• International journal of advanced smart convergence
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.49-57
• /
• 2020

We have not identified on what gender difference during gait at a pace of one's preferred velocity effects on the function of bilateral lower limb. This study was undertaken to investigate a difference of gait strategy by gender during gait at a one's preferred velocity of participants of adult male and female (n=20). Cinematographic data for motion analysis, ground reaction force (GRF) variables, and muscle volume of lower limb were analyzed. Significant difference of variables on movement of center of mass whole body, joint angle and moment of lower limb, and ground reaction force were tested by 2-way ANOVA analysis (P<0.05). Male group showed more muscle volume than female, and both showed more volume in dominant leg than non-dominant. Main effect by bilateral leg during gait showed higher difference in right than left leg in change of vertical position of center of mass (maximal, minimal). Main effect by gender in vertical change of position and velocity of center of mass showed higher difference in male than female (maximal, minimal). Hip joint showed more flexed and extended angle in male than female, and also dorsiflexion of ankle and flexion moment of knee and hip joint showed higher in male than female group. Therefore, this result was assumed that dominant showed furthermore more contribution for propulsive function than non-dominant leg. Gender difference showed in strategy controlling of biomechanical characteristics, and perhaps influenced by muscle volume.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
• /
• v.52 no.8
• /
• pp.506-509
• /
• 2003

This paper describes the possibility of analyzing gait pattern from the changes of the lower leg electrical impedance. This impedance was measured by the four-electrode method. Two current electrodes were applied to the thigh, knee, and foot., and two potential electrodes were applied to the lateral, medial, and posterior position of human leg. The correlation coefficients of the joint angle and the impedance change from human leg movement was obtained using a electrogoniometer and 4ch impedance measurement system developed in this study. We found the optimal electrode position for knee and ankle joint movements based on high correlation coefficient, least interference, and maximum magnitude of impedance change. The correlation coefficients of the ankle, knee, and the hip movements were -0.913, 0.984 and 0.823, respectively. From such features of the human leg impedance, it has been made clear that different movement patterns exhibit different impedance patterns and impedance level. This system showed feasibility that lower leg movement could be easily measured by impedance measurement system with a few skin-electrodes.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.149-154
• /
• 2023

Objective: This study is designed to investigate the effect of ankle joint position on hip extensor muscle activity when bridging exercise in sagittal plane. Design: Cross-sectional study Methods: The subjects were recruited from 20 healthy adult men. The subjects performed three types of bridging exercises (normal bridging, ankle dorsiflexion bridging, ankle plantar flexion bridging) three times for five seconds with a rest of 15 seconds between measurements and two minutes of rest between each motion. The target muscles were the gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, soleus, and tibialis anterior. A surface electromyography was used to measure the muscle activity of these muscles. Results: The results show there was no statistically significant difference between the three types of exercise in the gluteus maximus muscle activity. However, the biceps femoris showed a significant difference between the three types of exercises (p<0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, when the three different bridging exercises were performed by adding ankle motion to normal bridging exercise, there was a significant difference in the muscle activity of the gluteus maximus relative to the biceps femoris muscle activity in the order of the ankle dorsiflexion bridging, normal bridging, and ankle plantar flexion bridging exercise. Therefore, this could be an effective option for a bridging exercise if applied to patients with a weak gluteal muscle and shortening of the hamstring muscle in further studies.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.103-107
• /
• 2015

Objective: Pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) form the base of the abdomino-pelvic cavity and also the PFMs function is important for urinary continence. PFMs training (PFMT) is considered to be the first method for PFM dysfunction. This study demonstrated correct PFMs contraction among commonly used different contraction methods for PFMT. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: In this study, nineteen middle-aged (40-70 years) women participated. To evaluate PFM function, ultrasonography was used to measure the distance of the bladder base movement. The distance of the PFM movements were calculated at rest and during the other contractions. The following four different contraction methods were performed randomly: (1) PFM contraction, (2) abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM), (3) anal contraction, and (4) hip adductor muscle contraction. The participants held the contraction for 3 seconds for a total of 3 times with a 30 seconds rest period between each trial. The mean of three measurements in each position were obtained and compared with that in the resting position. Results: The bladder base movement values were significantly greater when comparing PFM with ADIM and hip adductor contractions (p<0.05). The bladder base movement values were significantly greater when comparing ADIM and anal contractions with hip adductor contractions (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that performing PFM contractions is the best method among the common methods for PFMT. Performing PFM contractions was more effective than the other contraction methods.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.57 no.4
• /
• pp.717-731
• /
• 2016

In orthopedic surgery and more especially in total arthroplastie of hip, the fixing of the implants generally takes place essentially by means of constituted surgical polymer cement. The damage of this materiel led to the fatal rupture and thus loosening of the prosthesis in total hip, the effect of over loading as the case of tripping of the patient during walking is one of the parameters that led to the damage of this binder. From this phenomenon we supposed that a remain of bone is included in the cement implantation. The object of this work is to study the effect of this bony inclusion in the zones where the outside conditions (loads and geometric shapes) can provoke the fracture of the cement and therefore the aseptic lousing of the prosthesis. In this study it was assumed the presence of two bones -type inclusions in this material, one after we analyzed the effect of interaction between these two inclusions damage of damage to this material. One have modeled the damage in the cement around this bone inclusion and estimate the crack length from the damaged cement zone in the acetabulum using the finite element method, for every position of the implant under the extreme effort undergone by the prosthesis. We noted that the most intense stress position is around the sharp corner of the bone fragment and the higher level of damage leads directly the fracture of the total prosthesis of the hip.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.65-72
• /
• 2010

For developing navigation system of total hip arthroplasty (THA) and evaluating hip joint kinematics, 3-D pose position of the femur and acetabulum in the pelvic coordinate system has been quantified. The pelvic coordinate system is determined by manually indicating pelvic landmarks in multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) images. It includes intra- and inter-observer variability, and may result in a variability of THA operation or diagnosis. To reduce the variability of pelvic coordinate system determination, this paper proposes an automated method in MDCT images. The proposed method determines pelvic coordinate system automatically by detecting pelvic landmarks on anterior pelvic plane (APP) from MDCT images. The method calibrates pelvic pose by using silhouette images to suppress the affect of pelvic pose change. As a result of comparing with manual determination, the proposed method determined the coordinate system with a mean displacement of $2.6\;{\pm}\;1.6$ mm and a mean angle error of $0.78\;{\pm}\;0.34$ deg on 5 THA subjects. For changes of pelvic pose position within 10 deg, standard deviation of displacement was 3.7 mm, and of pose was 1.28 deg. We confirmed the proposed method was robust for pelvic pose changes.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.63-68
• /
• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of tensor fasciae latae length on the rotation of pelvis during one leg stance. Methods : 41 healthy adults participated in this study. The movement of the pelvis and trunk was measured using 3-dimensional motion analyzer, during one leg stance. The movement of the pelvis and trunk was collected lateral shift, rotation, side bending, and flexion-extension. Tensor fasciae latae length of subjects was measured in sidelying positon with neutral position of hip joint and flexion $90^{\circ}$ of knee. Also, the range of motion of hip exteral and interal rotaion were measured in prone position wih lexion $90^{\circ}$ of knee. The subjects were separated 2 groups that more pelvic rotation group(n=15) and less pelvic rotation group(n=15) according to the degree of pelvic rotation. Results : The more pelvic rotation group was showed significantly higher in the ROM of hip external rotation than less pelvic rotation group(p<0.05). The difference of tensor fasciae latae length not showed significant difference between groups. During one leg stance, The movement of the shifting and flexion-extension of trunk and pelvis were not showed significant difference. But the side bending and the rotation of pelvis and trunk showed significant difference between groups. Conclusion : The difference of tensor fasciae latae length not showed significantly in more pelvic rotation group and less pelvic rotation group. But, this study suggests that the pelvis instability brings the instability of the trunk during one leg stance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.15-25
• /
• 2022

PURPOSE: This study examined the effect of bridge exercise-abdominal draw-in maneuver (ADIM) with hip adductor co-contraction on the TrA thickness and whether it is effective as a core stability exercise. METHODS: The subjects of this study, 33 men with no history in the past and who provided prior consent, were selected through interviews with male students of S University. The subjects performed five movements, including bridge exercise and ADIM, and performed two demonstrations and two exercises in advance. The abdominal muscles were measured using ultrasonography once in each movement, and the abdominal muscle tone was measured using a soft tissue tone measurement. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the thickness between the TrA and Internal Oblique Muscles at various bridge positions (p < .05), and no significant difference with the External Oblique Muscle (p < .05). There was no significant difference in muscle tone in the Rectus abdominis part (p > .05), but a significant difference in the Oblique Muscle part (p < .05). The muscle tone of the Oblique Muscles by position showed a significant difference in Bridge, BHa, and BA compared to the rest position (p < .05), but no significant difference with BHaA (p > .05). CONCLUSION: The thickness of TrA could be increased through bridge exercise, and TrA could be activated properly using ADIM and may be an effective exercise for core stabilization.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.357-363
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different saddle heights on lower-limb joint angle and muscle activity. Six elite cyclists(age: $32.2{\pm}5.2years$, height: $171.0{\pm}3.5cm$, weight: $79.7{\pm}5.6kg$, cycle career: $13{\pm}6.2years$) participated in three min. submaximal(90 rpm) pedaling tests with the same load and cadence based on saddle heights where subject's saddle height was determined by his knee flexion angle when the pedal crank was at the 6 o'clock position. Joint angles(hip, knee, ankle joints) and the activity of lower limb muscles(biceps femoris(BF), vastus lateralis(VL), tibialis anterior(TA) and gastrocnemius medial(GM)) were compared by measuring 3D motion and electromyography(EMG) data. Results showed that there were significant differences in minimum hip & knee joint angle and range of motion of hip and knee joint between saddle heights. Onset timing and integrated EMG of only BF among 4 muscles were significantly different between saddle heights. Especially there was a negative relationship between minimum hip joint angle and onset timing of BF in most subject, which means that onset timing of BF became fast as the degree of bending of the hip joint became larger by saddle height. Optimal pedaling will be possible through increased amount of muscle activation due to the appropriate burst onset timing by proper pedaling posture with adjusted saddle height.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.164-173
• /
• 1993

This study was aimed to investigate whether abdominal obesity is associated with non-insulin dependednt diabetes. The distribution of body fat patterns was observed in 181 female patients with diabetes, aged 33 to 83 years, living in the Taegu area, Korea. The following anthropometric measuremetns were made on all participants from October 1 to November 25, 1991 : weight, height ; waist and hip circumferences in standing position. The waist hip circumference ratio was used as an index of abdominal obesity. The results were as follows; 1) The mean fasting blood glucose of diabetic subjects was 145$\pm$50.3mg/dl and the mean duration of diabetes was 4.7$\pm$7.5 years. 2) Obese subjects above the ideal body weight body weight of 120% in the investigation are presently 52%, but 63% of subjects were reported to be obese in the past. The mean BMI of the subjects is 24.57$\pm$3.15 and the past mean BMI was 27.13$\pm$3.26. One year after reaching their highest body weight, 47% of the subjects developed diabetes. Two years after reaching their peak body weight, 74% of diabetic subjects developed diabetes. 3) Using the waist-hip circumference ratio, subjects beloing to the upper body obesity(WHR>0.84) were 65.5%. 4) The average daily energy intake did not differ between the obese and non-obese diabetic subjects, whether they were assessed with BMI or with RBW. 5) The average daily energy intake was higher in the upper body obesity subjects than in the lower body obesity subjects. 6) Diabetics withing the regular exercise group had lower fasting blood glucose levels than the non-regular exercise group. Exercise did not effect the RBW, BMI, and WHR. 7) The waist-to-hip circumference ratio correlated significantly in positive with waist-circumference, but did not correlated with hip-circumference. Therefore, WHR may depended on the increased accumulation of abdominal fat in female diabetics. In conclusion, these findings suggest that caloric intake is more associated with abdominal fat accumulation in diabetic women. Blood glucose concentration is independently effected by exercise, and exercise does not affect the WHR. Therefore, control of caloric intake and development of specific exercises to change the WHR seems important for controling diabetes in female subjects.