• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.935-948
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• 2021

This study aimed to typify men's beliefs, perceptions, values, and attitudes, regarding foundation underwear, and examine the characteristics of each perception. Thirty-one statements on men's correctional underwear were selected, and Q classification was conducted with 20 men in their 30s and 40s as the P samples. Factors were extracted using principal component analysis and varimax rotation. Type 1 was the "fit improvement disadvantage cover type", which covered the target area, and improved the clothing fit. Type 2 was referred to as the "highlighting the advantages of chest correction" type, that was used to improve chest correction and exercise efficiency. "Positive wear for compensation of the abdomen", was listed as type 3, and was worn for abdominal correction. It was believed that type 3 could be used to correct body shape even if it was uncomfortable. Type 4, the "hip-up correction functional type", emphasized functionality based on its hip-up correction design.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

Most exercise for Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) has focused on selectively strengthening the vastus medialis oblique muscle (VMO). Although open chain knee extension exercises are effective for increasing overall quadriceps strength, they are not always indicated for PFPS rehabilitation. This study was designed to identify the effect of combined posture of lower extremity on Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the vastus lateralis muscle (VL) and VMO during static squat exercises. The subjects were twenty young adult males who had not experienced any knee injury and their Q-angle was within a normal range. They were asked to perform static squat exercises in five various postures using their lower extremities. The EMG activity of the VL and VMO were recorded in five exercises by surface electrodes and normalized by %MVC values derived from seated, isometric knee extensions. The normalized EMG activity levels (%MVC) of the VL and VMO for the five postures of the lower extremities were compared using one way ANOVA with repeated measures. Results of repeated measures of ANOVA's revealed that exercise 3 and exercise 5 produced significantly greater EMG activity of VMO/VL ratios than exercise 1 (p<.05). When the static squat exercise was combined with hip adduction and toes pointed outwardly, the EMG activity of VMO/VL rates was increased. The EMG activity of VMO/VL ratio was highest during static squat exercises performed on a decline squat. These results haveimportant implications for progressive and selective VMO muscle strengthening exercises in PFPS patients.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.115-130
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• 2014

Objectives The objective of this study is to interpretate Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in "Zhu-Bing-Yuan-Hou-Lun Yao-Bei-Bing-Zhu-Hou" in a modern kineologic approach Methods Based on the interpretation of "Zhu-Bing-Yuan-Hou-Lun Yao-Bei-Bing-Zhu-Hou" and implementation of its kinesiology, this study presents similar kineologies and their purposes, with the reference to various documents on modern kinesiology. Results 1) Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in "Zhu-Bing-Yuan-Hou-Lun Yao-Bei-Bing-Zhu-Hou" is similar to stretching, active exercise and resistance exercise. 2) Exercises in Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in "Zhu-Bing-Yuan-Hou-Lun Yao-Bei-Bing-Zhu-Hou", which are similar to resistance exercise, can be used for isometic exercise of cervical extensor. 3) Exercises in Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in "Zhu-Bing-Yuan-Hou-Lun Yao-Bei-Bing-Zhu-Hou", which are similar to Stretching exercise, has its purpose to stretch quadratus Lumborum, lateral side of body, gluteus Maximus, quadriceps femoris, shoulder extensor, hamstrings, hip joint, ankle dorsi flexor, thoracic rotator,inferior shoulder joint. 4) Exercises in Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in "Zhu-Bing-Yuan-Hou-Lun Yao-Bei-Bing-Zhu-Hou", which are similar to active exercise, can be used for strengthen exteral oblique. 5) Doctors can make various applications of Yansaeng-Doinbub. For example, it can be used to correct improper low back and neck exercise patterns. 6) Yangsaeng-Doinbub also describes breathing methods, which help normalization of breathing exercises and increase the efficiency of spine exercises. Conclusions The modern interpretation on kinesiology of Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in "Zhu-Bing-Yuan-Hou-Lun Yao-Bei-Bing-Zhu-Hou" leads to a conclusion that Yangsaeng-Doinbub consists of numourous exercises for various body parts. In particular, breathing methods increase efficiency of such exercises. Plus, the exercises in Yangsaeng-Doinbub can be applied to various uses by doctors.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.63-76
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• 2003

This research was performed to compare spinal segment motion angle between low back pain (LBP) group and painless group during trunk flexion-extension and to investigate the effect of transversus abdominis strengthening exercise on spinal segment motion angle in LBP group. Nine subjects with LBP and ten subjects without LBP participated. Transversus abdominis strengthening exercise was performed in LBP group for three weeks, and spinal segment motion angles were compared before and after the exercise performance. Spinal segment motion angles were measured both in sitting and standing position. Results were as followed: 1) Subjects' average age was 24.79 years, height was 167.84 cm, and weight was 59.95 kg. 2) Spinal segment motion angle of T10/l1 was significantly higher in LBP group compared with painless group (p<.05) in sitting position during trunk flexion-extension. 3) In sitting position, whereas entire lumbar segment motion angles were lower in LBP group compared with painless group (p<.05), angle of L4/5 was higher in LBP group compared with painless group (p<.05). 4) There was no significant difference in thoracic segment motion angle in standing position. 5) After three weeks of transversus abdominis strengthening exercise, thoracic segment motion angle increased both in sitting and standing position (p<.05). 6) In painless group, there was no significant difference in entire spinal segment motion angles in sitting and standing position (p>.05). When spinal segment motion angles were compared between sitting and standing position, there were slight differences. In sitting position, there was no difference in spinal segment motion angle between LBP group and painless group while hip joint motion angle and sacral inclination angle of LBP group was lower than those of painless group (p<.05). In standing position, lumbar segment motion angle was significantly lower in LBP group than that of painless group. Transversus abdominis strengthening exercise influenced thoracic segment motion angle more significantly than lumbar segment motion angle.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.675-686
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• 2005

It is known that appropriate exercise changes body composition and improves coronary artery disease. This study was undertaken to evaluate the relationships between aerobic exercise, body composition, and the blood lipid levels in the middle-aged women(33 to 54 years old). The 57 subjects were divided into two groups based on their exercise: the aerobic exercise group(A group: 44) which performed at about $60\%$ of $VO_2max$ during over 6 months and the sedentary one(S group: 13). The percentages of body fat waist/hip ratio(WHR), body mass, and lean body mass of two groups were measured and compared in serum HDLC level and oxidized LDL level, the two most effective factors of coronary artery disease. The subjects in A group showed the lower percentages of body fat and WHR, when compared with the ones in S group. The body mass and lean body mass of A group subjects were higher than those of S group subjects. The serum HDL-C level$(58.6\pm12.7mg/mL)$ was significantly higher for A than S group subjects.(p<0.05) The sem ox-LDL level $(6.64\pm4.11Eu/mL)$ for A group subjects was lower than S group ones. The fat mass showed significantly positive correlations with atherogenic index(AI)(r=0.301, p<0.05), and with blood glucose levels(r=0.334, p<0.05). Also the WHR whowed significantly positive correlations with LDL-C levels(r=0.277, p<0.05), and with AI(r=0.466, p<0.01). In summary, the subjects in A group have the lower percentages of body fat and WHR, when compared with the ones in S group. Also, A group subject showed a tendency that exercise enhances serum HDL-C levels and decreases oxidized LDL levels. And aerobic exercise showed positive results which change body composition and improve blood lipid levels. There were significantly positive correlations among the percentages of body fat At and blood glucose level. These results suggest that moderately intensive exercise is a significant factor in reducing coronary artery disease.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of foot strengthening exercise program and functional insoles on joint angle and plantar pressure in elderly women. Thirteen elderly women who were enrolled in a university senior citizens academy of a metropolitan city in 2017 were divided into two groups: exercise group with functional insole (n=7) and exercise group without functional insole (n=6). Method: Three-dimensional motion analysis and Pedar-X were performed to compute the joint angle and the foot plantar pressure, respectively. Two-way repeated measure ANOVA was conducted to compare dependent variables within and between groups. The significance level was set at ${\alpha}=.05$. Results: The range of motion (ROM) of the ankle, knee, and hip joints in the exercise group with functional insole increased significantly more than the exercise group without functional insole. In both the experimental group and the comparison group, the maximum foot plantar pressure and the mean foot plantar pressure were decreased, but the comparison group without functional insole showed more decrease. Since the experimental group demonstrated greater pressure than the comparison group in the contact area (forefoot, midfoot), it was distributed over a greater area. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that participation in foot strengthening exercises and using a functional insole has more positive effects than foot strengthening exercises alone on the joint angle and plantar pressure in elderly women. Increased foot plantar pressure led to an increased contact area (forefoot, midfoot) for distribution of the foot plantar pressure, but the effect of reducing the maximum and average plantar pressures was incomplete. However, wearing functional insoles along with exercise, could help in improving the stability of the joints, by increasing the range of motion, and could help the elderly in movement of the muscles more effectively, leading to an improvement in gait function.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.213-226
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• 2015

Objectives : This study was aimed to show the effect of electroacupuncture combined with magnetic acupuncture on abdominal obesity without patient dieting, exercise or use of herbal medication. Methods : Women over 85 cm in waist circumference were treated with electroacupuncture combined with magnetic acupuncture. Acupuncture points were located at the abdomen ($CV_{12}$, $CV_6$, $ST_{25}$, $ST_{21}$, $SP_{15}$, $SP_{14}$), extremities ($LI_4$, $LI_{11}$, $ST_{36}$, $ST_{44}$) and were stimulated 30 minutes with 2.1~3 Gaus, 500 Hz, tolerable strength. The Interference wave forms were by Whata 153 (Medi Lab, Korea). Two or three treatment sessions per week (five or ten sessions in total) were done. Before treatment, and after the last treatment, we measured waist circumference, hip circumference, waist hip ratio, thickness of abdominal subcutaneous fat, body weight, body mass index, body fat ratio, visceral fat area, free fat mass, body fat mass and skeletal muscle mass. We also measured the subcutaneous temperature of the abdomen($CV_{12}$, $ST_{25}(Rt)$, $ST_{25}(Lt)$, $CV_6$) by using digital infrared thermal imaging(DITI). Results : In this study, significant reductions were shown in waist circumference, hip circumference, thickness of abdominal subcutaneous fat, body weight, body mass index, body fat ratio and body fat mass. There were no significant differences in waist hip ratio, free fat mass or skeletal muscle mass. There were also significant increases of the subcutaneous temperature on $CV_{12}$, $ST_{25}(Rt)$, $ST_{25}(Lt)$. Conclusions : From the above results, electroacupuncture combined with magnetic acupuncture might be an effective treatment for abdominal obesity.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2017

Objective: To investigate rotation movement of segment for performing each position and its effect on knee/hip angulation, COM inclination, and edging angle changes. Method: Twelve Alpine skiers (age: $25.8{\pm}4.8years$, height: $173.8{\pm}5.9cm$, weight: $71.4{\pm}7.4kg$, length of career: $9.9{\pm}4.6years$) participated in this study. Each skier was asked to perform counter-rotation, neutral, and rotation positions. Results: Shank and thigh were less rotated in the counter-rotation position than in other positions, whereas the trunk and pelvis were more counter-rotated (p<.05). Hip angulation, COM inclination, and edging angle were significantly greater in the counter-rotation position than in other positions (p<.05). Conclusion: Our finding proved that the counter-rotation position increases hip angulation, COM inclination, and edging angle. Consequently, we suggest that skiers should perform counter-rotation of the trunk and pelvis relative to the ski direction in the vertical axis for the counter-rotation position. Further analysis will continue to investigate the effects of the counter-rotation position in real ski slope with kinetic analysis.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2022

Background: Functional massage is a therapeutic massage that incorporates joint motion in non-end-range to reduce pain and improve range of motion (ROM) in patients. This study was aimed at investigating the immediate effect of functional massage on pain, range of motion, balance ability and, gait speed of patients having undergone total hip replacement. Methods: Twenty patients were treated by one participating orthopedic manual physical therapist and randomly assigned to the control group (n=10) or the experimental group (n=10). To treat patients of each group, functional massage and range of motion exercises were used. The experimental group received a functional massage and the control group received range of motion exercise for minutes for one session. The visual analog scale was used for pain assessment. Balance ability was measured using a timed up and go test and a one-leg standing test for patients. The 10-meter walk test was used for the measurement of gait speed assessment of patients. Results: Significant improvements were observed in terms of balance ability (p<.05), gait speed (p<.05), and ROM (p<.05) after functional massage. There was no significant inter-group difference (p>.05). Conclusion: Application of the functional massage showed that statistically significant improvements in ROM, gait speed, and balance ability after a single treatment session. This technique may be a useful treatment in patients having undergone total hip replacement.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.417-427
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a 12-week combined exercise training program on the body composition, physical fitness levels, and metabolic syndrome profiles of obese women. Methods: Twelve obese women were assigned to the combined exercise training program group. The women underwent training for 70-90 min/d, three times per week for a period of 12 weeks. Paired samples t-tests were performed using SPSS ver. 17.0 for analysis of the results. Results: The results of this study showed that body-composition parameters such as weight, fat-free mass, body fat mass, body-mass index, body fat, waist-hip ratio, basal metabolic rate, and intra-abdominal fat, physical fitness parameters such as muscle strength, muscle endurance, flexibility, and cardiac endurance, and metabolic syndrome biomarkers such as triglyceride levels, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, glucose levels, systolic blood pressure, and waist circumference before participation the training program differed significantly from those after participation in the training program (p<0.05). However, diastolic blood pressure before participation in the training program did not differ significantly from that after participation in the training program (p>0.05). Conclusion: We concluded that a 12-week combined exercise training program could be a good exercise program for improvement of the body composition, physical fitness levels, and metabolic syndrome profiles of obese women.