• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of mulching materials in extensive green roof system by comparing and analyzing the soil moisture content and growth response of Lychnis cognata according to the types of organic mulching materials. The experimental group consisted of a control group that did not use mulching material (Cont.) and a total of five treatment groups, including cocochip (C.O), woodchip (W.O), straw (S.T), and sawdust (S.A), depending on the mulching material. The soil moisture content according to the type of organic mulching material was high in the order of W.O > S.T > Cont. > C.O > S.A, and there was a significant difference especially in S.A. The plant height showed good growth in the order of S.T > Cont. > C.O > W.O > S.A, and there was no significant difference by mulching materials in other growth items except for plant height. Both the chlorophyll and plant water contents were superior to those of untreated group, so the treatment of organic mulching materials is considered to be effective in maintaining the chlorophyll and plant water contents of Lychnis cognata. In particular, the soil moisture content was affected by the characteristics of the mulching material itself. Based on these results, it is required to use a mulching material suitable for the characteristics of each plant in extensive green roof system and it is considered that this can be overcome through organic mulching when selecting a plant species that is weak to water stress.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.88-98
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• 1995

The Fluid and electrolytes balance in the body is of critical importance in maintaining good health. When the fluid and electrolyte imbalance is present, patients are in great danger. They must be assessed immediately by a nurse so that appropriate treatment can be started as soon as possible. Patients' fluid intake and output records contain highly important information for the diagnosis and treatment of fluid imbalance, but, these records are often inaccurate and the method of recording the fluid intake is not universal for every hospital. Be-cause they are few quantitative measurements of a patient's hydration, the need to improve the accuracy of fluid intake records is very important. However, very few studies have been done to investigate the accuracy of measurements of patients' fluid intake and output. The purpose of this study was to investigate the methods used for calculation of fluid intake which is most similar to fluid output in normal adults and hospitalized patients. This study focused on three different calculation methods for fluid intake and compared these to fluid output and developed suggestions as to the ideal way to record fluid in-take. Data for 43 hospitalized patients and 37 normal adults were analyzed. The findings of this study are as follows ; 1) In normal adults, the daily intake of water which enteres by the oral route was 2415m1 (the first method of calculation). The daily intake of water in the form of pure water or some other beverage was 1365m1 (the third method of calculation) The daily intake of water including fresh fruits and vegetables, rice, porridges, and Me m which have water content more than 80% were 2186m1 (the second method of calculation). 2) The urine output of the normal adults was 1350m1. This apprroximates the amount of fluid an adult takes in the form of pure water. 3) In patient group, the total intake of water was 2550m1 (the first method of calculation). The in-take of water in the form of pure water or as some other beverage and IV fluid was 1661m1 (the third method of calculation). The daily in-take of water including foods which have high water content was 2356m1 (the second method of calculation). 4) The urine output of the patient's group was 1728m1. This approximates the amount of fluid an adult takes in the form of pure water. 5) Investigation of the method of calculation of the patient fluid intake showed that among the 31 hospitals studied, only eight use the third method of calculation which reflects the most close value to urine output. From the results obtained in this study, it was indicated that the amount of fluid taken in the form of pure water reflects the most close value to urine output. Therefore, it can be suggested that the third method of calculation which includes water in-take only in the form of pure water or beverage should be used as patients' fluid intake record.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.116-124
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• 2017

This study was investigated quality characteristics of gluten-free noodles added guar gum and basil seed gum (BSG). Gluten-free noodles were prepared using corn flour and corn starch and added 1% and 2% of guar gum and basil seed gum. Water binding capacity was measured by centrifuge, and moisture content was obtained by moisture analyzer. Color of noodles was measured from the midsection of noodles. Water absorption of noodles was calculated by weight of uncooked and cooked noodles. pH of noodles was measured by pH meter. Texture and tensile strength were obtained by rheometer. SPSS 12.0 program was used for significant differences by Duncan's multiple range test. Water binding capacity of noodles was the highest in 2% basil seed gum but 1% guar gum was the lowest. Moisture content was not different in uncooked noodles, but 1% guar had the highest moisture content in cooked noodles. Water absorption of noodles was high in basil seed gum group. pH of noodles was more increased in guar gum additions than basil seed gum additions. For hardness, control had the lowest as 16.09 N, but 2% guar gum showed the highest as 28.40 N. Tensile strength of noodles was increased by adding gums. These results suggested that 1% basil seed gum could be good materials for manufacturing gluten-free noodles in order to improve quality characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.327-333
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Quercus acutissima CARRUTHERS extracts on lipid metabolism. Sprague-Dawley male rats$(110{\pm}10g)$ were fed on containing normal and high fat diets. They were orally administrated(0.02g/100g B.W.) of Quercus aculissima CARRUTHERS ethylacetate-extract and water-extract at the same time once a day respectively. The rats were sacrificed after 6 weeks of feeding periods. In high fat diet group, liver and heart weight were increased but kidney weight was decreased. Contents of total lipid, triglyceride and phospholipid were increased in high fat diet groups. But the degree of increment was reduced by administration of Quercus acutissima CARRUTHERS extracts and water extract was more effective. Significant decrease in serum total lipid content by administration Quercus acutissima CARRUTHERS extracts was not due to decrease of triglyceride content but total cholesterol content. Whereas HDL-cholesterol content was significantly decreased in high fat diet group and improved by administration of Quercus acutissima CARRUTHERS extracts. Total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol contents in liver were also increased in high fat diet group but phospholipid content was significantly decreased. The results indicate that Quercus acutissima CARRUTHERS extracts were effective in preventing hyperlipidemia and water extract was more effective.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.608-613
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate the meat quality of pork produced by feeding fermented rice bran (FRB) (10 to 20%). In the proximate composition analysis there were no significant differences, but the FRB treated groups showed a tendency for higher moisture content and a lower fat content. There were no significant changes found in the physicochemical property analysis, except for cooking loss and water holding capacity, which are the most important factors for estimating meat quality. The cooking loss of the FRB pork was significantly lower than that of the control group (p<0.01). The water holding capacity of the 20% FRB roup was higher than that of the control group (p<0.01). The shear force value of the 20% FRB group was also higher than that of the control group, but the 10% FRB group showed no difference from the control group. The total free amino acid volume of the meat increased, depending on the volume of FRB added. The contents of glutamic acid, glycine, and alanine, which are important factors for taste and flavor, were higher in the FRB groups an the control group. In the sensory analysis, the FRB groups showed high scores for color, aroma, flavor, juiciness, taste, and overall acceptability. Taken together, adding FRB to the feed improved the quality of pork.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.446-451
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• 1997

The primary alcohol groups of four kinds of polysaccharides (com starch, rice starch, sweet potato starch, and cellulose), with different structures and water solubilities, were oxidized to carboxyl groups using 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidine oxoammonium ion (TEMPO) at $25^{\circ}C$. The optimum pH, TEMPO content, and NaBr content for the TEMPO/hypobromite-catalyzed oxidation of the polysaccharides were $10.5{\sim}11.0$, 10 mmol/mol primary alcohol, and 0.49 mmol/mol primary alcohol, respectively. The oxidation degree for the primary alcohol group was more than 90% for all four kinds of the polysaccharides. The oxidation process greatly increased the water solubility of the polysaccharides. Water-insoluble polysaccharide such as cellulose became water-soluble to the extent of 8.42% (w/v). And also, the polysaccharides with very low water solubility (less than 0.10% (w/v)) such as com starch, rice starch, and sweet potato starch had high water solubility of approximately 45%(w/v). The gel-forming abilities with calcium ion were determined. The oxidized polysaccharides are new anionic polymers with unique structures that could have application as gums, gels, and films.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.1028-1039
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• 2024

Alternative protein sources with greater nutritional value and a lower environmental footprint have recently attracted interest in the production of meat substitutes. However, it is required that these alternatives mimic the texture and structure of meat. This study investigated varying ratios of textured vegetable proteins (TVP) to Tenebrio molitor larvae (brown mealworm; TM) with the addition of transglutaminase (TG) to determine the quality characteristics of these emulsions. The results demonstrated low protein solubility of the emulsions as TVP content increased. Furthermore, when the proportion of TM was high, the TG-treated emulsion had a low pH. Additionally, when there was a high TM ratio to TVP in the TG treatment, the emulsions demonstrated better thermal stability and water holding capacity. Regarding the rheological properties of the emulsion, both the frequency-dependent storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G'') increased as the proportion of TVP in the emulsion increased with and without the addition of TG. Differential scanning calorimetry analyses demonstrated two protein denaturation peaks in all treatments, with high peak temperatures for both treatments with a high proportion of TM. The hardness and chewiness of the emulsion were highest in the treatment (T6 and T8) with TG, and the gumminess of the emulsion was greatest when TM only or when equal ratios of TVP and TM were treated with TG, respectively. In conclusion, the addition of TM to TVP with TG improves the overall texture of the protein mixture, making it a suitable meat alternative.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.664-669
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• 2019

In this paper, a water-based green polymer mud is synthesized by simple compounding method. Effects of different kinds of tackifiers, their molecular weight on the viscosity of polymer mud and the effects of different fluid loss additives on mud fluid loss are studied. The results show that when polystyrene and anionic polyacrylamide with molecular weight of 8 ~ 10 million are used as the main thickening ingredient, polymer mud with high viscosity and high stability can be obtained. When the prepared polymer mud is formulated as NPAM: PEO: Hydroxypropyl cellulose(HPC) : Water = 42:10:10:100000 (unit: kg), the viscosity can reach 20.6 s, the filtration loss in 7.5 min is 24 mL, and the sand content is only 0.1 %. Compared with traditional bentonite mud, the green environment-friendly polymer mud has the advantages of small amount of waste, low environmental pollution, and low pulping cost, and can meet the construction needs for most topography and geomorphology drilling engineering.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.221-237
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• 2010

In this study 72 different high strength concrete (HSC) mixes were produced according to the Taguchi design of experiment method. The specimens were divided into four groups based on the range of their compressive strengths 40-60, 60-80, 80-100 and 100-125 MPa. Each group included 18 different concrete mixes. The slump and air-content values of each mix were measured at the production time. The compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and water absorption properties were obtained at 28 days. Using this data the Genetic Programming technique was used to construct models to predict mechanical properties of HSC based on its constituients. These models, together with the cost data, were then used with a Genetic Algorithm to obtain an HSC mix that has minimum cost and at the same time meets all the strength and workability requirements. The paper describes details of the experimental results, model development, and optimization results.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.193-200
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• 2021

Barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Hangmaeg) sprouts are important microgreens that contain high levels of polyphenols and flavonoids, as well as minerals, vitamin and chlorophyll. Barley sprouts were grown for 9 days and growth was checked every 3 days. In this study, the cultivation efficiency according to the nutrient solution treatment was evaluated by analyzing the length of barley sprouts, fresh weight, chlorophyll, and the yield by growth period. In addition, we tried to increase the industrial applicability of germinated barley through analysis of inorganic component, total polyphenol and total flavonoid content of the extract, and functional substance analysis using HPLC. As a result, the growth rate of the nutrient solution treatment group was faster than that of the control group. When harvested on the 9th day of sowing, the nutrient solution treatment group showed a significant increase in yield compared to the control group. And the barley sprout extract of the nutrient solution treatment group had higher total flavonoid content and luteolin content. Also, the efficiency of water was higher than that of ethanol when extracting phenolics from barley sprouts. Therefore, this study suggests that nutrient input is effective for increasing polyphenol content and increasing production in barley sprout hydroponics.