• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.162-171
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate the relationship between obesity, health-related lifestyle, and dietary intake and serum lipid level in 96 male university students. Health-related lifestyle factors were obtained from questionnaires. Dietary intakes were evaluated with one-day 24-hr recall and two-day dietary record. Anthoropometric data were recorded and serum cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations were measured. 21.9%, 36.5%, 36.5%, and 6.2% of the subjects had levels beyond the normal range in serum total cholesterol(TC), HDL-cholesterol(HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol(LDL-C), and triacyglycerol respectively, and 57.3% of the subjects had more than one hyperlipidemic factor. TC was correlated positively with BMI(p〈0.01), waist length(p〈0.05), hip length(p〈0.05), and the amount of smoking(p〈0.05). HDL-C was correlated negatively with BMI(p〈0.05) and hip lenghth(p〈0.05). LTD-C was correlated positively with BMI(p〈0.01), water length(p〈0.05), hip length(p〈0.01), and coffee consumption(p〈0.05). TG was correlated positively with waist length(p〈0.01), waist-to-hip ratio(p〈0.05), and amount of smoking(p〈0.01) and negatively correlated with frequence of exercise(p〈0.05). Among nutrient intakes, only the ratio of protein to energy was correlated negatively with TC(p〈0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that BMI, waist length, hip length, waist-to-hip ratio, and amount of cigarette smoking were associated with an increased risk of hyper-TC. BMI, waist length, and hip length were associated with an increased risk of hypo-HDL-C. BMI and coffee consumption were associated with an increased risk of hyper-LDL-C. Amount of cigarette smoking was associated with an increased risk of hyper-TG. In conclusion, a high prevalence of hyperlipidemia in subjects was observed. Also obesity, smoking, and coffee consumption were observed to be highly with the risk of hyperlipidemia in subjects. These findings imply that these factors should be primarily considered in planing the nutrition education program for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in male university students.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.161-163
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 등속성 운동수행 및 측정시 hip joint angle에 따라 대퇴근육의 concentric 과 eccentric 근력차이를 분석하기 위하여 등속성 기기 의자 등받이 경사각도를 $100^{\circ}$, $120^{\circ}$, $140^{\circ}$에서 peak torque를 검사하였다. 대상자는 20대 초반의 건강한 남자 대학생 12명을 대상으로, 등속성 기기(Isomed 2000, Germany)를 이용하여 seated position에서 $60^{\circ}/s$ 의 각속도를 사용하여 검사를 수행하였다. 측정순서는 등속성기기 의자 등받이 경사각도 $100^{\circ}$, $120^{\circ}$, $140^{\circ}$ 순으로 2-3일 간격으로 진행하였다. 통계처리 방법은 SPSS 12.0 프로그램을 이용하여 평균과 표준편차를 산출하였으며, 각각의 hip angle에 따른 단축성과 신장성 peak torque 값의 차이는 one-way ANOVA(3RM)을 이용하여 처리하였고, 사후검증은 Tukey를 사용하였으며, 유의수준은 p<.05로 하였다. 연구결과 대퇴사두근의 단축성 근력은 등속성 기기 의자 등받이 경사각 $100^{\circ}$, $120^{\circ}$, $140^{\circ}$사이에 유의한 차이(p=.000)가 나타나 사후 분석결과 $100^{\circ}$와 $120^{\circ}$ 사이(p<.01) 그리고 $100^{\circ}$와 $140^{\circ}$ 사이(p<.001)에 유의한 차이를 나타내었으며, 신장성 근력에서는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 햄스트링의 단축성 근력은 3종류의 hip angle사이에 유의한 차이(p=.001)가 나타나 사후분석결과 $100^{\circ}$와 $140^{\circ}$사이(p<.05) 그리고 $120^{\circ}$와 $140^{\circ}$ 사이(p<.01)에 유의한 차이를 나타내었으며, 그러나 신장성 근력에서는 유의한 차이가 나타지 않았다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 볼 때 등속성 운동수행 및 근력측정 시 hip joint angle 에 따라 대퇴사두근과 햄스트링의 단축성 근력에서 유의한 차이가 나타나 hip joint angle을 고려하여 대퇴근육의 운동및 측정이 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1426-1434
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• 2018

This study was conducted to observe the isokinetic strength (IS) of the hip, ankle, and knee joints in young age groups. Thirty eight men and thirty one women with mean age of $30.4{\pm}3.5$ and $32.8{\pm}4.4years$, respectively, were enrolled in this study. Measurements of hip flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction at $30^{\circ}/sec$, Knee flexion and extension at $60^{\circ}/sec$, ankle inversion, eversion, plantarflexion, and dorsiflexion $30^{\circ}/sec$ were conducted. Absolute IS (Nm), relative IS (Nm/kg), strength ratios, correlations between movements were observed. Significant differences in absolute and relative strength were observed between groups in all movement except in the relative ankle strength. Relative isokinetic strength ratios of hip flexion/extension were .45 and .55, knee flexion/extension were .84 and .89, ankle dorsi/plantarflexion were .30 and .29, and ankle eversion/inversion were .86 and .84 for men and women, respectively. In the hip extension, men had about three times the body weight, and women had about 2.5 times the strength. The abduction muscle had about 1.5 times the body weight of both men and women. Height and body weight showed the significantly strong correlating relationship with hip (r, .76-.86) and knee (r, .67-.84) strength. However, ankle strength showed the comparatively correlating relationship, especially in women (r, .03 - .36). Similar age and physique characteristics of female and male groups could provide useful isokinetic strength reference values for developing the exercise program for healthy and rehabilitation groups.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.723-728
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• 2003

The physical restoration technology for lower limb amputees is being advanced as the biomechatronics is being applied to the area of rehabilitation. As the advanced prosthetics for lower limb amputees are introduced, a suitable prescription of biomechanical rehabilitation training becomes important to utilize the advanced full features of the devices. Since lower limb amputation significantly affects biomechanical balance of mosculoskeletal system for gait, an appropriate and optimal biomechanical training and exercise should be provided to rebalance the system before wearing the prostheses. Particularly, biomechanical muscular training for hip movements in the both affected and sound lower limbs is important to achieve a normal-like ambulation. However, there is no study to understand the effect of hip muscle strength on the gait performance of lower limb amputees. To understand the hip muscle strength characteristics for normal and amputated subjects, the isokinetic exercises for various ratios of concentric contraction to eccentric contraction were performed for hip flexion-extension and adduction-abduction. As a results. biomechanical isokinetic training protocols and performance measurement methodologies for lower limb amputees were developed in this study. Using the protocols and measurement methods, it has been understood that the appropriate and optimal biomechanical prescription for the rehabilitation process for lower limb amputees is important for restoring their gait ability

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.362-381
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• 2017

People are most commonly divided by their nationality, but that does not mean they share the same culture. Even for people from one cultural background, subcultures play an important role for diversity and identity, and popular music is one way to express them. This study analyzed 6 songs of the Hip Hop genre from the US, Germany and South Korea, with one song each from the time of first emergence of the term 'Hip Hop' and one song each from 2016, selected on the basis of popularity indicated by music record sales and specialist literature on the history of Hip Hop. Through semiotic analysis of early and recent Hip Hop in each country, the changes in popular Hip Hop over time were examined. The results of this study show that through standardization, Hip Hop in the three countries has superficially become more similar and more focused on the individual, but on a detailed level shows significant differences: while U.S. Hip Hop refers to the American Dream, German Hip Hop displays an extreme image of masculinity, and Korean Hip Hop deals with private thoughts. Although popular Hip Hop nowadays does not explicitly exercise social criticism it is still ascribed the symbolic significance of a rebellious and revolutionary cultural practice that can be used to criticize and change culture as well as society.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.423-433
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• 2021

Purpose: Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is a method for promoting functional movements by facilitating neuromuscular responses through the stimulation of proprioceptors in the body using spiral and diagonal patterns. Irradiation, a basic principle of PNF, is a phenomenon in which the muscle activity of a body part caused by resistance is increased or spread into muscles in other parts via their connected muscles. Resistance training can be divided by body alignment into closed and open chain exercises. Methods: In this study, 19 healthy men in their 20s and 30s were selected as subjects. They performed PNF hip flexion, abduction, and internal rotation motions on their dominant side in an open chain exercise posture in which the nondominant sole was away from the wall, and in a closed chain exercise posture in which the sole was fixed to the wall. The nondominant leg's muscle activity was measured while resistance was maintained with applied pressure at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the maximum muscle strength in the last range of motions. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted for a comparative analysis of the contralateral leg's muscle activity according to the chain exercise postures and the intensity of resistance intensity during PNF hip flexion, abduction, and internal rotation. In addition, an independent sample T-test was conducted for a comparative analysis of each chain exercise posture according to the intensity of resistance. A one-way ANOVA and a Scheffe post-hoc test were also performed to analyze the contralateral leg's muscle activity according to the intensity of resistance in the closed and open chain exercise postures. Results: Results of the two-way ANOVA found that the gluteus medius and the biceps femoris had statistically significant differences in both the chain exercise postures and resistance intensity (p<0.05), and that the vastus medialis and the gastrocnemius did not exhibit statistically significant differences in the chain exercise postures (p>0.05) but showed statistically significant differences in resistance intensity (p<0.05). As a result of the independent sample T-test, the application of the PNF hip flexion-abduction-internal rotation pattern led to a statistically significant difference in the contralateral gluteus medius during the closed chain exercise posture (p<0.05). According to the results of the one-way ANOVA and the Scheffe post-analysis, statistically significant differences were observed in the gluteus medius at 50%, biceps femoris at 75%, vastus medialis at 100%, and gastrocnemius at 100% during the closed chain exercise posture based on a resistance intensity of 0% (p<0.05). In the open chain exercise posture, statistically significant differences were found in the gluteus medius at 50%, biceps femoris at 50%, and vastus medialis at 75% based on the resistance intensity of 0% (p<0.05). In the same posture, there was no significant difference in the gastrocnemius's resistance intensity (p>0.05). Conclusion: When the PNF leg pattern is applied, each muscle requires effective chain exercise postures and resistance intensity to generate the contralateral leg muscle's irradiation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.519-528
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a moderate-intensity, walking exercise program on the body composition, blood lipids and psychosocial outcomes in postmenopausal obese women. Methods: With a quasi-experimental pre- and post-test design, a total of 36 postmenopausal obese women was recruited in 2 metropolitan areas by convenience sampling. Sixteen women participated in 1 hour of moderate-intensity walking exercise 5 days per week for 3 months and 20 women did not. Cardiovascular risk factors include body composition and blood lipids. Body composition was measured as body mass index, % body fat, and waist/hip ratio; Blood lipids were measured with total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL; psychosocial outcomes were evaluated by self-esteem and depression. Results: Over 3 months, the score of self-esteem increased and depression decreased in the exercise group relative to the control group. However, there were no significant differences in body composition and blood lipids. Conclusions: This study suggests that 3 months of moderate-intensity exercise training can improve psychosocial outcomes but further studies are needed to replicate walking exercise on physiologic variables among postmenopausal obese women. These findings are of public health relevance and add a new facet to the growing literature on the health benefits of moderate exercise.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.319-324
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• 2012

Purpose: This study examined the muscle activities of the erector spinae (ES) and gluteus maximus (GM) during bridging exercises with and without abdominal-hollowing. Methods: Nineteen healthy subjects with no medical history of low back pain or hip flexion contracture were enrolled in this study. The subjects performed bridging exercises with and without abdominal hollowing or with and without a one-leg lift. The muscle activities of the ES and GM were measured by surface electromyography during bridging exercises under each condition. A 2 (abdominal hollowing)X2 (one-leg lift) repeated ANOVA was used to compare the normalized muscle activities of the ES and GM. Results: The muscle activity of the ES during bridging exercise with abdominal-hollowing was significantly smaller than that without abdominal-hollowing (p=0.00). The muscle activities of the GM during bridging exercise with abdominal-hollowing were significantly greater than those without abdominal-hollowing (p=0.00). In addition, the muscle activities of the GM during bridging exercise with one-leg lifting was significantly greater than that without one-leg lifting (p=0.00). Conclusion: Bridging exercise with abdominal-hollowing appears to be more effective on activating the GM muscle than that without abdominal-hollowing minimizing the activation of the ES muscle.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.13-20
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• 2009

Objectives : In order to investigate change of isokinetic trunk muscle strength according to decrease of body composition analysis parameter after obesity treatment. Methods : 2 obese patients have been treated with oriental medical obese treatment for 1 month. One patient got the exercise treatment, another didn't. Before and after treatment, the segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis, isokinetic trunk muscle strength test were performed. Then we analyzed the relationship of data. Results : After obesity treatment, BMI(Body Mass Index), PBF(Percentage of Body Fat), WHR(Waist Hip Ratio) were decreased in all patient and LBM(Lean Body Mass) was increased. In non-exercise patient, Ext.PT(extension Peak Torque) was decreased and Flex.PT(flexion Peak Torque) was increased. In exercise patient showed the opposite results. E/F ratio became more imbalance. Conclusions: Ext.PT was decreased in non-exercise patient but increased in exercise patient. And the trunk muscle strength became imbalance in both patients, right after the treatment. So trunk muscle exercise should be carried out and it is necessary to do long term study.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.449-457
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• 2001

This study was performed to show change of fat-free mass(FFM), representing mostly the muscle mass change, and muscle strength with increasing age, and relationship between dietary, exercise behaviors and FFM in healthy middle-and old aged women who are of age over 55 years. The FFM and correspondingly hand grip strength showed significant positive correlation with age. But concentration of serum albumin showed no significant relationship with age. The subjects were categorized into groups according to FFM tertile. The anthropometry such as weight, BMI, fat mass, circumferences of waist and hip, WHR, and hand grip strength decreased significantly in the lowest FFM group. But the albumin level showed no change according to FFM level. The FFM showed significant correlation with nutrient intakes such as energy, carbohydrate, protein, Fe, P, Ca. No association, however, was shown with exercise behavior probably because of no case with resistance exercise habits. The variance of FFM was explained 55.2% by height and carbohydrate intake. The variance of height-adjusted FFM could be explained only 16.2% by intake amount of carbohydrate. In conclusion, the decrease of FFM may cause to reduce muscle strength in female elderly. The increasing nutrient intakes were associated with the increased FFM and may protect from risk of sarcopenia. However, only the carbohydrate intake could influence independently the FFM in middle- and old-aged women. The FFM has no association with endurance exercise habits. (Korean J Nutrition 34(4) : 449∼457, 2001)