• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.415-420
• /
• 2002

This study is intended to investigate the influence of mineral admixtures on the autogenous and drying shrinkage of high performance concrete. According to results, drying shrinkage increases with increase of fly ash content, and it does not show difference with replacement of blast furnace slag powder. It increases when incorporating silica fume or fly ash and silica fume together. The autogenous shrinkage shows increasing tendency with increase of silica fume and blast furnace slag powder content, and incorporating of silica fume or fly ash and silica fume together has effects on reducing autogenous shrinkage. Therefore, it is considered that application of both silica fume and fly ash can reduce the cracks caused by autogenous shrinkage, including enhancement in strength and placeability of high performance concrete.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2008

This study investigates the spalling properties of high strength concrete designed with various types of mineral admixture and diverse content ratios of polypropylene (PP) fiber. Experimental factors considered in series I are four pozzolan types of mineral admixture and series II consists of three shrinkage reducing types of mineral admixture. PP fiber was added 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15vol. % in each mixture of series I and series II, so that totally 27 specimens including control concretes in each series were prepared. Test results showed that the increase of fiber content decreased the slump flow of fresh concrete and increased or decreased the air content depending on the declining ratio of slump flow. For the properties of compressive strength, all specimens were indicated at around 50 MPa, which is high strength range; especially all specimens in series II were 60 MPa. Fire test was conducted in standard heating curve of ISO 834 with ${\phi}100{\times}200\;mm$ size of cylinder moulds for 1 hour. The specimens incorporating silica fume exhibited severe spalling and most specimens without the silica fume could be protected from the spalling occurrence in only 0.05vol % of PP fiber content. This fire test results demonstrated that the spalling occurrence in high strength concrete was not only affected by concrete strength related to the porosity of microstructure but also, even more influenced by micro pore structure induced by the mineral admixtures.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제55권6호
• /
• pp.1988-1993
• /
• 2023

This experimental study investigated the effect of silica fume mixed in concrete blocks on laser-induced explosion behavior. We used a 5.3 kW fiber laser as a thermal source to induce explosive spalling on a concrete surface blended with and without silica fume. An analytical approach based on the difference in the removal rate and thermal behavior was used to determine the effect of silica fume on laser-induced explosive spalling. A scanner was employed to calculate the laser-scabbled volume of the concrete surface to derive the removal rate. The removal rate of the concrete mixed with silica fume was higher than that of without silica fume. Thermal images acquired during scabbling were used to qualitatively analyze the thermal response of laser-induced explosive spalling on the concrete surface. At the early stage of laser heating, an uneven spatial distribution of surface temperature appeared on the concrete blended with silica fume because of frequent explosive spalling within a small area. By contrast, the spalling frequency was relatively lower in laser-heated concrete without silica fume. Furthermore, we observed that a larger area was removed via a single explosive spalling event owing to its high porosity.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.539-544
• /
• 2002

The properties of mortar and concrete including metakaolin as a partial cement replacement were investigated in terms of fluidity and compressive strength. The results show that mortar and concrete in which 10 % of cement is replaced with metakaolin exhibit much higher compressive strength after 3 days of hydration than ordinary Portland cement, indicating that metakaolin can be used in the production of high strength concrete replacing silica fume. The type of superplasticizer largely affected on the fluidity and compressive strength of mortar and concrete including metakaolin. It was concluded that when metakaolin is used for the purpose of manufacturing high strength concrete, it is desirable to use PNS based blends rather than PNS, PMS and polycarboxylate based superplasticizer.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.597-604
• /
• 2004

본 연구는 실리카퓸을 사용한 고강도 콘크리트의 고온하의 압축강도의 저하 및 공극률 변화를 통하여 강도 감소와 공극구조와의 연관성을 검토하였다. 또한, 실리카퓸 혼입의 유무와 각 가열온도에서의 시멘트 수화물의 탈수에 의한 공극특성의 변화에 관한 기초 데이터를 제공하고자 하였다. 연구결과, 실리카퓸의 혼입에 따른 필러효과 및 물-결합재비의 차로 인해 공극률 및 공극분포는 다르게 나타났다. 가열온도가 상승함에 따라 공극률도 점진적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 또한, $600^{\circ}C$ 이상의 고온에서의 경향성은 더욱 현저하였다. 가열온도의 상승에 따라 $0.1{\~}0.5{\mu}m$공극의 증가는 현저하였으며 이는 모세관 공극의 수분의 증발 및 C-S-H계 수화물 및 수산화칼슘이 분해되어 결합수가 탈수한 결과이다. 고열에 의한 신축도 콘크리트 내부의 미세균열을 발생시켜 공극률 증가를 유발한다. 이러한 공극률 증가는 가열온도에 따라 일정한 경향성을 띠므로 화해를 입은 콘크리트의 수열온도 및 국부적인 성능저하를 예측할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제85권1호
• /
• pp.29-53
• /
• 2023

High-strength shielding concrete against gamma radiation is a priority for many medical and industrial facilities. This paper aimed to investigate the gamma-ray shielding properties of high-strength hematite concrete mixed with silica fume (SF) with nanoparticles of lead dioxide (PbO₂), tungsten oxide (WO₃), and bismuth oxide (Bi₂O₃). The effect of mixing steel fibres with the aforementioned binders was also investigated. The reference mixture was prepared for high-strength concrete (HSCC) containing 100% hematite coarse and fine aggregate. Thirteen mixtures containing 5% SF and nanoparticles of PbO₂, WO₃, and Bi₂O₃ (2%, 5%, and 7% of the cement mass, respectively) were prepared. Steel fibres were added at a volume ratio of 0.28% of the volume of concrete with 5% of nanoparticles. The slump test was conducted to workability of fresh concrete Unit weight water permeability, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity tests were conducted to assess concrete's engineering properties at 28 days. Gamma-ray radiation of 137Cs emits photons with an energy of 662 keV, and that of 60Co emits two photons with energies of 1173 and 1332 keV were applied on concrete specimens to assess radiation shielding properties. Nanoparticles partially replacing cement reduced slump in workability of fresh concrete. The compressive strength of mixtures, including nanoparticles was shown to be greater, achieving 94.5 MPa for the mixture consisting of 7.5 PbO2. In contrast, the mixture (5PbO₂-F) containing steel fibres achieved the highest values for splitting tensile, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity (11.71, 15.97, and 42,840 MPa, respectively). High-strength shielded concrete (7.5PbO2) showed the best radiation protection. It also showed the minimum concrete thickness required to prevent the transmission of radiation.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.337-343
• /
• 2020

In this paper, we focused on the self-healing concrete using new nano-capsules. Three types of nano-capsules with respect to availability, high strength and temperature tolerance are used; type 1 is URF and polyethylene (PE) as shell and nano titanium oxide (TiO₂) as core, type 2 is URF and PE as shell and nano silica oxide (SiO₂) as core, type 3 is PE as shell and nano silica oxide (SiO₂) as core. The concrete samples mixed by nano-capsules with three percents of 0.5, 1 and 1.5. Based on experimental tests and the compressive strength of samples, the URF-PE-SiO₂ is selected for additional tests of compressive strength before and after recovery, ultrasonic test, ion chlorine and water penetration depths. After careful investigation, it is concluded that the optimum value of URF-PE-SiO₂ nano-capsules is 0.5% since leads to higher compressive strength, ultrasonic test, ion chlorine and water penetration depths.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.423-436
• /
• 2014

Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) is widely used as an effective partial cement replacement material. GGBFS inclusion has already been proven to improve several performance characteristics of concrete. GGBFS provides enhanced durability, including high resistance to chloride penetration and protection against alkali silica reaction. In this paper results of an experimental research work on influence of low-reactivity GGBFS (which is largely available in Iran) on the properties of mortars and concretes are reported. In the first stage, influence of GGBFS replacement level and fineness on the compressive strength of mortars was investigated using Taguchi method. The analysis of mean (ANOM) statistical approach was also adopted to develop the optimal conditions. Next, based on the obtained results, concrete mixtures were designed and water penetration, capillary absorption, surface resistivity, and compressive strength tests were carried out on highstrength concrete specimens at different ages up to 90 days. The results indicated that 7-day compressive strength is adversely affected by GGBFS inclusion, while the negative effect is less evident at later ages. Also, it was inferred that use of low-reactivity GGBFS (at moderate levels such as 20% and 30%) can enhance the impermeability of high-strength concrete since 28 days age.

• 한국건축시공학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.381-392
• /
• 2023

본 연구에서는 산화 그래핀 나노플레이트릿(Oxidized graphene nanoplatelet, GO)와 유공유리분말(Hollow glass powder, HGP)를 활용한 초고강도 콘크리트의 역학특성을 검토하였으며 이를 위해 작업성, 강도(압축, 인장), 수밀성, 내부조직을 검토하였다. 그 결과 HGP 소량 투입으로 작업성능을 획기적으로 회복시킬 수 있었고 강도특성 및 수밀성도 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. cGO(C사의 GO) 와 HGP는 응집현상 없이 분산이 잘 되어 있는 것으로 확인되었고 공극량은 20% 이상 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. cGO와 HGP가 실리카 흄(Silica fume, SF)을 대체할 수 있는지에 대해서도 검토하였다. cGO와 HGP의 사용으로 SF 없이도 쉽게 작업성을 확보할 수 있었고 역학특성도 향상되는 것으로 나타났으며 신재료의 사용으로 콘크리트 제조방법의 변화가 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
• /
• 제18권5호
• /
• pp.413-418
• /
• 2018

이 기초 연구는 시멘트 페이스트의 초기강도 향상 및 열전도율 향상을 위한 흄드 실리카의 첨가에 대한 적용성 및 문제점을 평가하기 위한 것이다. 주요 변수인 흄드 실리카 는 시멘트 질량 대비 0%에서 1.6%까지 0.4% 간격으로 첨가하였다. 실험결과, 흄드 실리카의 첨가는 시멘트 페이스트의 초기강도 발현에 효율적이었는데, 재령 1일 압축강도는 28일 강도의 약 45%이었다. 이 높은 초기강도 발현율은 증기 양생 시멘트 콘크리트의 경우와 비슷한 수준이다. 하지만 흄드 실리카의 첨가가 시멘트 페이스트의 열전도 저항성 향상에 미치는 영향은 무의미 하였다.