• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.107 no.4
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• pp.478-485
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• 2018

The study was carried out to select natural environmental factors that affect damage to hiking paths and to provide directions for facility management of hiking paths by a logistic regression analysis. The study sites is a total of 123 sample sites that located in the Baekdudaegan Guropo-Gisaengnyeong hiking trails. The variables used in the analysis model included mountain trail damage, forest type, herb of soil and crown density obtained through a field survey and included slope, soil and rock exposure obtained through FGIS. A logistic regression analysis of 43 sites and 80 undeveloped sites, 4 elements were selected for slope, herb of soil, soil and rock exposure. The slope and the herb of soil were positively correlated and the exposure of rock was negative. Soil has shown a positive correlation with its low missile and high sand ratio Saturn. Therefore, the management of the mountain hiking paths facilities should be established and restored considering the slope, herb of soil, soil and rock exposure.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2001

This study investigates how motivations, preferences, and past experiences vary by each hikers trail choice at the Mt.Keyryong National Park. The purpose of this study is to find out the factors influencing behavioral choice in the recreation areas, and establish the fundamental theory for the efficient management of the resource and visitors. For this study, we have collected 472 respondents by on-site self-administrated questionnaire from the hikers in the park. The collected data were analyzed by the descriptive statistics and the discriminant analysis. The motivations variable of hiking participation on mountain trail were categorized three types; close-nature, escapism, and physical improvement. The preferences for trail environment were classified as four categories by factor analysis; preference for nature, safety, use density, and facilities. In descriptive statistics, the study showed that the experienced hikers prefer natural trials and hikers who have preference for close-nature select longer and deeper forest trails. The results of discriminant analysis indicate that the level of past experience is the most affectable in classification of trail choice. Such variables as motivation for close-nature and preference for nature were also appeared as affecting factors on classification of trail choice. Two discriminant functions were available, and 90.5 percent of analysis sample were correctly classified. In the validity analysis, 89 percent of holdout sample were correctly classified. These hit ratios ensures an accuracy by Press Q test. The result of this study is to be useful knowledge of the choice of detailed use environments in the same recreation areas.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.103-115
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• 2017

This paper shows the types of deteriorated hiking trails and degrading factors at three Great Walks such as Tongariro Alpine Crossing, Routeburn Track and Kepler Track in New Zealand. The deteriorated trails could be classified into gullying, widening, narrowing, branching and sidewall erosion. Department of Conservation carefully manages overland flows on trails for preventing surface erosion, thus the Great Walks show only a minor problem of gully on trails which is usually active in a mountainous area. Widening and branching of trails caused by tread erosion are not also developed due to the restriction of visitors as well as the management of rainwash. However, despite the detailed maintenance and prevention of an overuse of trails, some trails traversing steep slopes in a alpine zone under a periglacial environment are severely degraded along their sidewalls. It suggests that a unvegetated sidewall of trails has to be strictly managed in an early stage of occurrence and a slope-traversing section should be selected with more consideration when establishing a route of hiking trails.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.446-453
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• 2020

This study built a model to predict the daily number of visitors to 18 trails in the Taebaeksan National Park using the auto-counter system data to analyze the factors affecting the daily number of visitors to each trail and classified the trails by visitors' behaviors. Results of the multiple regression models with the daily number of visitors of the 18 trails indicated that the events, such as the National Foundation Day celebration of Snow Festival, affected the number of visitors of all of the 18 trails and were the most critical factor that determined the daily number of visitors to the Taebaeksan National Park. The long-holidays of three days or longer and other national holidays also affected the daily number of visitors to the trails. Precipitation had a negative impact on the number of visitors of trails where the intention of most visitors was for sightseeing or camping instead of hiking, whereas had no significant impacts on the number of visitors of trails where many visitors intended for hiking. It indicated that visitors who intended for hiking went ahead hiking even if the weather was poor. The effects of temperature had a positive effect on the number of visitors who intended for hiking but a negative effect on the number of visitor to the trails near Danggol Plaza where the Snow Festival was held in each winter, suggesting that the impact of the Snow Festival was the deterministic factor for trail management. Results of K-mean clustering showed that the 18 trails of the Taekbaeksan National Park could be classified into three types: those affected by the Snow Festival (type 1), those that have sightseeing points and so were visited mostly by non-hikers (type 2), and those visited mostly by hikers (type 3). Since visitor behaviors and illegal actions differ according to the trail type, this study's results can be used to prepare a trail management plan based on the trail characteristics.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1405-1415
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• 2015

This study is conducted to determine the damage, distinguish the types and identify the restoration by that type for 13 Korea national parks out of 21. There are 21 Korea national parks are in Korea covering 6.67% of the country or $6,656km^2$ ($3,902km^2$ on land and $2,754km^2$ in the sea) currently since the area around Jirisan ($440km^2$) was designated as the first Korea national parks in 1967. With the cancellation of entrance admission on Korea national parks since 2007, annual visitors to the Korea national parks have grown from 37 millions in 2008 to 46 millions by 2013 and continue to grow due to numerous leisure activities, alpine activities and social changes. As such, Korea national parks are natural resource with high value to be conserved and are attracting significant attention as recreational spaces for people at the same time. On the other hand, there have been issues of soil erosions or disturbed vegetation due to increased number of visitor to the national parks. Korea national parks area damage to its type and damage characteristics to analyse the 13 Korea national parks out of 21 on July 2012 March, Korea national parks over the subjects of the National Park from damaged area status Survey analysis by the Korea National Park Service. As a result, 203 million units in the 16 Korea national parks damaged land of the reform package during ecological trail (including non-regular hiking trails) 153 (77.66%), damaged valleys 20(9.14%) independent damaged area, 13 disconnected ecological axis(7.61%), closed trail(2.03%) (3.55%), and line type damage(like a non-regular hiking trails) appears to be a high ratio. Korea national parks damaged land of the results identified, by contrast ratio and the annual number of visitors Bukhansan national park(49.26%), Gyeongju national park(23.65%) damaged land rates, such as Seorasan national park(4.93%), Songnisan national park (4.43 %), Gyeryongsan national park(3.45%), and the annual number of visitors be similar result. The National Park Service has been reporting on damages and restorations but damages and their types have not been established yet. Damages have been generally studied and categorized on hiking trails due caused by heavy traffic on them but the reports were limited on hiking trails only. Since damage to the Korea national parks are not limited on the hiking trails, it is necessary to determine damages in various aspects. Thus, in this study, damage types, spatial characteristics, causes and restorations are analyzed based on the survey results of damages to national parks in order to provide a basis for the efficient management and operation of the Korea national parks.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.234-245
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• 2013

In order to examine the amount and rate of soil erosion on Ridge Traversing Trail in Jirisan National Park, a cross-sectional area of hiking trail were monitored at 16 sites in Nogodan - Samdobong section from November 2011 to April 2012. Although all sites demonstrates an enlarged cross-section of trail, the amount of soil erosion varies from site to site: 54.9 to $908.8cm^2$. It suggests that the erosional rate ranges from $0.1cm^2/day$ to $1.72cm^2/day$. The erosional amount is also varied with a trail type: $109.3cm^2$ for a shallow gully-like trail to $573.2cm^2$ for a unilateral trail. However, the cross-sectional change is larger on a sidewall than a tread irrespective of a trail type. The erosional amounts of November to April are smaller than that of May to October. In particular, the erosional amount of November 2011 to April 2012 is smaller than the depositional amount, implying a reduced cross-section of trail. Pipkrake action puts loose soil particles on a sidewall on March and April, and then rainwash due to a heavy rainfall takes them away after May. It seems to be the most predominant erosional process in Ridge Traversing Trail. A sidewall facing north shows a larger amount of erosion than a sidewall facing south. It also implies a difference in the development of a pipkrake according to an aspect. The small amount of erosion and cross-sectional decrease, which is usually observed on April, results from the combined effect of frost heaving, pipkrake action, a small rainfall and a temporary suspension of trampling. It is necessary to establish the monitoring system of trail erosion in terms of the management of hiking trail in a mountain national park.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.1-14
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• 2023

Due to the 3 years and 4 months of corona, many things have changed throughout society, such as social activities, free movement, and lifestyle. One of them is the increasing public interest and demand for walking tours. Public awareness of health and leisure activities has increased due to lifestyle changes, aging, and urbanization following the spread of infectious diseases such as COVID-19, and demand for walking tour services is also increasing. As of 2019, nationwide About 560 'Walking Trails' of 1,849 courses were created, with a total length of 18,000 km. In this study, in a situation where social interest and necessity for walking tours are increasing, studies related to walking tours are reviewed, and sustainable management plans for walking tours are proposed. To this end, the concept and research trends of walking tours were examined through literature related to walking tours, and in-depth interviews were conducted with a total of 17 people, 8 visitors and 9 officials, with Ansan Daebudo Haesol-gil as the target. Visitors In-depth interviews with 180 contents were coded, and 147 effective contents were divided into 20 subcategories and organized into 7 upper categories. In-depth interviews with 101 stakeholders were individually coded, 96 effective contents were divided into 14 subcategories, and organized into 5 upper categories. After that, it was reviewed based on the contents organized through qualitative content analysis, and the Five implications were derived. The significance of this study is that the study was conducted on specific Haesol-gil in the suburbs of the metropolitan area. The limitation of this study was that more detailed investigations and considerations were not conducted on the positive and negative effects of walking tours on the Daebudo area. As a follow-up study, academic arrangements and case studies on regional regeneration through walking tours are required.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.327-333
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• 2023

Existing studies on the UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)-based CPS (Cyber Physical System) environment lack forest fire monitoring and forest fire reconnaissance using real-world UAVs. So, it is necessary to monitor forest fires early through CPS based on real-world UAVs with high reliability and resource management efficiency. In this paper presents an MFG (Misstion File Generater) that automatically generates a flight path of an UAV for forest fire monitoring in a CPS environment. MFG generates flight paths based on a hiking trail with a high fire probability due to a true story of an entrant. We have confirmed that the flight path generated by MFG can be applied to the UAV. Also, we have verified that the UAV flies according to the flight path generated by MFG in simulation, with a negligible error rate.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.595-597
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• 2017

Modern people are exposed to obesity problems with convenient lifestyle, over nutrition, and lack of exercise. The greater the desire for longevity, the greater the problem of obesity. People work out in neighborhood parks, walkways, and hiking trails to improve their obesity. The municipal government encourages its residents to provide various exercise information by setting up signs on the promenade or hiking trail. However, conventional exercise signs do not provide various athletic and health information because they are built-in fixed type. Therefore, this study suggests scientific exercise management through smart health screen in accordance with the healthcare IT age. The IT-based smart health screen provides real-time calorie consumption, step count, and heart rate. The systematic and scientific exercise management provided by the smart health screen helps the locals to control the amount of exercise and strength suitable for each individual. In addition, walking without special cost makes it possible to manage health and obesity. We hope that our research will be of little help in resolving obesity.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.128-137
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of hiking trails on forest landscape's fragmentation, based on which also to assess the landscape-ecology-based integrity by small drainage area by selecting Bukhansan National Park as a survey target. The results of effect analysis are as follow; size of forest patch decreased; the density of patch and edge increased; patch shape became complicated; the dimensions of core area noticeably decreased and proximity degree between patch increased after trail-building. In addotion, the assessment results of overall landscape ecology-based integrity by small drainage basin showed that the Bukhansan catchment area was highest making 3.7 point, while Gugi catchment area was rated the lowest making 1.6 point. Putting the above results together, it is necessary to prohibit the opening up of unnecessary trails and to make room for ecological restoration of damaged and disturbance area to their original state as nature goes for landscape-ecology-based conservation and management of forests.