• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.455-466
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• 2020

This paper presents analysis of the interaction between tunnel and Qanat with a particular interest for the optimization of Qanat shape using the discrete element code, PFC2D, and the results will be compared with the FEM results of PLAXIS2D. For these concerns, using software PFC2D based on Discrete Element Method (DEM), a model with dimension of 100m ^⁎ 100 m was prepared. A circular tunnel with dimension of 9 m was situated 20 m below the ground surface. Also one Qanat was situated perpendicularly above the tunnel roof. Distance between Qanat center and ground surface was 8 m. Five different shapes for Qanat were selected i.e., square, semi-circular, vertical ellipse, circular and horizontal ellipse. Confining pressure of 5 MPa was applied to the model. The vertical displacement of balls situated in ground surface was picked up to measure the ground subsidence. Also two measuring circles were situated at the tunnel roof and at the Qanat roof to check the vertical displacements. The properties of the alluvial soil of Tehran city are: γ_dry=19 (KN/㎥), E= 750 (kg/㎠), ν=0.35, c=0.3(kg/㎠), φ=34°. In order to validate the DEM results, a comparison between the numerical results (obtained in this study) and analytical and field monitoring have been done. The PFC2D results are compared with the FEM results. The results shows that when Qanat has rectangular shape, the tensile stress concentration at the Qanat corners has maximum value while it has minimum value for vertical ellipse shape. The ground subsidence for Qanat rectangular shape has maximum value while it has minimum value for ellipse shape of Qanat. The vertical displacements at the tunnel roof for Qanat rectangular shape has maximum value while it has minimum value for ellipse shape of Qanat. Historical shape of Qante approved the finding of this research.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.325-334
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• 2016

Both 1900 years of historic literature and recent instrumental seismic records indicate the Korean Peninsula has repeatedly experienced small and large earthquakes. This study has used historical and instrumental records of Korea to investigate the characteristics of earthquakes in the peninsula. Results of GIS spatial analyses indicate Pyongyang, the capital of North Korea, is more vulnerable to the earthquake hazard than that of other regions in the Korean Peninsula. It is also noted that Pyongyang is exposed to high risks of other natural and social disasters because of the high population density and concentrated infra structures. Scenario shake map drawn up assuming a magnitude 6.7 earthquake, which was experienced in A.D. 502 in the area, indicates that 51.1% of the city are exposed to PGA 0.24 g or higher. Recent statistics by the Statistics Korea also indicates the North Korea is far more vulnerable to disasters than those in the South Korea. Results of the preliminary study provide essential information for comprehensive understanding of earthquake hazard estimation in Korea including the North Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.55-60
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• 2001

The Seomoon Bridge, a new planning site, is located in Sangdang-Gu Seomoon-Dong, Chongju and is the oldest bridge built during the rule of Japanese imperialism. As the name implies, Seomoon Bridge is located on the site adjacent to west gate. The Seomoon Bridge is an important bridge as an historical trace of the vanished town of Chongu. However, as new roads and bridges are built, the Seomoon Bridge is losing its functional aspects and has become an area crowed by many street stalls. Closely located newer to Sajic Fountain, the Seomoon Bridge, which has symbolically significant meaning, now faces many problems such as non-practical use of bridge, indifferent management and non-locality, which creates a negative effect on the surrounding cityscape. given this situation, in 2001, 2, Chongju city published an appeal for public subscription of a practical use plan which may design a new, landmark and establish resting spaces for the public. The basic direction of this planning is designed to be place as the symbolic space representing Chongju, and integrated with the surrounding environmental elements such as Moosim-Cheon(stream) and Sajic Fountain, and as a recreational, resting and leisure space of the public. Especially nightscape of the bridge inspires a fresh impact on many people. Because of the widespread influence of developed cities, diverse spaces which already exist or have disappeared may be reclaimed. By establishing appropriate use plans rather than negligence, this project will propose the improved quality of cityscape and show the possibility of bublic´s outdoor living space, and our team will find out the meaning in these approach methods.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.13-33
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• 2009

Mineralogical analysis with petrographic microscope and XRD was carried out to verify manufacturing technique of the tiles(9 samples) and kiln wall materials(5 samples) from the Anchang-ri history site in Wonju county. One of the results we found is such that during the tile manufacturing process fine tile fragments or wall materials might be added instead of chamottes to maintain tile pattern. Abandoned tiles or wall materials were recycled repeatedly, which may be supported by the recycled chamottes that made from iron-rich fine aggregates or disposed kiln wall materials in many samples analyzed. The tiles and wall materials are divided into 3 types, including low temperature type (below $800^{\circ}C$), intermediate temperature type ($800-930^{\circ}C$) and high temperature type ($930-1470^{\circ}C$) as a function of firing temperature which deduced by mineral assemblages identified under petrographic microscope and by XRD composition. Both Kiln A8 of Choseon Dynasty and wall material AW5 were burned at the highest temperature among the all analyzed samples.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.2 no.4 s.6
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• pp.111-122
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• 2000

PMS(Pavement Management System) has been developed and/or operated for the freeway and national highway systems in Korea. There is, however, no municipal PMS that is necessary in many cities for efficient management of their roadways. In this study, a municipal Prototype PMS is developed. The Prototype PMS is designed to be operated on PC base. It uses GIS interface for user friendliness that applies color graphics, text and distress pictures to display pavement conditions and rehabilitation information for both current and historical situations. The computer program of the prototype PMS consists of four major functions(inquiry, analysis, data management, and print). Especially, prioritization and M&R(Maintenance and Rehabilitation) alternative selection procedure is designed to be flexible so that the users can modify the decision criteria whenever it is necessary. Database items of the Prototype PMS is carefully selected for the objectives and size of municipal PMS. Reference point method is basically used for the location referencing in the Database. The unit section consists of each loom segment of the road for effective management.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.1-16
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• 2011

This study was intended to develop and suggest 'residents-driven and citizen-participatory restoration procedures' for degraded ecosystems in BaigDooDaeGahn. With some concerns of current engineering-focused restoration approach for damaged ecosystem, the proposed procedures were designed based on the analysis of several case studies on citizen participatory projects such as the Habitat Movement, the Taean tidal wetland restoration effort in Korea, and some historical and innovative cases in Japan and the United States. The suggested procedures were considered to be a dialectical spiral model which was consisted of two goal axis, six system elements, four developmental stages, and five restoration steps. The new system and procedures were applied to damaged farmland areas (about 0.3 ha) on the top of BaigDooDaeGahn, Kangneung city with participation of more than 100 local residents and a dozen of citizen from Seoul. Both high level of possibilities and some barriers for future extended application were identified and adopted for the final version of the proposed procedures for ecological restoration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2009.09a
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• pp.117-129
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• 2009

This paper studied the safety management network system of infrastructure which constructed smart sensors, closed-circuit television(CCTV) and monitoring system. This safety management of infrastructure applied to bridge, cut slop and tunnel, embankment etc. The system applied to technologies of standardization guidelines, data acquirement technologies, data analysis and judgment technologies, system integration setup technology, and IT technologies. It was constructed safety management network system of various infrastructure to improve efficient management and operation for many infrastructure. Integrated safety management network system of infrastructure consisted of the real-time structural health monitoring system of each infrastructure, integrated control center, measured data transmission using i of tet web-based, collecting data using sf ver, early alarm system which the dangerous event of infrastructure occurred. Integrated control center consisted of conference room, control room to manage and analysis the data, server room to present the measured data and to collect the raw data. Early alarm system proposed realization of warning and response within 5 minute or less through development of sensor-based progress report and propagation automation system using the media such as MMS, VMS, EMS, FMS, SMS and web services of report and propagation. Based on this, the most effective u-Infrastructure Safety Management System is expected to be stably established at a less cost, thus making people's life more comfortable. Information obtained from such systems could be useful for maintenance or structural safety evaluation of existing structures, rapid evaluation of conditions of damaged structures after an earthquake, estimation of residual life of structures, repair and retrofitting of structures, maintenance, management or rehabilitation of historical structures.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.16 no.6_1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2016

Operation Chromite was the first combined landing operation executed by ROK marine corp's and allied forces on Sept 15, 1950. Its historical significance is that it provided Korea with an opportunity to retake capital city Seoul because it helped to fight back from Nakdong river defense Front. During the landing, ROK marine corp's was highly praised from US commanders that "No any defect was found from ROK marine corp's perfect battle performance." and ROK marine corp's spirit of sacrifice with serving our country presented a grant spectacle to all over the world. In these days, the reason why ROK marine corp's gains trust and has grow successfully as national army force is that it prepares national emergency though strong training during peacetime. However, bad tradition like beating and harsh treatment must be fixed. ROK marine corp's should improve and take over the hard earned tradition from former marines and do our best to be trusted from people.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.299-303
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• 2003

Some of historical textiles were analyzed to identify the imprinted textures on the metal remains of Haengyeup(a horse strap pendant) and Doja (a knife), which were excavated in the ruins of Hwangsung-dong, Kyungju city in the fifth century and textiles imprinted on the human bones that were excavated in the Pungnae 4th Area, Namyangju county in the sixteenth century. The results analyzed arc as follows ; It was confirmed that the imprinted textures of Haengyeup and Doja are white ramie since the structural characteristics of cellulosic bast fibers, partially projected long oval cross sections with large lumens and the imprinted textures of human bones are silk fabrics since the triangular cross sections of fibroin is showed. All of the textiles were designed in plain weaves. In the case of weaving yarns, the warp threads were thicker than the weft threads, that is, the imprinted textures of Haengyeup were measured by 1.35 mm for warp and 1.21 mm for weft, and the Doja by 1.16mm for warp and 1.11 mm for weft. In connection with the direction of the yarn twist, the Z-twist were observed in the imprinted textures of human bones, whereas it presented the S-twist in the case of Haengyeup and Doja. The warp yarns were mostly harder twisted than the weft yarns on the amounts of twist, that is, it was observed that the case of Haengyeup were amounted to 0.33 twists per centimeter for warp yarns and 0.25 twists per centimeter for weft yarns. Also it was showed 0.32 twists per centimeter for warp yarns and 0.26 twists per centimeter in the case of the textures of human bones. On the fabric counts, it was showed that the finer the yarns the higher the densities since it were $4.3{\times}5.1$ threads per sqaure centimeters and $7.6{\times}7.1$ threads per sqaure centimeters each in the case of Haengyeup and Doja, whereas it was $18.2{\times}33.7$ threads per sqaure centimeters in the case of the textures of human bones.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.157-167
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• 2015

There is literature addressing to cultural aspects of alcohol and alcoholism. However, scholars have paid little attention to study what will happen to alcohol consumption behavior and alcoholism if there is a national government cultural intervention, so that the alcohol drinking culture would change in association with the change of internal institution in a society. This work attempted to study this research question. For this purpose, I selected Mongolia as a research case and examined survey data, statistical data, and data from research-based resources, referring to the last 70 years profile of Mongolian alcohol per capital consumption and alcoholism as well as studying Mongolian historical sources for measuring Mongolian traditional alcohol drinking customs. The data I gathered and observed during this research proved that there is a huge difference between the current drinking culture among younger generation and Mongolian traditional cultural context that was respected and strictly followed by their ancestors. Findings suggest that there has been a parallel increase between the change of alcohol drinking culture and alcohol consumption in connection with the modernization.