• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.464-468
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• 2015

6살의 중성화한 수컷 말티즈는 운동실조로 인하여 내원하였다. 본 증례는 일반방사선 촬영, 컴퓨터단층촬영, 자기공명영상을 실시하여 낭종의 위치, 크기, 척수와의 관련성 및 동반된 질환을 알 수 있었다. 자기공명영상 결과 T1W과 FLAIR 영상에서는 hypointense한 영역, T2W 영상에서는 hyperintense한 영역이 L1~2 척수의 등쪽으로 나타났다. 이는 CSF와 동일한 신호로 나타났으며, 등쪽에서 척수를 압박하여 배쪽으로 이동시켰다. 낭종의 길이는 25 mm, 두께는 4 mm로 나타났다. 무증상일 경우는 치료가 필요 없으나, 본 증례는 신경학적 이상이 나타나 수술적 치료를 실시하였다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.502-505
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• 2012

8개월령, 3.5 kg의 중성화하지 않은 토이 푸들이 왼쪽 다리의 체중 부중을 하지 않는 파행으로 내원하였다. 방사선 검사에서, 왼쪽 경골 근위부의 Salter-Harris II 형 성장판 골절과 비골 골절이 발견되었다. 교차핀, 긴장철사와 경첩 관절경유 외고정을 통해 근위 경골의 성장판 골절을 정복 하였다. 수술 후 1주째까지 경첩관절경유 외고정의 관절가동변위를 $25^{\circ}$, 수술 후 2주째까지 $70^{\circ}$ 까지 증가 시켰으며 수술 후 3주째 경첩 관절경유 외고정을 제거하였다. 수술 후 6주차에 골절은 합병증 없이 성공적으로 치유되었고 환자는 정상보행을 회복하였다. 수술 후 7개월째 환자는 정상적으로 보행을 하였으며, 반대쪽 정상다리와 비교하였을 때 관절의 가동범위는 동일 하였다. 본 증례는 근위 경골의 성장판 골절이 있는 미성숙견에서 교차핀, 긴장철사 및 경첩 관절경유 외고정을 이용하여 성공적으로 치료한 사례이다. 이러한 방법은 수술 후 골절정복의 안정성 및 조기 관절운동을 통한 정상 관절범위의 회복에 유용하게 사용 될 수 있을 거라 사료된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.439-450
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• 1987

The arterial blood pressure response elicited by stimulating the peripheral afferent fibers of different groups and origins was studied in cats. Experimental animals were anesthetized with a-chloralose [60mg/kg] and artificially ventilated with a respirator. The lumbosacral spinal cord was exposed through a laminectomy and L7 ventral root was isolated. The sural, medial gastrocnemius and common peroneal nerves were also exposed in the hindlimb. The arterial blood pressure was monitored continuously while the exposed peripheral nerves and L7 ventral root were being stimulated. Then, spinal lesions were made on the dorsolateral sulcus area, dorsolateral funiculus and other areas at the thoracolumbar junction. The arterial blood pressure responses were compared before and after making spinal lesions. The following results were obtained. 1. The mean arterial blood pressure was elevated from 103*7.3 to 129*8, 1 [mean*S.E.] mmHg [p<0.001] during stimulation of the sural nerve with C-strength [1000T], 20Hz. Stimulation with Ad-strength, 1Hz resulted in the depression of the arterial pressure by 8 mmHg [p<0.01]. 2. Stimulation of the medial gastrocnemius nerve with Ad-strength did not elicit any significant change in arterial blood pressure. Stimulation with C-strength, 20 Hz induced a pressor response from 102*6.2 to 117*6.4 mmHg [p<0.01] while that with C-strength, 1Hz induced a depressor response from 104*6.1 to 93*4.9 mmHg [p<0.001]. 3. A pressor response by 56 [from 107*7 5 to 163*9.4] mmHg [p<0.001] was induced during stimulation of the common peroneal nerve with C-strength, 20Hz stimuli. Stimulation with A4-strength, 1Hz depressed the arterial blood pressure from 111~9.3 to 94*7.8 mmHg [P<0.005]. The activation of the ventral root afferent fibers with C-strength, 20 Hz stimuli induced a pressor response by 22 mmHg [from 115*9.4 to 137*8.6 mmHg] [p<0.001]. 4. The pressor response elicited during stimulation of the sural nerve was abolished by making lesions on the dorsolateral sulcus area bilaterally. With the medial gastrocnemius nerve, the pressor response had not been abolished completely by the dorsolateral sulcus lesions. The pressor response disappeared completely with addition of the bilateral dorsolateral funiculus lesions. 5. The depressor response induced by stimulation of the sciatic nerve with Ad-strength, 1Hz was decreased by making lesions on the dorsolateral funiculus. 6. From the above results it is concluded that the difference in the blood pressure responses to the activation of the muscular afferent and the cutaneous afferent fibers is responsible for the groups of afferent fibers and the spinal ascending pathways.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.479-483
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• 2009

Objective : A mouse model of spinal cord injury (SCI) could further increase our basic understanding of the mechanisms involved in injury and repair of the nervous system. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether methods used to produce and evaluate photochemical graded ischemic SCI in rats, could be successfully adapted to mice, in a reliable and reproducible manner. Methods : Thirty female imprinting control region mice (weighting 25-30 g, 8 weeks of age) were used in this study. Following intraperitoneal injection of Rose bengal, the translucent dorsal surface of the T8-T9 vertebral laminae of the mice were illuminated with a fiber optic bundle of a cold light source. The mice were divided into three groups; Group 1 (20 mg/kg Rose bengal, 5 minutes illumination), Group 2 (20 mg/kg Rose bengal, 10 minutes illumination), and Group 3 (40 mg/kg Rose bengal, 10 minutes illumination). The locomotor function, according to the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scale, was assessed at three days after the injury and then once per week for four weeks. The animals were sacrificed at 28 days after the injury, and the histopathology of the lesions was assessed. Results : The mice in group 1 had no hindlimb movement until seven days after the injury. Most mice had later recovery with movement in more than two joints at 28 days after injury. There was limited recovery of one joint, with only slight movement, for the mice in groups 2 and 3. The histopathology showed that the mice in group 1 had a cystic cavity involving the dorsal and partial involvement of the dorsolateral funiculi. A larger cavity, involving the dorsal, dorsolateral funiculi and the gray matter of the dorsal and ventral horns was found in group 2. In group 3, most of the spinal cord was destroyed and only a thin rim of tissue remained. Conclusion : The results of this study show that the photochemical graded ischemic SCI model. described in rats, can be successfully adapted to mice, in a reliable and reproducible manner. The functional deficits are correlated an increase in the irradiation time and, therefore, to the severity of the injury. The photothrombotic model of SCI, in mice with 20 mg/kg Rose bengal for 5 minutes illumination, provides an effective model that could be used in future research. This photochemical model can be used for investigating secondary responses associated with traumatic SCI.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.364-373
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• 2011

인간배아줄기세포는 인간배아줄기세포가 가지는 전 분화능 등의 특이적 특성으로 인해 재생의학 분야에서 세포 치료제의 근원으로 널리 각광받고 있다. 그러나, 미분화 상태의 인간배아줄기세포를 세포치료제로 이용하기 위해서는 인간배아줄기세포 주 유래 기능성 세포를 확립이 반드시 요구된다. 본 연구에서는, 미분화 상태의 인간배아줄기세포주로부터 기능성 세포의 확립을 위해, 혈관계통의 세포로 분화를 유도하였으며, 분화 유도 후 세포의 크기 차이를 이용하여 특정 세포군 만을 분리하여 그 기능성을 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과, VEGF를 이용하여 분화 시킨 세포군에서 약 10%의 PECAM 양성 세포군을 확인할 수 있었으며, 분리 및 세포 이식을 위해 세포를 단일 세포군으로 만들었다. 단일 세포군의 형성 후, 유세포 분석기를 이용한 세포 분리 기법을 이용하여 FCS를 기준으로 한 세포 크기의 차이를 이용하여 특정 세포군 만을 분리하여, 하지 허혈 동물 모델로의 이식을 통해, 비 분리 세포군과 치료 효능을 비교 분석을 실시하였다. 세포 이식 4주 후, 혈류량 복구율이 FSC 기준 분리 군의 경우 54%, 비 분리군의 경우 17%를 보이는 것을 확인하였다. 이 결과는, 초기 분화 유도 후 세포 크기차이를 이용한 세포 분리법이 기능성 세포 획득에 이용될 수 있음을 시사한다. 이와 같은 방법을 통해 다양한 종류의 기능성 세포 분리에 이용될 수 있을 것이라 생각된다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2017

Microcurrent electrical stimulation(MES) has been used to accelerate recovery of atrophied skeletal muscle. However, convincing stimulation parameters for suppressing muscle atrophy due to injured sciatic nerve remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effective intensity of MES on restraining muscle atrophy with rat model underwent sciatic nerve injury(SNI). Twenty-5-week-old Sprague Dawley male rats were equally assigned to five groups : Control group(Control, CON, n = 4), Denervation group(Denervation, D, n = 4), Denervation with MES of $22{\mu}A$ group(Denervation + $22{\mu}A$, D+22, n = 4), Denervation with MES of $100{\mu}A$ group (Denervation + $100{\mu}A$, D+100 n = 4), Denervation with MES of $400{\mu}A$ group(Denervation + $400{\mu}A$, D+400, n = 4). To induce muscle atrophy, all rats in the D, D+22, D+100, and D+400 groups, were subjected to sciatic nerve injury on their right hindlimb and allowed to have 1 week of resting period. Following this period, rats underwent daily MES(60 min/ a day, 5times/1week) for 4 weeks. After that, we investigate morphological changes in muscle volume by using in vivo micro-computed tomography at week 0, 1, 3 and 5. After 5 weeks, the muscle volume had the highest value in D+400 group, and also noticeably increased in D+100 group compared to it in D group. The results of this study imply that MES with current intensities between $100-400{\mu}A$ can suppress muscle atrophy effectively.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.129-133
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• 2011

Drinking of excessive ethanol during pregnancy induces a fetal alcohol syndrome. Genistein is one of naturally occurring isoflavones at relatively high levels in soybeans. In this study, we investigated the effects of genistein ($1{\times}10^{-8}$ and $1{\times}10^{-7}\;{\mu}g$/ml) on the ethanol (1 ${\mu}l$/ml)-induced teratogenesis of developing mouse embryos during the critical period (embryonic days 8.5~10.5) of organogenesis using a whole embryo culture system and then morphological scoring analysis. Ethanol-treated embryos exhibited a variety of developmental abnormalities. However, the total morphological scores for ethanol plus genistein groups were significantly higher than those of ethanol alone group (p<0.05). In particular, there were significant increases in the ethanol plus $1{\times}10^{-8}\;{\mu}g$/ml of genistein group on the scores for heart, optic system, branchial bar, mandibular process, and caudal neural tube and further in the ethanol plus $1{\times}10^{-7}\;{\mu}g$/ml of genistein group on the scores for heart, hind-, mid-, and forebrains, optic system, branchial bars, maxillary and mandibular processes, caudal neural tube, forelimb, hindlimb, and somites as compared with those of ethanol alone group (p<0.05). These results indicate that genistein has a preventive effect against ethanol-induced teratogenesis.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1153-1160
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• 2000

Objectives : This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of noncompetitive NMDA receptor blocker, MK801 on motor recovery, SSEP and pathology in spinal cord injured rat. Methods : The effects of MK801 on neuronal function protection, SSEP, and pathology were measured on spinal cord injury rats which were divided into 6 groups according to dose, time of drug delivery and magnitude of injury. Spinal cord injury was made with the magnitude of 25gm-cm and 50gm-cm on 42 rats. BBB locomotor function test was performed to evaluate the motor power recovery in hindlimb for 2 weeks after injury. After motor function test was completed, SSEP was measured. Amplitude and latency of the P1, N1 peak was measured and compared between groups. Finally rats were sacrificed, and pathologic findings including measurement of area of necrotic cord were studied and compared between groups. Results : Motor recovery at 2 weeks was better in MK801 group comparing to saline control group. SSEP at 2 weeks showed no difference in N1, P1 latencies, but significantly greater amplitude in MK801 group, compared to saline control group. On light microscope, there was no specific histologic differences between experimental groups. The cystic necrotic area in coronal plane was measured and compared in each group. The necrotic area was significantly smaller in MK801 1mg/kg group(delivered after injury) than vehicle group. The necrotic area in MK801 5mg/kg group and MK801 1mg/kg group(delivered before injury) was smaller than vehicle group even though it was not statistically significant. Conclusion : From the above result, it is speculated that NMDA blocker, MK801 can improve impaired neuronal function in spinal cord injury.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.449-453
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• 2017

A 3-year-old castrated male Maltese dog, weighing 4.8 kg was referred with hindlimb ataxia and right forelimb proprioceptive deficits were shown for 20 months. Chiari-like malformation and syringomyelia diagnosed through MRI at a local animal hospital and Knuckling of right forelimb and reluctance to walk were managed with steroid. The medical management was getting ineffective to manage for the symptoms one month before referred. Physical and neurological examinations, radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging were performed and diagnoses of caudal occipital malformation syndrome (COMS) and subsequent syringomyelia (SM) were made. Given that pharmacological treatment was previously ineffective, surgical intervention was recommended. Foramen magnum decompression with duraplasty using $Lyoplant^{(R)}$ was performed. Three days post-surgery, the dog showed improved gait and activity. After 2 months, the dog received no additional prescription medications. At the 12-month follow-up after surgery, the dog showed no clinical problems or recurrences, despite complete cessation of pharmacological treatment. In present report, we applied $Lyoplant^{(R)}$ as a dural graft has been carried out in a dog with COMS. Surgical decompression with $Lyoplant^{(R)}$ was an effective long-term (12-month) treatment for COMS without the need for any pharmacological treatment.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.251-254
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• 2015

3살 중성화된 수컷 스피츠 (8.4 kg)가 후지 파행으로 본원에 의뢰되었다. 환자는 6주전 양측 내측 슬개골 탈구 교정술을 받았다. 육안상 양측 뒷다리의 간헐적인 파행을 보였으며 신체검사에서 슬관절의 굴신전시 염발음을 동반한 중등도의 통증을 보였다. 방사선 검사상 양측 슬관절에서 연골편의 원위부 이탈과 함께 관절부종이 관찰되었다. 신체검사와 방사선검사를 토대로 양측 슬관절 골연골편의 분리와 이탈이 의심되었다. 관절경을 통해 이탈한 골연골편(우측 $1.5cm{\times}0.9cm{\times}0.2cm$, 좌측 $1.3cm{\times}0.9cm{\times}0.1cm$)을 확인하고 제거하였다. 골연골편을 제거한 후, 슬개골의 비정상적 움직임을 예방하기 위해 관절경을 통해 burr를 이용하여 층진 활차구를 성형해주었다. 환자는 수술 2주후 정상적인 보행을 하였으며 합병증을 보이지 않았다. 관절경은 개의 관절질환 진단 및 치료를 위한 효과적인 수단이다. 이를 통해 관절내 구조물을 확대해서 관찰 할 수 있고 정확한 진단을 할 수 있다. 게다가 관절경을 통한 수술은 일반적인 술부에서 나타날 수 있는 술 후 합병증을 줄여 줄 수 있다.