• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.40-50
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• 2023

Research in interdisciplinary fields like biomechanics is published in a variety of journals whose visibility depends on bibliometric indexing that is often driven by citation analysis of bibliometric databases. This study documented variation in publication metrics and research subject categories assigned to 14 biomechanics journals. Authors, citation, and citation rate (CR) were collected for the top 15 cited articles in the journals retrieved from the Google Scholar service. Research subject categories were also extracted for journals from three databases (Dimensions, Journal Citation Reports, and Scopus). Despite the focus on biomechanics for the journals studied, these biomechanics journals have widely varying CR and subject categories assigned to them. There were significant (p=0.001) and meaningful (77-108%) differences in median CR between average, low, and high CR groups of these biomechanics journals. Since CR are primary data used to calculate most journal metrics and there is no one biomechanics subject category, field normalization for journal citation metrics in biomechanics is difficult. Care must be taken to accurately interpret most citation metrics of biomechanics journals as biased proxies of general usage of research, given a specific database, time frame, and area of biomechanics research.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.321-327
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• 2024

In recent years, the frequency of fires in college dormitories has been increasing, primarily due to outdated electrical wiring and improper use of electrical appliances. Given the high population density in such buildings, fires can cause significant damage to life and property. To better understand the dynamics of dormitory fires, this study uses Pyrosim fire simulation software to model fire scenarios in a six-story male dormitory. The study focuses on analyzing key factors such as heat release rates, smoke spread, temperature changes, and carbon monoxide concentrations during a fire. Simulation results indicate that smoke spreads rapidly after a fire breaks out, significantly reducing visibility and hindering evacuation efforts. Simultaneously, temperatures near the fire source rise quickly, exceeding safe levels, and carbon monoxide concentrations reach dangerous thresholds in a short time, greatly increasing the risk of poisoning. Based on these findings, the study proposes several recommendations to improve fire prevention in dormitories, including installing smoke barriers, improving evacuation routes, adding mechanical smoke extraction systems, and enhancing students' fire safety awareness and skills through regular training. These measures are crucial for reducing fire risks and enhancing fire safety in college dormitories.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.75-82
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• 2011

There is the uncertain period of the construction in case of the products meeting the quality standard of KS M 6080, the quality is degraded because of the abrasive loss of the paint caused by vehicle tires as the traffic amount increases and of the loss and detachment of the glass beads providing the retroreflective function. The abrupt degradation of visibility causes the high frequency of traffic accidents at night and increases the traffic accident rate. Additional supplementary construction induces the direct material and construction costs. As the more cost induction effect than the direct cost, the traffic jam caused by the additional construction increases the indirect social costs such as time cost and vehicle cost. Hence, the study is concerned with performing the abrasion resistance test based on the EN 1436 standard to check and improve the quality of various road marking materials resulting in improving the durability of road marking materials. However, even though the difference in the durability lifetime of resins(binders) is bibliographically or theoretically clear, there was no difference in the durability lifetime (retroreflectivity aspect) of the road marking paint using these binders. The reason is that the bonding of beads was very insufficient or that the cross density caused by crack or freshness was low. Moreover, the measured wet retroreflectivity was distributed as the Rw3 or higher class in average on the basis of EN 1436 but was very insufficient on the basis of the minimum wet threshold retroreflectivity with 100mcd/($m^2{\cdot}lx$) managed overseas.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.342-348
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• 2014

Onshore great fires can normally be extinguished by firefighters using special firefighting equipment and its suitable method. However, offshore fires on the ships are to be extinguished by the crew without any supports from the onshore. Also, crews working on board are exposed to high risk of emergency evacuation due to the complicated structure arrangement of the ships and different accident types such as fire and ship collisions. As most of damage and loss of life in fire are associated with suffocation, shortening of evacuation time is an important factor to improve a survival rate. In this study, visibility in the accommodation area is analyzed by using the temperature and smoke flow which are obtained by the Fire Dynamic Simulator(FDS) as a Three-Dimensional Fire Analysis program to understand the survival rate of the crew upon the fire. The fire doors for most of ships are designed to close automatically when the fire alarm is activated. These automatic closing of the fire doors is a very effective system to delay the spread of flame and smoke flow for the unmanned spaces of the fire protected area. However, if the crew cannot escape within the estimated time, the crew inside the fire protected area will be damaged a lot. In this paper, the comparative analysis between the evacuations by using the fire door from the fire protected area and the suggested fire shielding structure in this study is carried out by the smoke flow rate and the temperature rise rate.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.77-85
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• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to subdivide trade transaction-centered structure in a logistics/distribution industry system to apply blockchain, to establish and resolve with which types of technology, and to provide policy direction of government institution and technology to apply blockchain in this kind of industry. Research design, data, and methodology - This study was conducted with previous researches centered on cases applied in various industry sectors on the basis of blockchain technology. Results - General fields of blockchain application include digital contents distribution, IoT platform, e-Commerce, real-estate transaction, decentralized app. development(storage), certification service, smart contract, P2P network infrastructure, publication/storage of public documents, smart voting, money exchange, payment/settlement, banking security platform, actual asset storage, stock transaction and crowd funding. Blockchain is being applied in various fields home and abroad and its application cases can be explained in the banking industry, public sector, e-Commerce, medical industry, distribution and supply chain management, copyright protection. As examined in the blockchain application cases, it is expected to establish blockchain that can secure safety through distributed ledger in trade transaction because blockchain is established and applied in various sectors of industries home and abroad. Parties concerned of trade transaction can secure visibility even in interrupted specific section when they provide it as a base for distributed ledger application in trade and establish trade transaction model by applying blockchain. In case of interrupted specific section by using distributed ledger, blockchain model of trade transaction needs to be formed to make it possible for parties concerned involved in trade transaction to secure visibility and real-time tracking. Additionally, management should be possible from the time of contract until payment, freight transfer to buyers through land, air and maritime transportation. Conclusions - In order to boost blockchain-based logistics/distribution industry, the government, institutionally, needs to back up adding legal plan of shipping, logistics and distribution, reviewing standardization of electronic switching system and coming up with blockchain-based industrial road maps. In addition, the government, technologically, has to support R&D for integration with other high technology, standardization of distribution industry's blockchain technology and manpower training to expand technology development.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.782-790
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• 2016

When a fire occurs on a ship that has mechanical ventilation facilities, the air supply and exhaust systems directly effect smoke diffusion. And there is a high possibility that occupant's visibility will be harmed because of smoke. In this study, the effects and risks of air supply and exhaust systems with regard to smoke diffusion given a shipboard fire analyzed with a Fire Dynamic Simulator(FDS). Suggested measures are also provided for using air supply and exhaust systems more efficiently. The results showed that, when air supply and exhaust systems were both working at the time of a fire, rather than stopping these systems as previously encouraged, continuing to operate both was an effective measure to gain evacuation time. When a fire occurred and the exhaust system was operating, also starting the air supply system near the origin of the fire was another effective approach to gain evacuation time. However, when only the air supply system was operating and a fire occurred, the air supply system accelerated smoke diffusion, so it was necessary to stop the air supply system to detect smoke diffusion as much as possible.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Construction Safety
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 2018

Construction accidents in Korea are continuously increasing. Safety signs with high visibility color can diminish such accidents in dangerous places. In order for safety color to be more effective as a global communication means in construction sites, it needs to be checked out whether safety color standard reflect the characteristics of construction industry such as worker or work environment. This paper compared safety color standards among Korea, the US, the UK, and Australia. First, blue color was included in all, which should be corrected considering aged workers increasing in construction industry. Because with age, the ability to distinguish between blue, purple, and gray colors decreases. Second, Korea, which has only single code designated to safety colors, should find alternatives like tolerance to be applicable to a variety of light environments on construction sites, as the contrast which affect the visibility may decrease in dark conditions.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.12
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• pp.1255-1263
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• 2021

While it could become an alternative water resource, fog could undermine traffic safety and operational performance of infrastructures. To reduce such adverse impacts, it is necessary to have spatially continuous fog risk information. In this work, tree-based machine-learning models were developed in order to quantify fog risks with routine meteorological observations alone. The Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), Light Gradient Boosting (LGB), and Random Forests (RF) were chosen for the regional fog models using operational weather and visibility observations within the Jeollabuk-do province. Results showed that RF seemed to show the most robust performance to categorize between fog and non-fog situations during the training and evaluation period of 2017-2019. While the LGB performed better than in predicting fog occurrences than the others, its false alarm ratio was the highest (0.695) among the three models. The predictability of the three models considerably declined when applying them for an independent period of 2020, potentially due to the distinctively enhanced air quality in the year under the global lockdown. Nonetheless, even in 2020, the three models were all able to produce fog risk information consistent with the spatial variation of observed fog occurrences. This work suggests that the tree-based machine learning models could be used as tools to find locations with relatively high fog risks.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.204-210
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• 2019

In case of a fire inside a tunnel, unlike ordinary roads, it is very difficult for a driver to obtain visibility, and a large accident is highly likely to occur. In this study, the smoke behavior, visible distance, and CO concentration of a jet fan were analyzed using the NIST fire simulation (FDS). All analyses were set to HRRPUA (Heat Release Rate Per Area) 3.6MW/m and all the analysis times were set to 600s. In all analyses by CFD, the results were confirmed at y=30m and y=110m, and smoke behavior analysis, visible range analysis, and carbon monoxide concentration were confirmed according to the diameter and flow rate. As the size and flow rate of the jet fan increased, the visibility distance was high at y=30m, and the concentration of carbon monoxide was also confirmed to be 0 ppm. Therefore, proper setting of the jet fan diameter and flow rate will be an excellent solution for fires in tunnels, and taking refuge at upstream area of a re-ventilated fan can reduce the number of casualties.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.58-77
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• 2017

This study applied the index called Visual Perception Intensity (VPI) which quantitatively deals with landscape values and viewpoints to designate the cultural heritage areas in the Scenic Sites. The results of the study are as follows. First, a VPI selection index was presented for designating the cultural heritage areas in the Scenic Sites. The index was applied in consideration of the distance from the viewing point to the object and its incident angle. In addition, the process of the VPI analysis was implemented with GIS and the analysis algorithm was constructed. Second, the possibility of VPI was examined by comparing the simple frequency of the cumulative visibility with the results of the VPI. The VPI was analyzed to be more influenced by the incidence angle than the distance between the viewpoint and the object within a 4.74 km area. Third, a field survey was performed to investigate the effectiveness of the VPI classification. The survey was implemented based on the results of the investigation into the VPI to examine whether human visual perception was fully reflected. It was confirmed through the field survey that an area with high VPI was also an important area. Fourth, a plan for the cultural heritage area adjustment was constructed by applying the VPI to the areas already designated as Scenic Sites. As a result of classifying the VPI into three classes, it was found that the areas with the second class or higher were needed to be designated as cultural heritage areas and the areas with the third class as the Historical and Cultural Environments Preservation Area.