• 중국학논총
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• 제67호
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• pp.43-60
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• 2020

This paper explores the upper and lower contexts of the literature, and examines the meaning that the context intends to say and the era indicated by '古'. This not only helps to objectively and concretely recognize and interpret the "old" era, it can also be used to dig deeper into the meaning of the literature. In particular, such research is expected to play an even greater role in the literature that needs to clarify historical facts. '古' can be specified differently depending on the literature. In this paper, in particular, focusing on this point, in order to examine more closely how the periodic interpretation of '古' was done, the interpretation and usage examples of '古' were intensively examined. Notable items in the meaning of '古' are the meanings of beginning, ancestor, always, forever, and so on. In particular, in historical literature, the first beginning of civilization was viewed as 'old'. It is emphasized that the age of pay wages is viewed as the "old" at the base point.

• 수완나부미
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.207-231
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• 2022

From being understood as a dwelling, the concept of home is extended to denote belongingness and a sense of attachment in which spiritual, ethnic, religious and historical identities shape a sense of self. Hence, home with its expanded definitions is considered as a cross-cutting and fundamental theme in works by Võ Phiến, one of the diaspora's towering minds who devoted his life to capturing the rich details of Vietnamese culture, its villages and locals. This article pays attention to the cultural space created through Võ Phiến's tuỳ bút written when he lived in Saigon and California. Many representations of home were argued as evidence of subtle influences of the historical and social context on the way Võ Phiến perceived and built his own homeland. By observing disruption and continuity through the expressions of the home in Võ Phiến's writing, we shed light on how Võ Phiến managed to create an indigenous cultural space towards social interactions of Western ideology in South Vietnam from 1964 to 1975.

• 수완나부미
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.79-111
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• 2016

Malaya attained independence on August 31, 1957 from Britain. However this new nation faced a communist insurgency known today as the "Malayan Emergency" (1948-1960). Then in 1961, Tunku announced a wider federation of "Malaysia", viz. Malaya, British Crown Colonies of Singapore, Sarawak and North Borneo, and the protectorate of Brunei. Countering communism was a principal motive for "Malaysia". Sarawak's leftist elements were rejected with an armed opposition. Malaysia was formed excluding Brunei. Amidst its birth pangs, Malaysia faced hostile neighbors Indonesia and the Philippines; the former objected by way of Konfrontasi (1963-1967) while the latter laid claim to Sabah (formerly North Borneo). Malaya/ Malaysia was borne in the midst of the Cold War (1947-1991), a bipolar world between the US and the USSR. Malaya/Malaysia is utilized as a case of analysis and evaluation in the context of the twin trends of continuities and transformations in tracing the historical developments from the 1950's to the 1990's. The risks, motives, and challenges that prompted the shift in foreign relations reveal as much of the personality of the political leadership, the prevailing situations, and conditions from within and circumstances from without.

• 수완나부미
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.35-49
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• 2017

This paper will concentrate on how various particular Southeast Asian conditions created a distinct Southeast Asian cultural identity despite a very challenging geographical and historical diversity in the region. The paper will argue that Southeast Asians demonstrate an ability to adapt to changes and new values but also exhibit fatalism through a very high degree of passive acceptance to political and other changes that affect their society. The paper identifies a degree of environmental and geographical uniqueness in Southeast Asia that shapes context and gives rise to very distinct cultural traits. The historical transformation in the region brought about by colonialism and nationalism, combined with this geographical and political make-up of the region, had an immense impact on Southeast Asian society as it fostered adaptability. Finally, the political transitions brought about by various conflicts and wars that continued to affect the area in rapid succession all throughout the 20^th century likewise contributed immensely to a local Southeast Asian fatalistic response towards change. Historically, Southeast Asia demonstrated these socio-cultural responses to such an extent that these are argued to permeate the region forming a distinct aspect of Southeast Asian culture.

• 기록학연구
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• 제6호
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• pp.225-262
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• 2002

Chief Consultant Archives Government Archives & Records Service -table of contents- 1. Introduction 2. Relationship of Historical Studies and Archive 3. Relationship of Archives and Archives 4. Conclusion; Historians, Archives, and Archivists, and Their Roles This essay is mainly written for historians who may have "little or limited experience" in dealing with archives and archivists in their course of historical research. It may sound very ridiculous to say that "historians have little or limited experience" in using archives but it is also true that many Korean historians have depended on various compiled editions of historical materials or personally donated and/or collected materials when they do research, rather than they would visit archives and search for the materials by themselves. This is the main reason for that the public archives in Korea have not served historians well and effectively, and vice versa, that historians have not visited archives sometime with no knowledge of archives, and have not requested opening of archives for their research. It is a simple fact that historian's study depends on the records he/she uses. Without records, there should be no history. Use of archives for historical research is a common thing and a must in modern archives. Records are selected to be preserved in archives for their preservation as well as their future use. Who select the records as archives? Archivists do mostly. Then, what are the criteria for the archivists to chose records as permanent preservable archives? Answers to this fundamental question have been provided by many historians and archivists. The closest answer may be that selecting archivists would be better trained and equipped with historical research and knowledgeable of the major trends in historical research. With his/her own experience of historical research and tracing the trends of historical studies and materials used in the historiography, they could chose better and appropriate records for future use using their prudence and discretion. It also means that historians have had influence on archivists in their selecting archives by providing the theme and context of historical studies of the time. Though not necessarily becoming a historian themselves, selecting or appraising archivists should understand the process of creating the records and should know how they become archives. This is a precondition to become a good archivist. But that's not all. They must know how the archives are used and what archives are used for what purposes. Among many other roles of modern archivists, selecting and describing the archives are the foremost tasks of an archivist. Archivists therefore developed modern methods to select future archives based on functional analysis and records series concept rather than a record file or item as a unit of selection. Historians are users or consumers of the archives held in the archives building or repository. The quality of their study depends on the "quality" of the materials they use. With the help of archivists not to mention of reference service, historians owe much to archivists in having an access to the materials they need, intellectually and physically. Too many closed archives and too long closed archives in the archives repository would benefit neither historians nor archivists. However, archivists can mostly react only to archive requests and demands made by historians for more wide accessibility. Using the FOIA, as in the U.S., or the Information Opening Act, as in case of Korea, historians can promote the use of historical materials as well as promoting accountability and transparence for the benefit to society as whole. In this context, it is vary desirable to establish a close professional relationship between historians and archivists even in the age of information society. At present, historians need more understanding of operation and importance of archives while archives administration need to realize the potential archival demands from research community and civil movement for clean government.

• 중소기업연구
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.139-177
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• 2020

본 연구는 기업가(起業家)의 모습에 대해 역사적 상황 맥락과 문화인류학적 관점에서 20가지 모습을 도출하였다. 종래 기업가에 대한 논의는 기업가를 자연인(개인)으로 전제하여 이루어졌다. 그 결과 기업가는 자기 자신만의 사적 이익만을 추구하는 존재로 다루어졌다. 이러한 시각과 논의는 반기업(反企業) 정서가 형성되도록 하는 근본적인 원인으로 작용하고 있으며, 기업가(起業家)나 기업인(企業人)에 대한 부정적인 태도를 형성시켜 기업가정신(起業家精神)을 위축시키고 있다. 본 연구는 기업가도 역사적 맥락 속에서 사회와 상호작용하는 관계 속에 있는 존재라는 점에 초점을 두어, '기업(enterprise)'이 출현하기 이전과 이후 시대에서 경제적 재화의 생산자 역할을 수행한 사회적 계층들로부터 공통된 기업가의 모습을 고찰하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 역사적 맥락과 문화인류학적 관점을 채택하였다. 연구결과 기업가는 '시대의 새로운 기준을 제시하는 경영철학자'의 모습과, 미래를 간파하는 선구자(선각자, 선도자, 비전제시자, 꿈꾸는 자)의 모습, 사회적 맥락 측면에서 '세상을 더 좋은 세상으로 바꾸려는 사회공헌자', '고정관념이나 통념을 깨는 역발상 아이디어맨이자 통념거부자', '혁신가(창조적 파괴자)', '무에서 유를 창조하는 발명가(개발자, 제조자, 건설자)'의 모습을 보인다. 사업 맥락 측면에서는 '적절한 위험을 감수하는 도전자', '미지의 세계에 대한 호기심 강한 탐험가', '몰입하고 파고드는 매니아(매니악)'이다. 조직 맥락 측면에서는 '현장 실전 중시형 리더, 신뢰 신용을 최고가치로 숭상하는 대표 책임자'이며, 시장 맥락 측면에서는 '상업적 거래관계의 기회포착역량과 사업감각을 지닌 사업가', '호혜적 이익 거래자'이며, 자기자신 측면에서 기업가는 '자수성가형 인간', '긍정적 사고방식의 문제해결사이면서 불굴의 집념을 발휘하는 역경극복자', '원대한 목표 추구하는 야심가'이다. 역사적 사회문화적 맥락속에서 기업가와 상호작용하는 관계 측면에서의 기업가의 모습에 대한 논의는 반기업 또는 반기업가 정서를 조금이라도 완화시킬 수 있는 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.57.5-58
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• 2015

We describe relations between modern cosmology and general relativity in the historical context. We reveal some ironies imbedded in Einstein's final correction of his gravitational field equation in the context of cosmology in 1917 which has apparently opened a new era of modern physical cosmology. The ugly (according to Einstein) correction term was introduced only to build a static cosmology which turns out to be in flat contradiction with observation. Somehow, however, it is the correction term which has saved the modern cosmology from the genuine creativity of nature continuously revealed by astronomical observations. Whether the present precision cosmology is also a correct one is often ignored by the practitioners but still a pressing open question left for future theoretical and observational pursuits.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.83-94
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• 1993

This study examines changing norms concerning divorce in societal context of the historical perspective. The analysis indicates that the changes in divorce norms were particularly striking during industrialization and urbanization. In traditional society, there are various divorce norms according to each era. In Sam Kuk era, there is not the norms of divorce, but there is norms of divorce by Yea Kdeu ideology in Gorea era. During the Zo Sun era, the strict restrict seven possible norms and three overriding ones for divorce rates significantly rose in after the industrialization in response to the continuation of such social changes as greater participation of women in labor force, increased alternative to traditional marriage, the declining stigma attached to divorce, and the rising standard for individual happiness in marriage and so on. Divorce rates are also affected by other factors, such as political and economic conditions, geographic differences, and various demographic characteristics.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.97-108
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• 2020

This study aims at clarifying the planning methods and historical significance of Park Byung-Joo's New Seoul Blank Plan(1966) in the context of South Korea's Urban Design during the 1960-1970s. In addition, it also tries to reveal how the planner's ideas were transformed into realized urban projects in Korea. By the comparison of the New Seoul Blank Plan and these projects, we can come to understand how the new concepts of urban planning such as CIAM's planning principles, Neighborhood Unit Theory, New Town plan and green belt concept were adapted to Korean society in the 1960s and 1970s.

• 한국정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보시스템학회 1996년도 추계학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.110-123
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• 1996

Misunderstanding of multimedia in the computer industry, the confusion of consumers, and the lack of understanding of technology in the human context provide an impetus for examining and speculating on the future of multimedia. "What can a multimedia technology do ?" is not a sufficient question for consumers until we add "for whom." Both how the relevant technology is likely to develop and how human choices would be made are examined with a focus on historical trend in media technology adoption.