• Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.211-231
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• 2003

The study of English words in terms of etymology has a long history, going back over 110 years since Murray et al. (1884). Scholars have therefore had lots of time to gather all kind of information on the origin of English words. In fact, Modern English is the product of a long and complex process of historical developments from a great diversity of sources. The origins and development of English words meaning ‘a vessel for washing, a bath or a toilet’ are traced from Old English to the twentieth century in this paper in terms of the semantic and/or conceptual categories of the words with their particular senses. We conclude this paper with a brief discussion of how the teaching of English words can give some feedback to both teachers and students under the circumstances of English education in Korea and/or how we come to a better understanding of this charming field of English etymology in its own right.

• Language and Information
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.131-157
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• 2010

This article reports an attempt to perform a similarity analysis on a collection of 25 culinary manuscripts in Chosun periods using a set of quantitative text analysis methods. Historical culinary texts are valuable resources for linguistic, historic, and cultural studies. We consider the similarity of two texts as the distributional similarities of the functional components of the texts. In the case of culinary texts, text elements such as food names, cooking methods, and ingredients are regarded as functional components. We derive the similarity information from the distributional characteristics of the two key functional components, cooking methods and ingredients. The results are also quantified and visualized to achieve a better understanding of the properties of the individual texts and the collection of the texts as a whole.

• Language and Information
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.95-114
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• 2008

This study aims at establishing a markup system for 17-19th century culinary manuscripts. To achieve this aim, we, in section 2, look into various theoretical considerations regarding encoding large-scale historical corpora. In section 3, we identify and analyze the characteristics of textual theme and structure of our source text. Section 4 proposes a markup scheme based on the XML standard for bibliographical and structural markups for the corpus as well as the grammatical annotations. We show that it is highly desirable to use XML-based markup system since it is extremely powerful and flexible in its expressiveness and scalable. The markup scheme we suggest is a modified and extended version of the TEI-P5 to accommodate the textual and linguistic characteristics of premodern Korean culinary manuscripts.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.39-43
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• 2016

'형태소 깎는 노인'은 국어사 자료를 처리하는 고성능 자동 형태분석기의 개발이 난항을 겪고 있는 상황에서 수동으로 형태분석 작업을 하는 연구자들을 지원하기 위하여 개발된 형태분석 보조기이다. 인간과 기계의 분업을 통해 인간의 피로를 최대한 줄이고, 단순 반복 형태에 대해서는 정답을 확실하게 제안할 수 있다는 것이 특징이다. 국어사 자료에는 한국어 정보처리를 위해 필요한 어휘 사전이 없으므로, 문법형태소 사전을 만들어 이를 단서로 조사/어미부와 어간부를 구분하도록 하였다. 이를 통해 구축된 소규모 형태분석 말뭉치들이 장기적으로는 자동 형태분석기의 성능 개선에 일조할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.103-116
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• 2013

This paper reviews various bitstream syntax and parser description (BSPD) languages used in MPEG multimedia standards. Traditionally, the bitstream syntax and semantics have been described in human-readable form. Several languages have been developed to describe the bitstream syntax using a computer-readable language and allow the automatic generation of bitstream parsing function from the description. The languages were designed for different objectives and applications but have a range of commonalities in functionality. The aim of this paper is to provide a historical overview of BSPD languages. The background and target application of the BSPD languages are reviewed. In addition, the technical features of each languages, including the linguistic basis (e.g., XML-based) and parser generation method, are discussed and evaluated. In addition, previous studies based on each language are introduced and categorized according to their objectives. Finally, the relevant technical issues that suggest the direction of the future researches are reported.

• Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.151-174
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• 2004

A historical investigation reveals that English preposition with underwent a change from OPPOSITION to ASSOCIATION and further to ACCOMPANIMENT, where the first stage shows peculiarity in that the two concepts involved comprise an unusual set to form an extensional chain. Intrigued by this oddity, this paper aims to investigate the semantic structure of English preposition with from a grammaticalization perspective. We review mechanisms and models of semantic change and evaluate their adequacy with the semantic structure and change shown by with. Drawing upon the observed fact that with underwent the apparent antonymic semantic change, it is argued that such semantic change mechanisms as metaphor, metonymy, subjectification, and generalization have difficulties explaining the change, and that only the Frame-of-Focus Variation can effectively account for this peculiar change type. In terms of semantic change models, we argue that the Bleaching Model cannot effectively provide an explanation; that the Loss and Gain Model has problems in explaining the motivation of change directions; that the Metonymic-Metaphoric Model cannot be assessed at the current level of investigation; and that the Overlap Model and the Prototype Extension Model excellently account for the macro-level changes.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.601-616
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• 2018

This article explores the ways Charles Dickens's roles as novelist and journal editor overlapped and influenced one another in the serial publication of A Tale of Two Cities (1859) and complicates recent historicist readings, which situate the novel in relation to the Indian Mutiny (1857-59), by calling attention to a double imperial logic used to construct British subjectivity not only against forms of Eastern Otherness but, moreover, against forms of Southern Otherness associated with the European South, especially Italy. Analyzing Dickens's historical representation of the French Revolution in relation to its contemporary international political context, this essay examines how the novel's serial publication draws upon political discourse from contemporary articles on the Second Italian War of Independence (1859-61) appearing concurrently in Dickens's journal, All the Year Round. Orientalism circulates simultaneously in the novel as a distant and exotic as well as a provincial and parochial representation of racial and cultural Otherness.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.339-363
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• 2014

This essay reconsiders the subject of Romantic self-consciousness in a post-de Manian perspective. Self-consciousness is an attribute of Romantic lyricism whereby the poetic speaker I remains conscious of how (s)he feels or lives here and now. This self-reflective feature of Romantic poetry has been controversially interpreted either as self-centered solipsism or as self-expressive objectivism. The question is stirring more disputes among Romantic critics after the advent of New Historicism and Feminism. These two historicistic approaches reprove Romantic poetry for a lack of the sense of history and ascribes it to Romantic self-consciousness. They argue that Romantic poets in general displace historical materiality into an object of internal consciousness, so negating absurd social realities "merely to gain their own immortal soul." This essay targets to overcome this negative stance on Romantic self-consciousness with a "subversive" return to Paul de Man's criticism of Romantic internality.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.135-150
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• 2018

Focusing on the hermeneutic instability of a key word of Paradise Lost, "wander," this study attempts to situate John Milton's early modern epic in the longue $dur{\acute{e}}e$ historical transition from seignorial to capitalist mode of production, especially the displacement and reorganization of producer population, a corollary of early phase of modernization. The historic experience of vagrancy and its normalization, and the concomitant shift of the primary human sociability from given to voluntary bonds, I suggest, shape and inform Milton's early modern rewriting of the Biblical story of the fall and his revising of the heroic epic romance into a plebeian romance of a wandering, companionate couple. While building on the critical consensus on this poem's deliberate distancing from the tradition of classical epic and chivalric romance, this essay argues that Milton re-appropriates and re-channels the aspirational aspect of chivalric wandering, or mobility, for his plebeian heroes, a companionate conjugal couple. The hermeneutic instability of the word wander, this essay suggests, captures the duality of the historic experience of vagrancy, both the tragic experience of displacement and the liberational and uplifting dimension of that experience.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.295-314
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• 2014

Flannery O'Connor's stories have garnered critical attention for her religious views. Thus, the interpretation of violence in her fiction has been mainly associated with salvation in her characters. Nonetheless, O'Connor was aware of the historical facts surrounding white supremacist activities in the American South. In its revenge narrative, O'Connor's story "The Displaced Person" (1955) unveils subtle layers of politics from the Ku Klux Klan as well as her white characters' views of race and immigrants. O'Connor used a voice of reserve due to her minority position as woman and Catholic. Although she was a white female, she lived within repressive Southern religiosity. Racism prevailed beneath Southern chauvinism and patriotism. The conflicts in the South display the violent aspects of the "Invisible White Supreme Empire." After the World Wars, devalued whiteness elicited atrocities against socially upward mobile African Americans, foreigners and Catholics. This article explores the convoluted issues of racial hierarchy, miscegenation, and xenophobic reactions in the South.