• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 1986

Clinical features of 406 patients with histologically verified thyroid carcinomas were investigated from May, 1978 to April, 1985 at the Seoul National University Hospital with the following results. 1) The incidence of thyroid cancer according to their histological classification was 79.8% of papillary carcinoma, 14.5% of follicular carcinoma, 1.5% of medullary carcinoma, 2.2% of anaplastic carcinoma, 2 cases of squamous carcinoma and 3 cases of lymphoma. 2) The age distribution showed the peak incidence in the fourth decade (25.1%), followed by the fifth and the third decade. 3) The ratio of male to female patients was 1 : 6.1. The ratio is 1 : 5.9 in papillary carcinoma and 1 : 8.8 in follicular carcinoma. 4) The mean age was 40.2 year in papillary carcinoma, 37.4 year in follicular carcinoma. 36.5 year in medullary carcinoma, 60.3 year in anaplastic carcinoma, 62.0 year in squamous carcinoma, 59.7 year in lymphoma. 5) The diameter of the thyroid masses was smaller than 1.5cm in 19.9% of the patients, from 1.5cm to 5cm in 50.5%, from 5cm to 10cm in 25.4% and larger than 10cm in 25.4%. 6) Metastasis to the regional lymph nodes at diagnosis was noted in 44.2% of total patients, and distant metastasis was 5%, and local infiltration was 44.2%. 7) The clinical staging was revealed 42.1% of the patients in stage I, 9.1% in stage II, 35.7% in stage III, 5.2% in stage IV, and 7.9% in undetermined stage.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 1999

Background : The pathogenesis of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP), Guillain Barre syndrome (GBS) is not clear, but it has been known that the immune mechanisms play an important role. Authors performed this study to establish an animal model of experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) by immunizing the myelin components of peripheral nerves and to understand the electrophysiological and histopathological features as well as the ${CD_5}^+$ B-lymphocyte changes in peripheral bloods in the EAN models. Methods : Lewis rats weighing 150-200 gm were injected subcutaneously in soles two times with total myelin, P0, P1, or P2 proteins purified from the bovine cauda eguina. The EAN induction was assessed by evaluating clinical manifestations. The electrophysiological and histopathological features were studied as routine methods. The ${CD_5}^+$ Blymphocytes were double stained using monoclonal FITC conjugated anti-rat CD45RA and R-PE conjugated anti-rat ${CD_5}^+$ antibodies and calculated using a fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS). Results : The EAN animal models were established. In two out of five, in one out of two, in none out of three, and in none out of one Lewis rats injected with purified total myelin, P0, P1, P2 proteins respectively, They showed slow spontaneous motor activity and weak resistance against pulling back by tails. The typical electrophysiological and histologic findings in total protein and P0 induced EAN animal models were the decreased conduction velocity, the decreased compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude and the dispersion phenomenon. The perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes with focal demyelinating process were found in light microscopy. The ${CD_5}^+$ B-lymphocyte expression in three EANs were 2.38%, 3.50% 2.50%, which were not significantly increased, compared with those in normal controls. Conclusion : The EAN animal models were successfully established by injecting the total myelin and P0 myelin and they showed electrophysiological and histological features typical of demyelinating process. However they did not show an increased expression of ${CD_5}^+$ B-lymphocyte in peripheral bloods which could be indirect evidence of humoral autoimmunity.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.486-497
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• 2015

Objectives Hataedock is an orally administered herbal extract treatment for newborn babies that dispels toxic heat and meconium gathered by the fetus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether Hataedock alleviates inflammatory skin damage in AD (Atopic Dermatitis)-induced NC/Nga mice through regulating and maintaining the skin barrier and anti-inflammation effects.Methods We established an AD model in three-week-old NC/Nga mice through the repeated application of DNFB (dinitrochlorobenzene) on days 28, 35, and 42 after Hataedock treatment was orally administered. We identified changes in the skin barrier and anti-inflammation effects through the histological and immunohistochemical changes of TNF- α, NF-κB p65, iNOS, COX-2, and apoptotic bodies.Results Skin damage and angiogenesis were mitigated in the HT (Hataedock) group. Damage to the intercellular space of the stratum corneum as well as hyperplasia, edema, the infiltration of lymphocytes, and the increase of capillaries decreased in the HT group. Our results suggest that Hataedock treatment significantly down-regulated levels of TNF- α by 38% (p<0.001) and of NF-κB p65 by 70% (p<0.001). But Hataedock up-regulated apoptosis by 183% in dermatitis-induced skin.Conclusions These results suggest that Hataedock alleviates AD through diminishing the various inflammatory cytokines in skin lesions that are involved in the initial steps of AD development. It might have potential applications for the prevention and treatment of atopic dermatitis.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.145-152
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• 2007

Transgenic mice were generated by microinjecting a plasmid DNA containing the SV40 (simian virus 40) large T antigen (Tag) gene fused with mouse albumin promoter/enhancer sequences into fertilized one-cell mouse embryos. Among eleven founder transgenic animals, four developed hepatocellular carcinoma, two showed kidney cancer and one developed skin and brain tumors. Three stable transgenic lines, #1-2, #1-6 and #1-11 were established. Members of the lines #1-6 and #1-11 reproducibly developed liver tumors by 8 to 10 weeks of age but did not exhibit any phenotypic changes in other tissues. Histological changes loading to liver tumor formation occurred with predictable kinetics and could be classified into three distinct stages; (a) newborn to 3 weeks of age, characterized by hyperplastic hepatocytes with reduced amounts of cytoplasm without any nuclear alterations, (b) between 4 to 8 weeks of age, characterized by diffuse liver cell dysplasia without observable tumor nodules, and (c) 9 weeks of age and thereafter, characterized by hepatocellular carcinomas in the background of extensive liver dysplasia. Metastasis to the lung from a liver carcinoma was observed in #1-11 founder animal. This transgenic mouse system displays similarities with human liver cancers in a number of aspects and provides a useful model for the study of molecular events involved in hepatocarcinogenesis.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 2001

The apicomplexan parasite, Perkinsus sp., has been reported as a causative pathogen responsible for the mass mortality of the Manila clams, Ruditapes philippinarum in European countries as well as in Korea. Prevalence, infection intensity, histopathologic features and zoosporulation of Perkinsus found in the Manila clams distributed along the coast of Cheju Island were investigated in this study. Clams were collected from nine different beaches along the Cheju Island from May to July in 2000. Ray's Fluid Thioglycollate Medium (RFTM) and Choi's NaOH lysis methods were applied in the diagnosis and quantification of the Perkinsus infection. Prevalence, percentage infection of the parasite examined was 100% in Pyosun, 70% in Sungsan, 63% in Kumneong, 33% in Jongdalri, 21% in Iho, 17% in Moslpo, and 14% in Seogwipo. No Perkinsus was found in the clams collected from Kimnyong and Yongmeo-ri. Infection intensity as a number of Perkinsus cells per gram tissue wet weight (twwt), was 98,430 cells/g twwt in Pyosun, 78,553 cells/g twwt in Sungsan, 18,980 cells/g twwt in Kumneong, 4,290 cells/g twwt in Jongdalri, 1,527 cells/g twwt in Iho, 1,069 cells/g twwt in Moslpo, and 853 cells/g twwt in Seogwipo. Histological preparation of the infected tissues revealed trophozoites of Perkinsus sp., ranged from 5 to 10 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, in diameter mostly distributed in the digestive gland and the gill filaments. Zoospores were discharged from the hypnospore via discharging tube about 2 days after incubated in filtered and aerated seawater. In general, the prevalence and infection intensity of Perkinsus in Cheju Island were much lower than that reported from the western and southern coast of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.382-388
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• 2014

Shortfin eel (Anguilla bicolor pacifica) is a species of commercial importance and its production is greatly affected due to the infection by Heterosporis anguillarum. In this study, we evaluated the effect of H. anguillarum infection on the growth of Shortfin eel. A disease that trunk muscle of cultured shortfin eel, Anguilla bicolor pacifica, were irregular and resulted in death, breakout of the commercial eel culture farm. We observed that the trunk muscle of infected eels were irregular and represented white or yellowish externally. Histopathologically, a great numbers of large or small spores and sporophorocysts were also observed in degenerated muscle layer. The cloning of specific gene of H. anguillarum, encoding small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU-rRNA) was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction(PCR) from the muscle lesion of diseased eel. The size of clone gene is well matched with the size of small subunit ribosomal RNA of H. anguillarum and thus confirming the infection by H. anguillarum.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.265-276
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• 2011

The aim of the present study is to validate the effects of treatment with different concentration of estrogen receptor alpha agonist, propyl pyrazole triol (PPT) on the weight and histological structure in the accessory reproductive organs (ventral prostate, seminal vesicle and preputial gland) of male mouse. Treated groups received different doses of PPT 0.01 mg, 0.1 mg and 1.0 mg per week respectively, for 3, 5, and 8 weeks. In general, the weight of reproductive organs was increased in PPT 0.01 mg and 0.1 mg treatment, however decreased in PPT 1.0 mg treatment. Epithelial tissues in the ventral prostate were changed from simple columnar epithelium to squamous or cuboidal epithelium in the treated groups. On week 3, PPT groups caused decrease of epithelial cell height in the ventral prostate. Lumen of the seminal vesicle was narrowed in the treated group. Epithelial cell height of seminal vesicle was reduced in the PPT treatment. Acinus tissue of preputial gland in PPT 1.0 mg treatment was dramatically atrophied than that of control group. These results are useful as a reference to determine the administration concentration of PPT in experiments for understanding the physiological functions of estrogen in the male.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.189-196
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• 2011

Histological study on egg envelope and oogenesis of Kichulchoia multifasciata (Pisces, Cobitidae) was carried out by light microscopes and scanning electron microscopes. Various developmental cells appeared in ovary of the specimen catched during November 2010. The cytoplasm of oogonia was acidic and many nucleoli were located at the inner side of nucleus membrane. The size of the oogonia was $103.9{\pm}24.7$ ${\mu}m$ with nucleus size $42.9{\pm}6.9$ (31.1~50.3) ${\mu}m$. Primary oocyte having $277.5{\pm}60.5$ (216.7~354.9) ${\mu}m$ in diameter began to accumulate yolk vesicles. As the developmental stages proceed, secondary oocyte grows larger to $617.6{\pm}85.1$ (503.4~723.6) ${\mu}m$, and eosinophilic yolk granules yolk granules appeared between the yolk vesicles occupying most cytoplasm, and there are some yolk mass formed already. There are some yolk mass formed already. Envelope of fertilized egg investigated by a scanning electron microscope had plenty of microvilli (2~3 ${\mu}m$ in length) over the entire egg surface and a micropyle. Especially, the microvilli surrounding the micropyle were longer than those of egg surface with $5.26{\pm}1.22$ ${\mu}m$.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.129-137
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of nude pack containing black tea water extract (NPBT) on skin wrinkle formation in hairless mice. Skin wrinkles were induced by UVB irradiation to the backs of hairless mice for 5 weeks. And at the same time, NPBT was applied topically. Wrinkle formation, histological changes, expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and protein activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were observed or analyzed. Wrinkles for the control group were formed as a pattern of deep furrows and thick crests. Whereas wrinkles for the NPBT treated group were formed as a pattern of shallow furrows and thin crests, and their wrinkle areas were significantly (p<0.001) lower than the control group. Collagen fibers were arranged irregularly and sparse in density and some elastic fibers were degenerated in the control group, while they were almost intact in the NPBT treated group. MMP-3 mRNA expression in the control group was significantly (p<0.001) higher than the normal group, and that of NPBT treated group was significantly (p<0.001) lower than the control group. The NPBT treated group showed remarkably lower protein activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 than the control group. NPBT could have a considerable inhibitory effect on skin wrinkle formation in hairless mice.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.508-514
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• 2013

2Department of Marine Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University Recently, we reported that diarylheptanoid hirsutenone (HST) effectively inactivated T lymphocytes. However, it has not been evaluated whether HST is involved in calcineurin or calmodulin inactivation. In the present study, cells were treated with T-cell inhibitors with or without HST. Our results revealed that HST successfully inhibited expression of T-helper type I (Th1) and Th2 cytokines. Co-treatment with HST and nuclear factor-activated T cell (NFAT) activation inhibitor III (INCA-6) showed a more sensitive effect than that with other inhibitors, suggesting that HST contributes to inhibition of dephosphorylation of NFAT in the cytosol. HST up-regulated cell cycle arrest genes and inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. These effects were confirmed in an NFAT electrophoretic-mobility shift assay via successful inhibition of NFAT translocation and in the histological recovery in a 2,4-dinitrochloro benzene-induced in vivo model. Taken together, HST was shown to effectively inhibit T-cell activation via inhibition of cytosolic NFAT dephosphorylation, similar to INCA-6.