• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.335-340
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the influence of the condition with and without external support on the strength of hip flexor in supine position in subjects without core stabilization. Hip flexor muscles are very functional in the hip joint structures. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the strength of hip flexor in a clinical and precise way. Methods: Twenty subjects participated in this study. The double bent leg-lower test was used to evaluate subjects without core stabilization. The strength of hip flexor muscles was evaluated in supine position, both with and without external support condition. The paired t-test was used to compare the strength of hip flexor muscles according to external support. The level of statistical significance was at α=0.05. The intra-rater reliability of the repeated measures of hip flexor strength was estimated by calculating the intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). Results: In subjects without core stabilization, the strength of hip flexor in supine was greater with external support than that without external support (p<0.05). In addition, the intra-rater reliability with an ICC (3, 1) of the strength measurement of hip flexor with external support was higher than that without external support. Conclusion: In subjects without core stabilization, the condition with external support can contribute to the strength of hip flexor in supine position and the strength measurement of hip flexor should be considered with the condition with and without external support.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.64-69
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• 2022

Background: Gluteus medius muscle is important for the stability of hip joint. The sufficient core stability can be contributed to the performance of gluteus medius muscle in standing position. In addition, the external support may affect core stability in standing position. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigated the effectiveness of the external support on the strength and muscle activity of hip abductor muscle during hip abduction in standing position in subjects without core stability. Methods: Fifteen subjects participated in this study. The subjects were evaluated by using the double-leg lowering with bent knees to measure the core stability. The strength and muscle activity of hip abductors was measured in standing position with the condition with and without external support using the tensiometer sensor and the surface electromyography. The paired t-test was used to investigate the difference between hip abductor strength and activity according to external support. The level of statistical significance was set at α = 0.05. Results: The hip abductor strength and muscle activity of gluteus medius muscle with external support were significantly greater than those without external support during hip abduction in standing position (p < 0.05). Conclusion: During hip abduction in standing position, the external support may be contributed to the improvement of the hip abductor strength and muscle activity of gluteus medius especially in the subjects without core stability.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2021

Background: Hip flexor muscles are very important in the hip joint structure as a mover and stabilizer. In addition, isometric hip flexor strength in the supine position needs to be considered with isometric core strength (WICS) to measure a precise strength in a clinical way. Objects: We compared isometric hip flexor strength in the supine position in subjects with and without WICS (between factors) and conditions with and without an external support (within factors). Methods: A total of 34 subjects (16 with WICS, 18 without WICS) participated in this study. We used the double-bent leg-lowering test to divide the subjects in two groups according to the presence of WICS. Isometric hip flexor strength was evaluated in the supine position both with and without an external support condition. The two-way mixed analysis of variance was applied to identify significant differences between groups (with vs. without WICS: between factors) and conditions (with vs. without an external support: within factors). Statistical significance was set at α = 0.05. Results: In subjects with WICS, isometric hip flexor strength was greater with an external support than without it (p = 0.0064). In subjects without WICS, there were no significant differences in isometric hip flexor strength in the presence or absence of an external support (p = 0.075). The isometric hip flexor strength was significantly greater with an external support condition in particular in subjects with WICS. Conclusion: The findings of this study reported that an external support condition in individuals with WICS may contribute to the improvement of isometric hip flexion strength in the supine position. Therefore, isometric core strength should be evaluated to distinguish the weakness between core region and hip flexors.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.504-514
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• 2017

Discomfort as well as muscular pain and musculoskeletal diseases occur in cases of stressed posture due to prolonged pressure. Therefore, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) and Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) recommend that bags that weigh no more than 15 - 20% of the wearer's weight. However, despite the prolonged pressure from using baby carriers, there are no recommendations and limited studies on how to protect wearers. Therefore, this study investigates subjective fatigue according to the usage of waist support and hip seat. Based on this, muscle fatigue and secondary subjective fatigue according to three types of currently commercial baby carriers (X-type, H-type, and H-hip type) were measured. Subjective comfortability was evaluated on a 5 point Likert-scale and subjective fatigue was evaluated on Borg's CR-10 scale. Objective muscle fatigue was also compared by measuring and analyzing electromyogram (EMG). The results of primary subjective fatigue showed statistically significant changes in the shoulders, waist, calves, and soles of the feet according to the usage of hip seats and waist support. Electromyogram measurements also showed less muscle fatigue at the upper trapezius muscle and thoracic erector spine muscle for the H-hip seat baby carrier, which has both waist support and hip seat, compared to an X-type baby carrier, which has neither. However, results of subjective fatigue showed opposite results at the waist despite having same results at the shoulders and beneath the shoulders. This show discrepancies between objective muscle fatigue and subjective fatigue; therefore, that both aspects must be taken into consideration when developing ergonomic baby carriers.

• The Journal of Engineering Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 2004

In the current Internet, IP addresses does not support Mobility and Multi-homming because it depend on their topological location. To resolve these problems, IETF hip WG introduces Host Identity Protocol that separates the endpoint identifier and locator roles of IP addresses. However the DNS that was presented for the HIP had only a part of the expansion design from the existing DNS function, so it was not an absolute complete method. This paper propose how the dymanic DNS has been designed so that it support the HIP completely. We added the Host Identity Namespace and the Rendezvous Server Namespace, defined the new PRs in DNS.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.19-26
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• 2017

Background: To improve lumbo-pelvic stability, passive support devices (i.e., a pelvic belt) are recommended clinically. Nevertheless, to understand the influence of passive support on lumbo-pelvic stability, it is necessary to examine the influence of a pelvic belt on the abdominal and hip abductor muscles. Objects: To examine the effects of a pelvic belt on the forces of the hip adductor and abductor muscles and activity of the abdominal muscles during isometric hip adduction and abduction. Methods: This study recruited 14 healthy men. All subjects performed isometric hip adduction and abduction with and without a pelvic belt in a neutral hip position. Load cells, wrapped with a non-elastic belt, were placed above the medial and lateral malleoli of the dominant leg to measure the muscle forces of the hip adductors and abductors, respectively. The forces of the hip adductors and abductors were measured using a load cell during isometric hip adduction and abduction, while the electromyographic activities of the bilateral rectus abdominis, internal oblique, and external oblique muscles were measured. Results: The forces generated by the hip adductors and abductors were significantly greater with the pelvic belt than without (p<.05). No significant differences in abdominal muscle activities between the two conditions were found (p>.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that use of a pelvic belt could lead to effective strengthening exercise of hip muscles in individuals with sacroiliac joint pain.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.162-169
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the conditions for the application of various plank exercises to people who require trunk stabilization by comparing trunk muscle activity according to the degree of hip abduction in the plank exercise. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Twenty healthy participants voluntarily participated in this study and the plank exercise was performed under 5 conditions (two-legged support plank [TSP] with hip abduction, TSP with hip abduction of 15 degrees, TSP with hip abduction of 30, one-legged support plank [OSP] with hip abduction of 15 degrees, OSP with hip abduction of 30 degrees). In order to measure the trunk muscle activity according to the 5 conditions, surface electromyography was used. The electrical activities of the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), and internal oblique (IO) muscles were measured during the 5 plank exercises. Subjects practiced each of the 5 conditions three times in random order and the average values were obtained. Results: In the OSP condition with 15/30 degrees of hip abduction, activities of the RA, EO, and IO were significantly greater than during the TSP (p<0.05). In the OSP with 30 degrees of hip abduction condition, activities of the left EO, IO were significantly greater than other plank exercise conditions (p<0.05). Conclusions: The plank exercise with hip abduction of 30 degrees and the OSP exercise can be suggested as an effective method to enhance the activity of the trunk oblique muscles.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.105-115
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• 2017

Continuous lifting and carrying of babies constitutes a serious physical burden, leading to issues such as muscle fatigue and pain in child-care workers. However, there is a lack of research on the pressure and subjective comfort of baby carriers that are commercially available in the market. Therefore, this study was intended to determine the most comfortable and least burdensome type of baby carrier. This was done by analyzing muscle activity and pressure when subjects carried babies using three types of baby carriers. The types of baby carriers evaluated included a 'baby carrier of thin shoulder straps without back support band (X-type)', a 'baby carrier with a back-support band and without a hip sheet (H-type)', and a 'baby carrier with back support band and hip support (H-hip type). The subjective comfort of subjects wearing each type of baby carrier was investigated and compared to the objectively measured data. As a result, the X-type baby carrier showed the heaviest pressure on the shoulders and the subjective comfort was found to not be good. On the waist region, the H-type and H-hip type baby carriers showed significantly less muscle activation than the X-type baby carrier. However, subjects showed a stronger preference for the X-type baby carrier on the waist region, despite greater muscle activation. This appears to be because although the back-support band disperses the weight and thus improves physiological comfort; the wearers feel cramped and thus, lower their psychological comfort.

• Journal of Korean Society of Neurocognitive Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.19-26
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• 2018

Many people do not realize that they have poor neck posture. Incorrect forward head posture can lead to turtle neck. This aim to development of specific chair to reduce tension and other symptoms of turtle neck posture. This turtle neck syndrome adjusting chair is a chair that supports the hip and shin of a person to help them correct their posture. It is consisted of the shin support that supports the shin in an angle and the hip support that supports one's hip while the shin is supported at an angle, the main frame that has the two of them connected and the fluid seat that is joined at the top of the hip support and reacts accordingly to the shape of the hip. This is a posture correction chair which has the fluid seat that provides unstable hip support so that it can allow a person to realize their posture from the constant stimulation about the posture. When one seats on the posture correction chair, their hip and shin are supported at an angle that straitens their back, and as their back is straightened, their shoulders and chest are opened, and the neck is positioned at the middle to help them correct their posture. An unbalanced posture causes discomfort to the person seated at the chair, and the person sitting on the posture correction chair will continuously adjust his/her posture to balance the hips to keep the correct posture. Through this process, the person shall adjust his/her left and right posture, ultimately increasing the effectiveness of posture correction. A future collective study on the continuous posture correction of people having turtle neck syndrome using this posture correction chair is required.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.453-458
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• 2001

The aim of this study is to present the basic reference data of age and specific gait parameters for Parkinson's Disease Patients. The basic gait parameters were extracted from 5 patients, 5 men and 65 years of age using VICON 512 Motion Analyzer. The temporal gait parameters and kinematic parameters is data of Parkinson's Disease Patients. The results were as follows; 1. The cadence, velocity, stride length decreased and single limb support period, double limb support period increased than normal adult in the temporal parameters. 2. The mean angles of joint pelvic tilt and hip, knee, ankle joint decreased than normal adult at kinematic characteristics on sagittal plane. 3. The mean angles of joint pelvic tilt and hip, knee joint has no difference than normal adult at kinematic characteristics on coronal plane. 4. The mean angles of joint pelvic tilt, hip joint no difference and internal, external rotation in ankle joint significantly decreased than normal adult at kinematic characteristics on transverse plane.