• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.52-58
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• 1988

영지의 수용성추출물이 alcohol발효에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위해 영지추출물을 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0% 되게 첨가한 맥아즙에 S. cerevisiae를 접종하고 120시간 발효 ($15^{\circ}C$)과정중 S. cerevisiae의 생육도, pH의 변화 및 당 소비량, alcohol생성 등을 조사하였다. 영지추출물 첨가량이 증가 할수록 균체 증식은 현저하였고, 발효 120시간에서 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%구는 대조구보다 각각 1.2배, 1.5배, 1.9배 증가하였다. 발효액(120시간)의 당함량은 영지추출물 첨가량 순으로 낮았으나 pH 는 높았다. 발효 과정 중 총 alcohol 생성량은 영지추출물 첨가구가 모두 대조구보다 많았고 특히 고급 alcohol의 생성량은 120시간 발효후 1.0%구가 대조구에 비하여 약 1.8배 증가 하였다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.640-646
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• 2018

Cassia obtusifolia L. is commonly used as medicinal foods to treat gastrointestinal disease in many countries. This study evaluated the anti-constipation effects of ethanolic extract of Cassia obtusifolia L. in rats with loperamide-induced constipation. Diffferent concentrations of ethanolic extract of Cassia obtusifolia L. (0, 10, 250, and 500 mg/kg) was administered to rat orally once daily for 3 weeks following loperamide treatment. Six-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats (N=25) were randomly divided into five groups: normal control and experimental groups and injected loperamide intraperitoneally to induce constipation in the latter four experimental groups. Following the induction of loperamide-induced constipation, a marked decrease was observed in the fecal weight and water content discharged for over 1 week and intestinal transit time while an increase was observed in the number of fecal pellets remaining in the colonic lumen as compared with the normal control group. These conditions were significantly alleviated following the administration of the two doses (250 and 500 mg/kg) of ethanolic extract of Cassia obtusifolia L. when compared to the loperamide-treated (constipation control) group. More specifically, the number of fecal pellets in the colon was 3, 5, 4, 2.8, and 1.2 in the five groups, respectively and the corresponding GIT ratio was 70.77, 56.59, 58.67, 66.81, and 72.10%, respectively. The fecal water content, transit distance, and GIT ratio in the high-dose treatment group were significantly higher than that in the medium-dose treatment group, but a significant decrease in the number of fecal pellets in the colon. In conclusion, the Cassia obtusifolia L. extract is suggested to have beneficial effects as a therapeutic and preventive strategy to alleviate constipation and to relieve the symptoms of constipation such as pain, flatulence, distention, bloating, and unpleasant taste.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.93-106
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• 2000

비이온 계면활성제, 다가알코올, 물과 오일을 사용하여 단상형 액정 조성물을 제조하였고 이에 대한 물리적 성질을 조사하였다. 소수성기가 Y 형인 비이온 계면활성제인 POE octyldodecyl ether series와 친수성기가 Y 형인 POE glyceryl monostearate series가 2:1로 혼합한 계면활성제 system에 다과알코올이 혼합됨에 따른 상의 변화를 관찰하여 본 결과 7:3, 6:4, 5:5 인 비율에서 라멜라 백정상의 구조(In)가 잘 발현됨을 보여 주었으며, 상기 비율에 유성성분의 함량에 따른 라멜라 액정상의 발현을 관찰한 결과 계면활성제의 친수성이 높고, 계면활성제와 화가알코올의 비가 7:3인 system 011서 상대적으로 높은 오일을 함유한 라멜라 백정구조 형성이 가능함을 확인하였다. 전상이 되지 않은 상태로 라멜라 백정조성물의 친수성 층011 수분의 함유 정도를 관찰하여 본 결과 제조된 라멜라 액정조성물은 25 - 40% 정도의 수분을 라멜라 층간에 함유할 수 있음을 확인하였고, 백정조성물의 피부 도포 시에 우수한 피부 수분 함유 효과를 보여 주었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.330-342
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• 1998

영산강 하구역의 저서동물 군집구조 연구 일환으로 이 일대 해역의 저서환경을 조사하였다. 조사해역에 40개 정점을 설정하고 1995년 4월부터 1996년 2월까지 계절별로 표층 및 저층수괴의 수온, 염분 및 용존산소. 그리고 표층퇴적물의 입도분석과 함께 강열감량. COD 및 POC를 측정하였다. 수온은 표층의 경우 $4.1\~29.8^{\circ}C$, 저층의 경우 $4.0\~27.0^{\circ}C$범위였다. 염분의 경우 표층은 $15.1\~33.6\%_{\circ}$, 저층은 $21.5\~33.2\%_{\circ}$범위였다. 표층 수온은 여름철에는 내만역이 외측에 비해 높은 양상이었으며, 가을부터 봄까지는 내만역과 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 저층수온은 여름철에 내만역에 형성된 성층으로 인해 외해역에 비해 상대적으로 낮은 양상이었다. 표층 및 저층염분은 담수가 간헐적으로 유입되는 내만역이 외해역에 비해 전 계절에 걸쳐 통해 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 용존산소는 표층의 경우 $5.1\~11.2mg/\ell$ 범위였으며 저층의 경우 $0.79\~10.2mg/\ell$였다. 특히 여름철에는 하구둑에서 목포항에 이르는 내만역의 광범위한 해역에 $2.0mg/\ell$ 이하의 저층빈 산소수괴가 형성되었다. 퇴적물의 평균입도는 $9.12{\pm}0.45\phi$로서 하구둑에서 외해역으로 나갈수록 입도가 조립해지는 양상이었다. 퇴적상은 내만역에는 실트성 점토질, 외측역에는 점토성 실트질의 퇴적상이었다. 퇴적물의 COD는 $6.15\~15.49mg\;O_2/g$범위로서 평균 $10.59{\pm}12.64mgO_2/g$였으며, 강열감량은 $3.35\~15.45\%$범위로서 평균 $6.96{\pm}1.91\%$였다. POC는 $0.61\~1.39\%$범위로서 평균 $1.07{\pm}0.16\%$였다. 이들 퇴적물 환경요소들의 공간분포양상은 내만역에서 높고 외해역으로 갈수록 감소하는 양상을 나타내었다. 저층수괴의 수온, 용존산소량, 퇴적물의 평균 입도, 점토 함량, COD 등 5가지 환경 요인을 사용하여 주성분분석을 실시한 결과 영산강 하구역은 저층수괴의 용존산소량과 퇴적물의 점토 함량에 따라 3개의 정점군으로 구분되었다. 영산강 하구둑에서 목포항 주변까지를 포함하는 내만역에 위치한 정점군은 표층염분과 저층수온이 낮으며, 입도는 상대적으로 세립하며 유기물 함량이 높고 여름철 빈산소 수괴가 형성되는 정점군이다. 고하도와 화원반도로 둘러싸이고 목포구 수로를 통해 외해역과 면해 있는 정점군에서의 퇴적물 입도는 상대적으로 조립하며 유기물 함량은 낮은 양상이었다. 또한 여름철에도 산소결핍 현상은 발생하지 않았으며, 저층수온과 저층염 분도 다른 정점군에 비해 상대적으로 높은 양상이었다. 한편 목포항 주변에서부터 외해역과의 중간에 위치한 정점군에서의 제환경 요소들은 두 정점군의 중간값을 나타내고 있다. 결국, 각 정점군의 점토 함량의 차이 및 세립한 입도와 높은 유기물 함량. 그리고 빈산소 수괴의 출현은 영산강 하구역에서 저서동물의 공간분포 양상에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 특징적인 환경요인이라고 판단된다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.69-79
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• 1999

Recently, new concept and paradigm of 'Environmentally-Friendless' is taking a growing interest in environmental planning and design. This study is to develop the new approach of sustainable development, and to establish the indicators for environmentally-friendliness of "Tourism Farms" in rural areas. A questionnaire survey was conducted for deputy manager group and expert group. The environmentally-friendliness of tourism farms is composed of three categories, conservation of global environment(Low Impact), friendliness to surrounding nature(High Contact), and environmental health and amenities (Health '||'&'||' Amenity). Four indicators, such as saving of energy and water resource, reduction and reuse of garbage, natural purification of sewage disposal, and utilization of natural energy, were affecting the first category, i.e., conservation of global environment(Low Impact). And, friendliness to surrounding nature (High Contact) is affected by 3 indicators, such as contact to nature and diverse green areas, water intimate '||'&'||' contact areas, and natural ecology observation by biotope. Finally, the dimension of environmental health and amenity is affected by 3 indicators, such as nature affinity by farming experience, environmental-friendliness of soil '||'&'||' crops by organic farming, campaign and education programs of environmentally-friendliness. From the result of Importance-Performance Analysis(IPA) for 10 indicators, environmentally-friendliness was recommended as 'Concentrate Here'. And, the content validity of 10 indicators for 3 categories was examined by factor analysis. The result showed as the same as hypothetical model, which proved the validity of hypothetical model.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기설비전문위원
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• pp.207-210
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• 2008

In this paper, we researched the dielectric properties and voltage dependence on slice XLPE sheet from 22[kV] and 154[kV] power cable. We studied effects for impurities and water for semiconductor shield through a dielectric properties experiment to estimate performance of insulating materials in power cable. Capacitance and $tan{\delta}$ of 22[kV], 154[kV] were 53/43[pF] and $7.4{\times}10^{-4}$, $2.1510^{-4}$. In these results, the trend was increased with the increase of temperature. The tan6 of XLPE/semiconductor layer was increased as compared with that of XLPE. Dielectric properties reliability of tan6 was small. Also, To improve mean-life and reliability of power cable in this study, we have investigated chemical properties showing by changing the content of carbon black that is semiconductive additives for underground power transmission. Specimens were made of sheet form with the three of existing resins and the nine of specimens for measurement. Chemical properties of specimens was measured by FT-ATR (Fourier Transform Attenuated Total Reflectance). The condition of specimens was a solid sheet. We could observe functional group (C=O, carbonyl group) of specimens through FT-ATR. From these experimental result, the concentration of functional group (C=O) was high according to increasing the content of carbon black. We could know EEA was excellent more than other specimens from above experimental results.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.160-167
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• 1998

통영 연안해역 및 경남 내륙지방에서 어획된 72종 (해산어 59종, 담수어 13종)의 어류에 대한 식품영양학적 기초자료를 얻기 위하여, 그들의 일반성분조성과 CHOL 및 $\alpha$-Toc 함량의 분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 지질 함량은 표 중층 회유어 (평균 $6.09\%$) > 담수어(평균 $4.40\%$) > 연안 암초어 (평균 $3.41\%$) > 저서어(평균 $2.21\%$) 순으로 많았으며, 수분 함량과는 역상관관계 (p<0.001)를 나타냈다. 단백질은 전 어류에서 평균 약 $17\~18\%$를 함유하였으나, 수분 함량과의 상관성은 저서어를 제외한 다른 어류에서는 인정되지 않았고, 회분 함량은 전 어류에서 $1\~2\%$로 거의 일정하였다. CHOL 함량은 6.7(꼼치)$\~$249mg(뱀장어)/100g muscle의 범위로 어종에 따라 큰 차이를 보였으며, 지질함량과 정의 상관관계를 보였다. $\alpha-Toc$ 함량은 뱀장어 (4.1 mg/100 g muscle)를 제외한 나머지 어종에서는 흔적 또는 3mg/100g 이하였으며, 지질 함량과 대체로 비례하는 경향을 나타냈다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.237-242
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• 2013

We investigated the 1-deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ) content of extracts from silkworm larvae at each developmental stage within three silkworm varieties. We also compared the content of the following polyhydroxylated alkaloids in the silkworm extracts: 1-DNJ, fagomine, and 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-arabinitol (DAB). In addition, we evaluated the glucose-lowering effects of silkworm extract powder in db/db mice. The 1-DNJ content was the highest in Yeonnokjam $5^{th}$ instar $3^{rd}$ d larvae and Hansaengjam $5^{th}$ instar $3^{rd}$ d larvae, which contained 18.4 mg/100 g dry weight and 18.3 mg/100 g dry weight, respectively. The $5^{th}$ instar $3^{rd}$ d larvae exhibited a higher content of 1-DNJ than that of $5^{th}$ instar $5^{th}$ d larvae among all varieties. The glucose-lowering effects of silkworm extracts and Yeonnokjam powder were tested on db/db mice, and the blood glucose levels were found to decrease significantly in the YR70 group. Silkworm extracts (180 mg/kg, 90 mg/kg, 45 mg/kg, and 22.5 mg/kg) and acarbose (50 mg/kg) were administered orally for 4 wk. Changes in water intake were not statistically significant between control and silkworm extract-treated groups. Compared to the control group, blood glucose levels in the silkworm extract powder-treated group decreased in the 22.5 mg/kg/d group after being administered for 4 wk. This decrease was statistically significant. Furthermore, biochemical changes in the AST(Aspartate aminotransferase), ALT(Alanine aminotransferase), TCHO(Total Cholesterol), TG(Triglyceride), LDL(Low density lipoprotein), and HDL(High density lipoprotein) levels in blood were not observed. However, statistically significant decreases in blood GLU in the 22.5 mg/kg/d group compared to that of the control group occurred. In addition, the epididymal fat weight of the silkworm extract powder-treated group decreased significantly in both the 22.5 mg/kg/d group and 180 mg/kg/d group compared to that of the control group, but there were no statistically significant changes in perirenal fat weight. These results demonstrate that silkworm extracts inhibit changes in blood glucose levels in model diabetic mice.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.846-853
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• 2024

Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis), which provides plant-based proteins and functional substances, requires a long soaking time during processing, which limits its usefulness to industries and consumers. To improve this, ultrasonic treatment using high pressure and shear force was judged to be an appropriate pretreatment method. This study aimed to determine the optimal conditions of ultrasound treatment for the improved hydration of adzuki beans using the response surface methodology (RSM). Independent variables chosen to regulate the hydration process of the adzuki beans were the soaking time (2-14 h, X₁), treatment intensity (150-750 W, X₂), and treatment time (1-10 min, X₃). Dependent variables chosen to assess the differences in the beans post-immersion were moisture content, water activity, and hardness. The optimal conditions for treatment deduced through RSM were a soaking time of 12.9 h, treatment intensity of 600 W, and treatment time of 8.65 min. In this optimal condition, the values predicted for the dependent variables were a moisture content of 58.32%, water activity of 0.9979 a_w, and hardness of 14.63 N. Upon experimentation, the results obtained were a moisture content of 58.28 ± 0.56%, water activity of 0.9885 ± 0.0040 a_w, and hardness of 13.01 ± 2.82 g, confirming results similar to the predicted values. Proper ultrasound treatment caused cracks in the hilum, which greatly affects the water absorption of adzuki beans, accelerating the rate of hydration. These results are expected to help determine economically efficient processing conditions for specific purposes, in addition to solving industrial problems associated with the low hydration rate of adzuki beans.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2013

Objective: The study was carried out to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant potential of Ziziphus mucronata (ZM) fruit extract. Methods: The different types of fruit extract were prepared by soaking the dry powdered fruit in different solvents followed by rotary evaporation. Each extract was tested for its phenol content and antioxidant activities. An in vivo study was performed in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Thirty adult male SD rats (aged 21 weeks) were divided into six groups of five rats each and treated as follows: The normal control (NC) received distilled water while the dimethoate control (DC) received 6 mg/kg.bw.day-1 dimethoate dissolved in distilled water. The experimental groups E1, E2, E3, and E0 received dimethoate (6 mg/kg.bw) + ZMFM (100 mg/kg.bw-1), dimethoate (6 mg/kg.bw) + ZMFM (200 mg/kg.bw-1), dimethoate (6 mg/kg.bw) + ZMFM (300 mg/kg.bw-1), and ZMFM (300 mg/kg.bw-1) only. Both the normal control and the dimethoate control groups were used to compare the results. After 90 days, rats were sacrificed, blood was collected for biochemical assays, and livers were harvested for histological study. Results: High phenol content was estimated, and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH) spectrophotometric, thin layer chromatography (TLC) and 2, 2-Azobis-3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) assays showed a high antioxidant activity among the extracts. The preventive effects observed in the E1, E2 and E3 groups proved that the extract could prevent dimethoate toxicity by maintaining normal reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin C and E, superoxide dismutase, catalase, cholineasterase and lipid profiles. The preventive effect was observed to be dose dependent. The EO group showed no extract-induced toxicity. Histological observations agreed with the results obtained in the biochemical studies. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that ZM methanol fruit extract is capable of attenuating dimethoate-induced toxicity because of its high antioxidant activity.