how it had been understood in East Asia can help to find out modern significance of Korean medicine. and, it would be helpful for comprehensive study about "Classified Assemblage of Medical Prescriptions" from these researches in each section.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.29 no.3 s.99
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• pp.227-234
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• 2005

It is said the maritime labour law that total legislation system regulate all relationship concerning a labour of seafarers. A possibility of danger, a helplessness from the shore, a importance of the responsibility, a segregation from the public, etc. is mentioned as the particularity of a maritime labour which is distinguished from that of a shore labour. Therefore, the improvement of social standing and protection of rights for seafarers may be achieved substantially by the maritime labour standards considering such particularity of maritime labour. A vessel is itself international relationship, accordingly maritime labour is also same. It means that international relationship should be considered, whenever any country makes it's national law for maritime labour. Therefore, this paper aims to find out the spirit of legislation for the maritime labour law through a historical study on the development of it, and suggest the facts that should be considered for legislation of domestic law concerned.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.150-183
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• 1999

Korea-Japan Fisheries Agreement concluded in 1965 made a contribution to the stable development of fisheries relationship for both countries until the year of 1980. From the time on thereafter a series of respectable fishery disputes occurred throughout the period of fisheries self-regulation in accordance with alteration of home and abroad conditions. And both countries marched into a cooperation era by enforcement of the new fisheries agreement from the 23 January 1999, because the Fisheries Agreement system of 1965 had many limitations to settle the fundamental fisheries problems. In this paper, the author carried out the legal interpretation, arrangement of historical facts and evaluation of actual results of the Korea-Japan Fisheries Agreement of 1965. The key contents of the Fisheries Agreement were the establishment of 12-nautical mile exclusive fishery zone and the joint-control fishery zone under the principles of maintenance of MSY for fishery resources, freedom of high seas and mutual cooperation. The legal foundation of the conclusion of the Fisheries Agreement were the San Francisco Peace Treaty of 1952 and the four International Conventions on the Law of the Sea of 1958. During the 33 years, the fisheries power of Korea made a rapid stride, on the other hand that of Japan was almost stagnated. And in the meantime, there were very important development on the international law of the sea, for instant, the settlement of 12-nautical mile territorial sea regime and the establishment of 200-nautical mile exclusive economic zone regime. Annual meetings of the Joint Fisheries Committee were not successful to fill the role for conservation of fishery resources. The Fisheries Self-Regulation Agreement concluded in 1980 was also insufficient to accept the new international regime on the law of the sea, for that reason it was terminated on 23 January 1999. But it is true that the Fisheries Agreement of 1965 made a contribution to normalization of fisheries relationship between both countries and fisheries development of Korea.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.422-431
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• 2012

In the era of cultural contents, developing diverse materials is very useful in providing abundant contents of the cultural industry. Among diverse materials, systematizing and specializing materials that have been verified historically and culturally, and linking them with other fields are creating more possibilities. This study is a contemplation on useful methods that expand the range and characteristic by linking with the food culture, based on the placeness that comes from historical facts possessed by the figure. As for the range of the place, the focus was put on the places that are related to Admiral Yi, Sun-sin historically and culturally, and regions that attempted native foods development were selected. Therefore, this study attempted to establish regional identities and contribute to setting effective directions for developing and vitalizing native food brands, by expanding the category of the contents of the historical figure who represents the region.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.33-48
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• 2005

The Rule of False Position is known as an arithmetical solution of algebraical equations. On the other hand, the Excess-Deficit Rule is an algorithm for calculating about excessive or deficient quantitative relations, which is found in the ancient eastern mathematical books, including the nine chapters on the mathematical arts. It is usually said that the origin of the Rule of False Position is the Excess-Deficit Rule in ancient Chinese mathematics. In relation to these facts, we pose two questions: - As many authors explain, the excess-deficit rule is a solution of simultaneous linear equations？ - Which relation is there between the two rules explicitly？ To answer these Questions, we consider the Rule of Single/Double False Position and research the Excess-Deficit Rule in some ancient mathematical books of Chosun Dynasty that was heavily affected by Chinese mathematics. And we pursue their historical traces in Egypt, Arab and Europe. As a result, we can make sure of the status of the Excess-Deficit Rule differing from the Rectangular Arrays(the solution of simultaneous linear equations) and identify the relation of the two rules: the application of the Excess-Deficit Rule including supposition in ancient Chinese mathematics corresponds to the Rule of Double False Position in western mathematics. In addition, we try to appreciate didactical value of the Rule of False Position which is apt to be considered as a historical by-product.

• Strategy21
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• s.44
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• pp.291-322
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• 2018

This research aims to cast light upon security characteristics of the Peace Line, which have been underestimated. To understand maritime order and maritime security policy of the Republic of Korea between 1950 and 1970, it is necessary to analyze the Peace Line as line of defence and to investigate its character This research begins with analyzation of historical facts and investigation on security characteristics of the Peace Line. It goes further to examination of legal justification of the Peace Line, which was one of international legal issues of the period, principally regarding its security characteristics. As results of the study, it could be said that the security characteristics of the Peace Line was the line of defensive waters, which set its goal mainly to prevent infiltration of communist spies. The Peace Line had practical effect as it functioned as a base line of the ROK Navy to take anti-spy operation. At the early phase of the Korea-Japan Negotiation, the Korea delegation interpreted significance of the Peace Line passively. After abrogation of Clark Line, the delegation, however, became positive to maintain the Peace Line and its security characteristics. Security characteristics of the Peace Line was recognized again, as it became the base line of special maritime zone which was made in 1972. Through analysis on international law, it is concluded that the Peace Line was fair as a part of the right of self-defense against indirect aggression. North Korea attempted indirect aggression mainly from sea way, and these might undermine peace and cause urgent and unjust damage on the ROK. Thus the ROK's action of anti-spy operation through the Peace Line can be justifiable as considering the right of self-defence. Also the Peace Line accorded with principles of necessity, immediacy and proportionality. As it was argued on the above, the Peace Line as line of defence was one of the most significant factor in the ROK's maritime security history from the Hot war against communist forces to Cold war period after Korean War and must not be underestimated.