• 지구물리
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2005

댐체 안정성 문제는 무엇보다 투수 내지 누수 과정에서 유발될 수 있는 댐체 내부 결함(예: 균열)에 귀결된다고 볼 수 있다. 이러한 댐체 내부 결함은 댐 붕괴를 조장할 수 있기 때문에 우선 적절한 탐사 기법을 이용하여 그에 대한 위치 및 규모가 파악되어야 하며 그 결과에 따라 그라우팅에 의한 보수 작업 및 그에 대한 성과 검증 작업이 철저히 이루어져야 한다. 본 연구의 조사 대상이 된 댐은 중심 코어형 흙 댐으로 댐 소단 사면에는 누수로 인한 여러 형태의 결함이 관찰되고 있어 그에 대한 진단 및 보수 보강이 필요한 상태였다. 본 연구에서는 댐체 진단 및 그라우팅 성과 판단을 위해 그라우팅 이전(2001년 8월) 및 이후(2004년 11월)에 댐 마루 측선 상에서 고분해능 탄성파 반사법 탐사를 수행하였다. 탐사 자료의 질을 향상시키기 위해 표면파를 약화시키고 P파 반사파 에너지를 증대시킬 수 있는 발생원 에너지 방사형 변조 기법(P빔발생원)도 응용되었다. 그라우팅 이전 탐사 결과(탄성파 중합단면도)에서는 댐체 내부 균열로 판단되는 강한 반사파가 일 부 구간에서 인식되었으며, 그라우팅 이후 탐사 결과에서는 상기 강한 반사파가 인식되지 않음으로써 3년의 시차를 둔 두개의 탄성파 탐사 결과는 댐체 진단 및 그라우팅 성과 판단을 위한 기본 자료로 반영될 수 있었다. 따라서 고분해능 탄성파 반사법 탐사는 댐 모니터링을 위한 하나의 바람직한 탐사 기법으로 크게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 지질공학
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.167-176
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• 1993

Digital 지진계와 고성능 지오폰을 사용해서 고해상 지진파 탐사를 수행한다. 미소단층, 파쇄대, 균열대, 공동과 같은 지하구조를 탐지하기 위해서는 탐지목표물의 수평, 수직 고해상도를 올리는 것이 중요하다. 즉 Nyquist주파수는 기록지의 최고 주파수보다 커야 하고 또한 최고파수는 Nyquist파수($1/2{\Delta}x$)를 초과해서는 안된다. 최고 주파수는 저주파 통과 필터 혹은 Anit-alias 필터를 이용해서 제거되고 최고파수는 지오폰 간격 ${\Delta}x$를 조절해서 제외시킬 수 있다. 공통 발파 거리와 Single-end Shooting 방법에 의해서 얻어진 지진기록지는 적절한 최적간격, 저주파와 고주파 통과 필터, 그리고 지오폰 간격(0.5m~2m)을 이용해서 고해상도를 얻는다. 터널 상부 지표에서 Single-end Shooting에 의해서 획득한 반사지진파 기록지는 쌍곡선형의 Fraunhofer회절이 생기는 것을 볼 수 있다. 공통발파 기록에서는 터널을 통과한 초동이 낮은 진폭으로 감쇠되었고 공동에 의한 반사파는 지연된 단순 충격 파형(Single Impulsive Wave-form)임을 보여 준다. Cherveny와 Psencik(1983)의 Ray Method에 의한 이론적 결과도 실측 결과와 유사함을 알 수 있다. 즉 터널을 통과한 지진파는 지연되었고 반사된 파도 낮은 속도때문에 지연되어서 나오나 공동과 암석의 큰 음향 임피던스(Acoustic Impedance)는 강한 단순 충격파형을 보여주었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.683-694
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• 2009

High-resolution (Chirp and Sparker system) seismic profiles were analyzed to investigate the sedimentary sequence and distribution pattern of the late Holocene deposits in Gyunggi Bay, the Yellow Sea. The bay is located in the western part of Korea, east of the Yellow Sea. The sedimentary sequence divided into three units bounded by erosional bounding surface: (1) acoustically parallel to subparallel reflectors with cross bedding structures (Unit 1); (2) confused inner reflectors and top of unit exposed partially at the seafloor (Unit 2); and (3) approximately parallel reflections and regressive to transgressive incision-fills (Unit 3). On the basis of seafloor morphology, surface bedforms, and subbotom acoustic characters, echo types in the study area were identified following the schemes of Chough et al. (2002); (1) flat seafloor with sharp bottom echoes (echo types 1-1, 1-2 and 1-3; transgressive sediment sheets or relict sands), (2) mounded seafloor with either smooth surface or superposed bedforms (echo types 2-1 and 2-2; tidal ridges), and (3) various-scale eroded seafloor (echo types 3-1 and 3-2; channels). Suspect features of acoustic turbid zones which is related to gas charged sediment are reported.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2022

초고해상 3차원 탄성파 탐사를 통하여 취득된 자료는 수백 Hz 이상의 높은 주파수 대역에 의하여 수치 모델링에 기반 한 역시간 구조보정의 계산효율성이 확보되지 않는다. 이에 본 연구에서는 초고해상 탐사자료를 활용하여 고품질의 3차원 지질구조를 효율적으로 도출할 수 있는 역시간 구조보정 프로그램을 개발하였다. 우리는 전통적인 3차원 역시간 구조보정 프로그램의 메모리 사용량 및 계산시간을 대폭 축소하기 위하여 음원 파동장의 최대 진폭만을 저장하여 영상화를 수행하는 여기진폭 기법과 연산 영역을 음원과 수신기가 위치한 최소한의 영역인 로컬 도메인으로 제한하는 기법을 적용하였다. 본 연구를 통해 개발된 프로그램은 2019년에 한국지질자원연구원에서 획득한 초고해상 3차원 탄성파 탐사 자료에 대하여 수평방향 격자 크기가 1 m인 3차원 구조보정 영상을 성공적으로 도출하였으며 지질학적인 해석이 수행되었다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.495-505
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• 2009

Bridges form crucial links in the transportation network especially in high seismic risk regions. This research aims to provide a quantitative methodology for post-earthquake performance evaluation of the bridges. The experimental portion of the research involved shake table tests of a 4-span bridge which was subjected to progressively increasing amplitudes of seismic motions recorded from the Northridge earthquake. As part of this project, a high resolution long gauge fiber optic displacement sensor was developed for post-seismic evaluation of damage in the columns of the bridge. The nonlinear finite element model was developed using Opensees program to simulate the response of the bridge and the abutments to the seismic loads. The model was modified to predict the bent displacements of the bridge commensurate with the measured bent displacements obtained from experimental analysis results. Following seismic events, the tangential stiffness matrix of the whole structure is reduced due to reduction in structural strength. The nonlinear static push over analysis using current damaged stiffness matrix provides the longitudinal and transverse ultimate capacities of the bridge. Capacity loss in the transverse and longitudinal directions following the seismic events was correlated to the maximum displacements of the deck recorded during the events.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2007년도 공동학술대회 논문집
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• pp.209-214
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• 2007

In Korean geology that crystalline rock is dominant, the properties of subsurface including the anisotropy are distributed complexly and changed abruptly. Because of such geological environments, cross-hole seismic traveltime tomography is widely used to obtain the high resolution image of the subsurface for the engineering purposes in the geotechnical sites. However, because the cross-hole tomography has a wide propagation angle coverage relatively, its data tend to include the seismic velocity anisotropy comparing with the surface seismic methods. It can cause the misinterpretation that the cross-hole seismic data including the anisotropic effects are analyzed and treated with the general processing techniques assuming the isotropy. Therefore, we need to consider the seismic anisotropy in cross-hole seismic traveltime tomography. The seismic anisotropic tomography algorithm, which is developed for evaluation of the velocity anisotropy, includes several inversion schemes in order to make the inversion process stable and robust. First of all, the set of the inversion parameters is limited to one slowness, two ratios of slowness and one direction of the anisotropy symmetric axis. The ranges of the inversion parameters are localized by the pseudo-beta transform to obtain the reasonable inversion results and the inversion constraints are controlled efficiently by ACB(Active Constraint Balancing) method. Especially, the inversion using the Fresnel volume is applied to the anisotropic tomography and it can make the anisotropic tomography more stable than ray tomography as it widens the propagation angle coverage.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제20권A호
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• pp.285-293
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• 2000

In 1970's, the analysis of shallow substructure was the interests of geological engineering and environmental problems. And seismic refraction method was applied to detect those structures. From 1980's, digital electric industry is rapidly developed and high resolution prospecting equipment is supplied. And seismic reflection method is applied to achieve various data gathering and data analysis. In this study, geophysical prospecting method is applied to calculate the basic data of limestone yield production. Seismic shallow reflection method is used to detect the depth of bedrock and electrical resistivity method is used to detect of limestone layer boundary.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the international symposium on the fusion technology
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• pp.370-378
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• 2003

Continuous seismic refraction, reflection and echo-sounder surveys conducted at Koyna Project site provided geotechnical information which helped in choosing the alignment for Head race tunnel and in designing and choosing the site for Lake Tap. Seismic refraction survey both on land and in shallow water determined depths to bedrock and helped in inferring the bedrock quality. Seismic reflection survey mapped the subsurface stratigraphy with high resolution. Reservoir-bed and bedrock contours drawn from the results of the survey helped in choosing the tunnel alignment and the lake tap position cost effectively. It was inferred from the results of the survey that the geology and the quality of rock do not change unexpectedly around the site for extension of Head race tunnel and the lake tapping. The bedrock levels evaluated by seismic survey agreed remarkably well with those inferred in boreholes having Rock Quality Designation 90 percent or more.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2007년도 특별 심포지엄 논문집
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• pp.53-62
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• 2007

Preliminary gas hydrate surveys were carried out From 2000 to 2004 in the East Sea. Research results showed the geophysical evidence of gas hydrate existence. In 2005, Gas Hydrate R&D Organization was established and 10 year gas hydrate development program was initiated. In the $1^{st}$ stage of the program from 2005 to 2007, 6,600 L-km 2-D seismic survey was conducted in the $1^{st}$ year 2005, and $400\;km^2$ 3D survey was conducted in the $2^{nd}$ year 2006. Acquired seismic data were processed and seismic section and 3D cube were produced. By geophysical interpretation and velocity analysis, prospective areas were mapped and candidate drilling sites were recommended. For the precise interpretation, velocity was analyzed using AVO method, and BSR signal was analyzed using deconvolution method. For the prospective area, OBS and high-resolution seismic surveys were conducted. This presentation shows the introduction and examples of the research results of the geophysical methods applied for the gas hydrate exploration in the East Sea.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.606-609
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• 2008

Deconvolution is one of the most used techniques for processing seismic reflection data. It is applied to improve temporal resolution by wavelet shaping and removal of short period reverberations. Several deconvolution algorithms such as predicted, spike, minimum entropy deconvolution and so on has been proposed to obtain such above purposes. Among of them, $\iota_1$ norm proposed by Taylor et al., (1979) and used to compared to minimum entropy deconvolution by Sacchi et al., (1994) has given some advantages on time computing and high efficiency. Theoritically, the deconvolution can be considered as inversion technique to invert the single seismic trace to the reflectivity, but it has not been successfully adopted due to noisy signals of the real data set and unknown source wavelet. After stacking, the seismic traces are moved to zero offset, thus each seismic traces now can be a single trace that is created by convolving the seismic source wavelet and reflectivity. In this paper, the fundamental of $\iota_1$ norm deconvolution method will be introduced. The method will be tested by synthetic data and applied to improve the stacked section of gas hydrate.