• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.575-596
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• 2010

The modes of narratives and communication have expanded due to social and cultural changes and technological development. Thus texts have become multimodal and media hybridities and media crossover have been increasing as well. Multimodality requires new literacy to understand and interpret those multimodal texts other than existing traditional literacy approaches. The New London Group (2000) argues that multiliteracies are needed to serve today's changing multimodal texts. Kress (2003) also argues, visual texts have been prevailing, being mingled with other modes of texts such as linguistic, audio, gestural, and spatial modes. Literary texts are not exception in this trend of multimodality. The recent renaissance of comics, in particular, the new light on graphic novels can be interpreted in this historical vein. In comparison to comics, no consensus has been made in defining graphic novels, however, many studies have been recently conducted in order to look into the potential of graphic novels in building multiliteracies. In this paper, the graphic novel as a literary genre are explored from a histocial perspective and the definition of graphic novels was attempted to be made. In the light of multiliteracies, this paper presented cases that show how graphic novels can be utilized to build multiliteracies. Lastly, the use of graphic novels for English as a foreign language was introduced as well. The author hopes that at the age of multimodality, the potential graphic novels have in language and literacy education can be taken into account by language teachers and students in expanding their territory of literacy.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.1418-1430
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• 1998

Temporal databases support an efficient historical management by means of valid time and transaction time. Valid time stands for the time when a data happens in the real world. And transaction time stands for the time when a data is stored in the database, Temporal Query Processing System(TQPS) should be extended so as tc process the temporal operations for the historical informations in the user query as well as the conventional relational operations. In this paper, the extended temporal query processing systems which is based on the previous temporal query processing system for TQuel(Temporal Query Language) consists of the temporal syntax analyzer, temporal semantic analyzer, temporal code generator, and temporal interpreter is to be described, The algorithm for additional functions such as transaction time management, temporal aggregates, temporal views, temporal joins and the heuristic optimization functions and their example how to be processed is shown.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.5
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• pp.37-53
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• 2003

In this paper I have considered the subject related with 'the identity of Korean linguistics.' When I have pondered upon the subject I found that all the researches should not be regarded as a part of Korean linguistics only because they followed the scientific methodology. Moreover, it isn't right to accept any of the studies of Korean linguistics only because they relied on the tenet of western linguistic methodology. Although till 1960's various western linguistic methods were introduced to Korean scholars and applied to account for Korean language, abruptly, since 1970's, most theories have inclined to follow tendency of American linguistic trend. Pupils who want to study modem linguistic theories prefer to study at the universities of America rather than other countries in Europe. However, it is necessary to blow that the history of American linguistics isn't really as long as that of European nations and that the humanities has developed fur a long time since the Greek period. If we attempt to contemplate the procedure of the invention of Korean alphabetic system (Hun-Min-Jung-Um) it will be easy to find the fact that the theoretic approaches used to observe and analyze Korean language in 15th century are as good as the most up-to-date theories which have been introduced recently. Therefore, I tried to show that the historical awareness of linguistic theories deserves special emphasis in order to understand the reality of Korean linguistics correctly.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.284-291
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• 2022

Historical data from comparable projects can serve as benchmarking data for an ongoing project's planning during the project scoping phase. As project owners typically store substantial amounts of data generated throughout project life cycles in digitized databases, they can capture appropriate data to support various project planning activities by accessing digital databases. One of the most important work tasks in this process is identifying one or more past projects comparable to a new project. The uniqueness and complexity of construction projects along with unorganized data, impede the reliable identification of comparable past projects. A project scope document provides the preliminary overview of a project in terms of the extent of the project and project requirements. However, narratives and free-formatted descriptions of project scopes are a significant and time-consuming barrier if a human needs to review them and determine similar projects. This study proposes an Artificial Intelligence-driven model for analyzing project scope descriptions and evaluating project similarity using natural language processing (NLP) techniques. The proposed algorithm can intelligently a) extract major work activities from unstructured descriptions held in a database and b) quantify similarities by considering the semantic features of texts representing work activities. The proposed model enhances historical comparable project identification by systematically analyzing project scopes.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.109-132
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• 2017

This article is about the emergence of Islamic modernism among Cham Muslim communities in Cambodia and Cochinchina during the early 20th century. Based on a combined critical reading of existing scholarship, historicized first-hand anthropological accounts, as well as archival sources from the National Archives of Cambodia and the Vietnam National Archives II, it argues accounts of modernists in these sources were either (1) cast through a French colonial reading of a Buddhist state lens and (2) cast through a Malay lens, based upon the Kaum Muda/Kaum Tua divide. First, it proceeds with a historical explanation of the emergence of Islam and the discourse used to describe Muslim communities in Vietnamese, French, and Cham language sources. Then, it turns the narrative toward an examination of the emergence of the "Kaum Muda" or "New Group" of reformist-minded modernist Muslims in early 20th century Cambodia. Delineating the networks of these intellectuals as they stretched across the border through Cochinchina, also highlights a pre-existing transnational element to the community, one that well predates current discussions of twenty-first-century transnationalism. Through a combination of the study of multiple language sources and historical methods, the article highlights the importance of polylingualism in the study of the history of Muslims in Southeast Asia.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.3-23
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• 2010

This essay questions and attempts to answer why and how Shakespeare set his plays in time and space other than his own England. Bakhtin's concept of chronotope as integrated time-space offers a model of establishing "a historical poetics." Shakespeare's chronotope has been either negated as mere names for transcendental ideas by universalists, or reduced to a "cover" for contemporary England by historicists. Refuting such either/or approach, this essay claims chronotopic dynamics of both/and as Shakespeare's intentional poetics of ambiguity. While Shakespeare clearly wants to build fictional chronotope distant from reality and does so through verbal repetition, character names, alternation of locales and speaking directly to the audience, he also brings in reality through the figure of clowns and the theatrical space of platea. Anachronism and topological errors ensuing from chronotopic collision register desire to produce multiple meanings. Shaped by historical forces such as Renaissance poetics, education, censorship and new geography, chronotopic form itself is a witness of historicity as much as the coded ideological messages New Historicists industriously delve out. Shakespeare's chronotopic dynamism offers the space for dialogue and appropriation to modern readers, a practice no less worthwhile than history lesson.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.21
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• pp.1-60
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• 1991

In this study, Two divisions(language and literature) in schemes of the DDC are discussed. And the adaptation of these divisions to the minor or oriential countries are seggested. In spite of the continuous study and revision of the experts, the frameworks of these systems are still kept unchanged. Only their subdivisions, reflecting those developments In the academic world are developed and detailed more sophisticatedly. Of those subdivisions in DDC, especially the two subdivisions of language and literature are seriously unbalanced. The two divisions give the attention too much to the Western including the English, Deutsch and French. Relatively the languages and literatures of the other nations are treated lightly. It results more problems to the Oriental and the minor nations. So, the libraries of these nations should modify the schedules and develop the subdivisions items of the local emphasis. Considering these problems the historical changes of the DDC system in the languages and literatures are clarified and the problems occurring from unbalanced allocation of the classed items are examined.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.42
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• pp.261-283
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• 2016

The aim of this study is to consider the possibility of learning polite expressions of English using the mobile application Naver Band. To improve communicative competence, students need to develop sociolinguistic competence as well as grammatical and discourse competence. To be accordant to social context, the roles of the participants, and the purpose of the interaction, students have to make an appropriate utterance. When a hearer has a higher social status and is older than a speaker, or have low levels of familiarity, Korean native speaker tends to use polite expressions. Students need to learn polite expressions of English because English has a different honorific system from Korean. To realize the characteristics and function of polite language is one thing, but to learn it in a real classroom is another. This study attempts to apply the use of a mobile application, which is considered a user-friendly tool for students, into learning polite language using the UK historical drama, Downton Abbey. Two tests were administered to an experimental group that used the mobile application and a control group that used group work. The results of the two tests show that the use of the mobile application has a positive effect on learning polite expressions and is effective as an after-school activity. In an open-ended questionnaire, students tend to identify polite expressions as superior or high-level language forms and separate these forms from practical expressions. It should be noted as well that teachers need to consider instructing in modern English when using a historical drama in the teaching and learning of polite expressions.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.433-451
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• 2018

In Jesmyn Ward's 2017 novel, Sing, Unburied, Sing, Ward places herself within the modern African American literary tradition and lays out the unending "historical traumas" of blacks and cultural haunting in her narrative. She brings to the fore the story of a young black boy and demonstrates the difficulty of living while a black man in the American rural South. Living or dead, black males remain spectral as their frustrated black bodies are endlessly rejected and disembodied. It's through Ward's close attention to the notions of black masculinity and retrieval of (black) humanity that the black South is remembered, recuperated, and historicized. Shrewdly enough, Ward expands it further into the tradition of American literature. Instead of singularizing African American identity and its historical traumas, she renders them the part of American history and universalizing the single black story as the story of the American South. Filling in the gaps that Faulkner and other white writers have left in their novels, Ward writes stories about the unspeakable, the invisible, the excluded to deconstruct white narratives and rebuild the American history; and reasserts African roots and history, spirituality, black raciality and locality within the American tradition. I examine the symbolic significance of Jojo's claim of black masculinity within the socio-political contexts of contemporary America. I also look closely at Ward's portrayal of Jojo's black family genealogy on account of its traumatic experiences of incarceration in notorious Parchman Farm. Locating Jojo as the inspiration of linking the past and the present, the unburied and the living, I contend that Ward creates "home" for blacks in an atemporal oceanic space where the past and the present are able to meet simultaneously. I argue that the oceanic space is an alternative space of affect that functions against the space of white rationality.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.27-49
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• 2011

This article proposes to stay away from contemporary critical arguments concerning Michael's value system, which is construed mainly from his choice between his patrimonial lands and his son Luke. Presuming that Michael's value system as have been argued so far could never be the poet Wordsworth's own concern at the time of the composition of the poem "Michael," this article proposes to get back to the all too real socio-historical situation of the early nineteenth-century England. Mere consideration of the socio-historical situation, when combined with a close reading of the poetic text (a close reading of both the poetic story and the poetic history from which the story may be said to have been constructed), directs us to the poet working on the simple paradigm of 'the country and the city at war with each other' but the victory having been given to the city already. The guarantee contract for a supposedly prospering nephew's debt and the letter from another prospering relative in London are undoubtedly the key elements that lead us to the war paradigm. Michael's family members, each and all including Michael himself, and all of their village people, have been imbued with the city's commercial values, which renders them all the more easier victims within the war context. Luke's defeat in the city is viewed as being really the consequence, rather than the cause, of Michael's defeat, which became apparent as soon as the news of the latter's financial disaster reached his ear. Michael should therefore be regarded as one of the typical English countryfolk of the time, with whom Wordsworth often, but not always, identifies himself. Insofar as the economic view or attitude is concerned, there certainly is a distance between Michael and Wordsworth, this article argues.