• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.55-59
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• 1973

닭고기의 가공특성(加工特性)을 알고, 가공방법(加工方法)을 개선(改善)하기 위하여 폐계와 육계(肉鷄)를 각(各) 20수(首)씩을 5군(群)으로 나누어(whole carcass, skinned carcass, debonned carcass, thigh muscle, breast muscle) 마쇄하여 실험(實驗)하였다. 그 결과를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 폐계와 육계(肉鷄)의 도체률(屠體率)은 각(各) $64.32{\pm}2.11,\;67.96{\pm}1.16$이었고, 흡수증체률(吸水增體率)은 $105.43{\pm}1.9,\;104.13{\pm}0.2$이었다. 2. 화학성분(化學成分)은 육계(肉鷄)가 폐계보다 수분(水分)이 많고, 지방(脂肪)이 다소(多少) 적었다. 시료별(試料別)로는 폐계, 육계(肉鷄) 공(共)히 whole carcass ground meat가 thigh m., breast m보다 수분이 적고 지방과 회분의 많았다. 3. Relative WHC와 water retention은 thigh m. breast m. 과 skinned carcass가 높고, whole carcass가 가장 낮았다. 4. 가열감량률(加熱減量率)은 각군(各群) 모두 온도(溫度)가 상승할수록 높고 whole carcass가 가장 높았다. 5. Relative WHC, water retention과 가열감량률(加熱減量率)은 폐계와 육계(肉鷄) 사이의 유의성(有意性)은 전혀 인정(認定)되지 않았다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.489-498
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• 2008

The objectives of this study were to provide fundamental information on how individual phenolic compounds form on the inside of apple slices during cold storage, the changes in the content of four types of phenols, ingredient variation of individual phenolic compounds and the influence of phenolic compounds on enzymatic browning. This study measured the changes in the content of soluble solids, pH and vitamin C in order to investigate the correlations between these variables. HD and FA were the main phenolic compounds found in the apple slices, and HD was the most prevalent phenol. Furthermore, comparison of the CG and EP content revealed that there were more CGs than EPs. The phenol content tended to decrease considerably in the fresh apple slices and water-dipped apple slices but only slightly in the CP from sucrose-dipped apple slices and 0.5% ascorbic acid solution-dipped apple slices. The degree of browning increased in the following order: fresh apple slices, water-dipped apple slices, 0.5% ascorbic acid solution-dipped apple slices and CP from sucrose-dipped apple slices. The vitamin C content tended to decrease in the fresh apple slices, water-dipped apple slices, 0.5% ascorbic acid solution-dipped apple slices and CP from sucrose-dipped apple slices. The pH tended to increase in all sample groups, but the pH of the water-dipped apple slices was lower than that of the comparison group. The CP from sucrose-dipped apple slices had the lowest value of pH. The change in soluble solids tended to increase in all treatment groups, but this increase was less in the CP from sucrose-dipped apple slice. Correlation analysis revealed a high degree of correlation between browning and chlorogenic acid content. The results of the present study show that, when stored in the fridge, the change in phenol ingredient content in apple slices influences the browning of the slices. The results also showed that HD and FA were the main phenolic compounds, while CG was shown to have the greatest influence on browning.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.305-313
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• 2019

Background: This research aims to study the effect of climate change on the phenology, growth, and physiological traits of Silene capitata Kom., a Korean endangered species II. This study increased $CO_2$ concentration in a closed glass greenhouse, with the daily mean temperature and $CO_2$ concentration respectively being $4.61^{\circ}C$ and 93.63 ppm higher than the outside temperature (ambient conditions, control). The seeds of S. capitata were sown in control and treatment environments in March 2013 while seedlings were transplanted into individual pots in May 2013. To research phenological changes, the first day of the flowering and ripening of the plants transplanted in 2013 and first day of leafing in 2014 were observed. The growth and physiological responses of mature leaves were also studied in 2013. Results: There was no difference in the first day of flowering, but the first day of ripening was earlier in the treatment group than the control group. There was no difference in the number of rosette leaves between the two groups, but leaf area was wider in the treatment group than the control group. Transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were higher in the treatment group than the control group, chlorophyll content decreased, and photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency were the same for both groups. As a result of simple regression analysis among the transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, and water use efficiency, stomatal conductance increased when transpiration rate increased. Stomatal conductance increased with photosynthetic rate in the control unlike in the treatment group. The photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency increased with transpiration rate in the control group unlike in the treatment group. Furthermore, water use efficiency increased as photosynthetic rate increased in both groups. Conclusion: Due to high $CO_2$ concentration, the photosynthetic rate was no longer controlled by the stomata, which appeared to suppress the excessive production of photosynthetic products by reducing chlorophyll content. It is believed that the phenological responses of S. capitata under climate change conditions will advance and that stable growth will be difficult in regions lacking moisture due to the high transpiration rate.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.87-99
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• 2012

국내에서 출토되는 퇴적암, 화성암 및 변성암군중 출토빈도가 높은 9개 암종을 대상으로 함수에 의한 탄성계수의 저감거동을 분석하였다. 일축압축강도 기준으로 20MPa 범위로 5개단계로 분활하여 단계별, Group별로 함수 저감거동을 분석한 결과는 5개 퇴적암 전부와 화성암군인 안산암을 포함한 모집단은 단일 저감거동을 보이며, 화성암군인 화강암, 유문암과 변성암군인 편마암은 또 다른 동일 거동을 보이며, 더욱이 저감속도가 퇴적암군을 포함한 모집단에 비해서 2배이상 빠르며 탄성계수의 잔존값도 매우 낮게 나타났다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2009

Sericulturists in the vicinity of Bangalore city irrigate their mulberry gardens with Vrishabhavathy stream water, which is polluted with domestic and industrial wastes from the city. To investigate the effect of pollutants on silkworm crops, a detailed field survey was conducted to study the cocoon yield pattern of the crops raised on mulberry irrigated with wastewater as against irrigation by bore/open wells. The villages along the stream were grouped into five test batches at about a distance of $5{\sim}8$ km from each other. The seasonal yield data with relevant information were collected through questionnaires from 117 rearers using stream water and 35 rearers using bore/open wells, the latter serving as control group. The average yield for 100 layings was 46 to 57 kg in the control group whereas in test groups, it ranged between 34 to 51 kg in the first test group and 22 to 38 kg in the rest. The difference in yield was $9{\sim}19$ kg depending on the season between control and test batches. In summer, this difference was higher, with high co-efficient of variation in test groups ($33{\sim}52$%). Further, water, soil and leaf samples were collected from selected rearers and were analyzed for zinc, copper, iron, lead and nickel. Results indicated significantly higher contents of these metals in samples from gardens using wastewater when compared control samples. Significantly (p<0.05 & p<0.01)) higher levels of zinc ($24{\sim}122$ ppm) and iron ($208{\sim}683$ ppm) were noticed in mulberry leaves during summer followed by winter and rainy season. The significance of high content of heavy metals in mulberry leaves and cocoon yield pattern of this area in relation to the quality of irrigation water is discussed.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.208-214
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary oriental medicine refuse(OMR) and mugwort powder on physico-chemical characteristics of Korean Native Pork(KNP). KNP were randomly assigned to one of the three dietary treatments : 1) control (commercial feed) 2) T1 (commercial fed supplemented with 10% OMR powder) 3) T2 (commercial feed with 10% mugwort powder). 15 heads(♂) were feed one of the experimental diets for 5 months and slaughtered. In the proximate composition, moisture content showed slightly high in the T1, however, fat content were tended to be high in the control. The heating loss, shear value, WHC (water holding capacity) were not significantly between control and the treatments group. The T1 showed the lowest pH among treatments (P<0.05). In sensory evaluation, juiciness and tenderness of T1 and T2 were higher compared with that of control. Hunter a* did not show any difference among the treatments group. But Hunter L*, b* in treatment group(T1, T2) were higher than that of the control. Oleic acid, linoleic acid and unsaturated fatty acid contents of T1 and T2 were higher than the control. The total amino acid of the control, T1 and T2 were 18.290, 18.177 and 18.942mg%, respectively.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.297-306
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• 2023

새만금호는 우리나라 최대의 인공호수로 호수의 수질은 갈수록 악화되어 가고 있어 호수의 특성에 맞는 새로운 수질관리 대책이 필요하다. 이에 새만금호의 국가수질측정망 자료를 이용하여 통계분석 기법에 의한 새만금호의 시공간적 수질특성을 분석하였다. 수질항목간의 상관성에서 수온과 TP는 상관성이 있고, 염분과 TN, 그리고 pH와 COD가 상관성이 높았다. 그 외 항목들 간에는 낮은 상관성을 나타내어 관련성이 낮았다. 주성분 분석을 이용한 새만금호의 공간적 수질특성을 보면, 크게 4개의 그룹으로 구분되었는데, 담수 영향구역과 해수 영향구역, 해수와 담수가 혼합되는 중간 수역이 2개 그룹으로 구분되어 각각 다른 수질특성을 나타내었다. 주성분분석을 이용한 시간적 수질특성은 계절적으로 4가지 그룹으로 구분되었다. 그룹I은 늦봄과 초여름에 해당되는 5, 6월이고, 그룹 II는 계절적으로 초봄(3, 4월)과 늦가을(11, 12월)에 해당되는 시기로 나타났으며, 그룹 III은 낮은 수온에 의한 용존산소의 증가가 나타나는 계절인 겨울철(1, 2월)의 수질 특성을 보였고, 그룹 IV는 하계(7, 8, 9, 10월) 성층의 발달로 저층 퇴적물의 높은 인농도와 하계 고수온의 상관성을 가지는 그룹으로 구분되었다. 이는 새만금호가 인위적으로 조성된 호수로써 상류 만경강과 동진강의 유입 영향을 받는 것과 동시에 새만금 방조제에 설치된 가력과 신시갑문을 통한 외해수 유입의 영향을 받음으로써 수질의 변동요소가 달라진 것으로 평가된다. 새만금호의 목표수질을 달성하기 위해서는 상류 유역의 오염원 관리 대책과 함께 새만금호의 수질관리 대책을 수립할 필요가 있다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2019

Superabsorbent hydrogel (SAH) is a lightly crosslinked hydrophilic functional polymer material comprising a flexible chain structure, which can absorb and retain high amounts of water or aqueous fluids even under high pressure. Therefore, it is important to improve their characteristics such as absorption performance, residual monomer content, and water permeability. SAH nanocomposites were prepared using clay mineral as an inorganic filler and the influence of post-treatment processes such as quenching and aging process on their properties was studied. In addition, surface-crosslinking process was applied to improve the absorption performance associated with mechanical properties and water permeability. The structure of the SAH was characterized using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and scanning electron microscopy.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.685-690
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• 2018

In this study, a multifunctional ophthalmic lens material with an electromagnetic shielding effect, high oxygen permeability, and high water content is tested, and its applicability is evaluated. Metal oxide nanoparticles are applied to the ophthalmic lens material for vision correction to shield harmful electromagnetic waves; the pyridine group is used to improve the antibacterial effect; and silicone substituted with urethane and acrylate is employed to increase the oxygen permeability and water content. In addition, multifunctional tinted ophthalmic lens materials are studied using lens materials with an excellent antibacterial effect (2,6-difluoropyridine, 2-fluoro-4-pyridinecarboxylic acid) and functional (UV protection, high wettability) lens materials (2,4-dihydroxy benzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-(methacryloyloxy)benzophenone). To solve problems such as air bubbles generated during the polymerization process for the manufacturing and turbidity of the lens surface, polymerization conditions in which the defect rate is minimized are determined. The results show that the polymerization temperature and time are most appropriate when they are $110^{\circ}C$ and 40 minutes, respectively. The optimum injection amount of the polymerization solution is 350 ms. The turbid phenomenon that appears in lens processing is improved by 10 to 95 % according to the test time and conditions.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.427-435
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• 1995

In order to discuss the differences among the SMP(Surface Moisture Availability Parameter), by previous researchers on the basis of their own theoretical and empirical background, we assessed the SMP according to the soil types and volumetric soil water contents. The results are as follows. There are differences among all the five SMAPs. There's a tendency that the larger grain size, the higher value of parameters. And they divided into two groups for their value: one group has parameters with exponential function and the other with cosine and linear function. The maximum difference between the two groups appears when the volumetric soil water contents are 0.07m3m-3 for sand, 0.l1m3m-3 for loam, 0.12 for clay, and 0.13m3m-3 for silt loam. So, these differences must be considered when we estimate the surface evaporation rate. From field data, the paddy field soil around Junam reservoir is classified as a silt has high wetness, 0.56. So, the parameter obtained from the field measurement is much higher than that of Clapp and Hornberger(1978)'s Table. This study treated the SMP for a certain point of time in winter season. But if we measured the soil water contents continuously, we could obtain better time-dependent parameter. Key words : SMAP(Surface Moisture Availability Parameter), Paddy field, Volumetric soil water content, Evaporation, Capillary potential.