• Journal of Platform Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.78-86
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• 2018

In this paper, a VR-based cyber hiking system was designed to provide virtual reality for famous mountains that can offer the real senses and feelings of hiking in supporting environmental factors of actual mountains such as the temperature, air, sound, echoes, etc., of the mountain the user wants to climb. The VR-based cyber hiking system that reflects real-time site conditions is largely consisted of the data collection module that collects data from the live site, multiple drive modules that enables the user to feel real senses using data from the sites, and sensor module to detect the stimuli provided by the drive modules and the user's physical body transition. Unlike existing VR-based hiking systems, the proposed cyber hiking system not only provides simple virtual reality for the wanted mountain, but can also provide the natural conditions of real mountains and implement the uphill and downhill of hiking routes. In particular, it has the effect of providing fun and game elements to users by excluding unnecessary conditions and risks that may arise in actual hiking and instead supporting augmented realities such as squirrels on actual hiking paths. In addition, in providing users with the changes in their body before and after hiking, it is expected to be effective in providing diverse feedback such as the height, gradient, and speed of mountain hiking.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.83-88
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• 2016

Over the last five years, 568 people have died while hiking according to 2015 statistics from the public safety ministry. Among those deaths, approximately 33% were due to loss of footing or falling. In this respect, the highly advanced functions of hiking boots should be considered to prevent these unfortunate accidents. For example, by utilizing the Internet of Things (IoT) and Information and Communications Technology (ICT), hiking boots equipped with a Global Positioning System (GPS) or vital signs monitoring systems should be considered. In addition, many challenges remain for the production of 3D printed hiking boots, because the functions of hiking boots are variable, which is important when handling changing terrains and situations. The design of customized hiking boots was introduced in this paper, and 3D printing applications for midsoles using a Porous Polymer Printing (PPP) method was also suggested to verify the possibility of manufacturing hiking boots.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.209-215
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate gait factor and muscle activity depending on hiking poles-using. Eight healthy men volunteered for this experiment. Each of them performed down-hill walking with hiking poles-using and without poles at speed of 3.5km/h for 45 minutes on a treadmill. The treadmill was set 25% down-hill inclination. Kinematic data collected in 60Hz were recorded and analyzed by using 2D motion capture system to measure step time and step length so on. And the lower extremity muscle activities were simultaneously recorded in 1500Hz and assessed by using EMG. The statistical analysis was the paired t-test with repeated measures to compare between hiking poles-using and without poles. The level of statistical significance for all tests was .05. The results of this study were following : Step time was showed statistically different according to pole conditions. That is, the case of poles-using was longer than without poles in step time. Also, step length was showed statistically different between two conditions. Step length about trials with poles was longer than trials without poles. In the muscle activity, the case of all muscles was not showed statistical significance about pole conditions. However, in most muscles IEMG, there were some decreasing-trend relatively when hiking polesusing.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.313-318
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• 1996

We proposed a new system for the postural balance rehabilitation training. For the purpose, we used the virtual hiking system using virtual reality technology. We evaluated the system by measuring the parameters such as path deviation, path deviation velocity, cycling time, and head movement. From our results, we verified the usefulness of virtual reality technology in rehabilitation. Our results showed that this system was effective postural balance rehabilitation training device and might be useful as the clinical equipment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.3
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• pp.382-391
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• 2019

This study was conducted to verify whether smartphone hiking apps, which generate social network data including location information, are useful tools for analyzing the use characteristics of a forest recreation area. For this purpose, the study identified the functions and service characteristics of smartphone hiking apps. Also, the use characteristics of the area of Daegwallyoung were analyzed, compared with the results of the field survey, and the applicability of hiking apps was reviewed. As a result, the service types of hiking apps were analyzed in terms of three categories: "information offering," "hiking record," and "information sharing." This study focused on an app that is one of the "hiking record" types with the greatest number of users. Analysis of the data from hiking apps and a field survey in the Daegwallyoung area showed that both hiking apps and the field survey can be used to identify the movement patterns, but hiking apps based on a global positioning system (GPS) are more efficient and objective tools for understanding the use patterns in a forest recreation area, as well as for extracting user-generated photos. Second, although it is advantageous to analyze the patterns objectively through the walking-speed data generated, field surveys and observation are needed as complements for understanding the types of activities in each space. The hiking apps are based on cellphone use and are specific to "hiking" use, so user bias can limit the usefulness of the data. It is significant that this research shows the applicability of hiking apps for analyzing the use patterns of forest recreation areas through the location-based social network data of app users who record their hiking information voluntarily.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2021

High levels of fine dust is an increasing health concern in major cities such as Seoul. To improve the indoor air quality of apartments, this study examined the ability of an air shower system installed in an apartment unit to remove fine dust (as defined by ISO 12103-A2) from various clothing items of building occupants entering their apartment. Results of the experiment indicate that an air shower system is effective in removing final dust from clothing after one pass through the system. The fine dust removal efficiency for various clothing items was 74% for a dress suit, 70.6% for hiking clothes, 63.3% for knit-wear, 50.5% for a cotton t-shirt, and 38.8% for a coat. Fine dust removal efficiency increased with a second and third pass through the air shower system by an average of 9.1 and 13.9 percentage points respectively compared to a single pass through the system.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.446-453
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• 2020

This study built a model to predict the daily number of visitors to 18 trails in the Taebaeksan National Park using the auto-counter system data to analyze the factors affecting the daily number of visitors to each trail and classified the trails by visitors' behaviors. Results of the multiple regression models with the daily number of visitors of the 18 trails indicated that the events, such as the National Foundation Day celebration of Snow Festival, affected the number of visitors of all of the 18 trails and were the most critical factor that determined the daily number of visitors to the Taebaeksan National Park. The long-holidays of three days or longer and other national holidays also affected the daily number of visitors to the trails. Precipitation had a negative impact on the number of visitors of trails where the intention of most visitors was for sightseeing or camping instead of hiking, whereas had no significant impacts on the number of visitors of trails where many visitors intended for hiking. It indicated that visitors who intended for hiking went ahead hiking even if the weather was poor. The effects of temperature had a positive effect on the number of visitors who intended for hiking but a negative effect on the number of visitor to the trails near Danggol Plaza where the Snow Festival was held in each winter, suggesting that the impact of the Snow Festival was the deterministic factor for trail management. Results of K-mean clustering showed that the 18 trails of the Taekbaeksan National Park could be classified into three types: those affected by the Snow Festival (type 1), those that have sightseeing points and so were visited mostly by non-hikers (type 2), and those visited mostly by hikers (type 3). Since visitor behaviors and illegal actions differ according to the trail type, this study's results can be used to prepare a trail management plan based on the trail characteristics.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1996 no.11
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• pp.107-110
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• 1996

We proposed a new system for the postural balance rehabilitation training. For the purpose, we used the virtual hiking system using virtual reality technology. We evaluated the system by measuring the parameters such as path deviation, path deviation velocity, cycling time, and head movement. From our results, we verified the usefulness of virtual reality technology in rehabilitation. Our results showed that this system was effective postural balance rehabilitation training device and might be useful as the clinical equipment.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.271-275
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• 2023

The abducens nerve (AN; cranial nerve VI) exits the brainstem at the inferior pontine sulcus, pierces the dura of the posterior cranial fossa, passes through the cavernous sinus in close contact to the internal carotid artery (ICA) and traverses the superior orbital fissure to reach the orbit to innervate the lateral rectus muscle. At its exit from the brainstem, the AN includes only axons from lower motor neurons in the abducens nucleus. However, as the AN crosses the ICA it receives a number of branches from the internal carotid sympathetic plexus. The arrangement, neurochemical profile and function of these sympathetic axons running along the AN remain unresolved. Herein, we use gross dissection and microscopic study of hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and sections with tyrosine hydroxylase immunolabeling. Our results suggest the AN receives multiple bundles of unmyelinated axons that use norepinephrine as a neurotransmitter consistent with postganglionic sympathetic axons.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.310-316
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• 2022

The smart tourism service provides services such as travel planning and tour guides to tourists using key technologies of the 4th industrial revolution, such as the Internet of Things, communication infrastructure, big data, artificial intelligence, AR/VR, and drones. We are developing smart tourism services such as recommended travel products, my travel itinerary, tourism information, and chatbots for tourists through the smart tourism app. In this paper, we develop a smart tourism service system that provides real-time location-based tourism information and weather information to tourists. The smart tourism service system consists of a smart tourism app, a smart tourism information system, and an IoT data collection device. The smart tourism information system receives weather information from the IoT data collection device installed in the tourist destination. The location-based smart tourism service is provided as a smart tourism app in the smart tourism information system according to the Beacon's UUID in the IoT data collection device. The smart tourism information system stores the Beacon's UUIDs received from tourists and provides a safe hiking service for tourists.