• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2002년도 금형가공 심포지엄
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• pp.253-259
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• 2002

Micro cell structures with high aspect ratio were fabricated by injection molding method. The mold inserts had dimension $1.9cm\times8.3cm$ composed of a lot of micro posts and were fabricated by LIGA process. The size of the micro posts was $157{\mu}m\times157{\mu}m\times500{\mu}m$ and the gaps between two adjacent posts were $50{\mu}m$. Using Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) injection molding was performed. The key experimental variables were temperature, pressure, and time. By controlling these, good shaped mim cell structures with $50{\mu}m$ in wall thickness and $500{\mu}m$ in depth were obtained. In order to understand micro molding mechanism, shape changes of molded PMMA were studied with experimental variables. And the durability of mold insert was investigated, too. The results show that the most important factor in molding processes was the mold temperature that is closely related to the filling of the melt into the micro cavity. And the holding time before cooling showed a great effect on the quality of molded PMMA.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.149-153
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• 2006

An ionization chamber is still widely used in many fields by virtue of its' simple operational characteristics and the possibility of its' various shapes. A parallel type of an ionization chamber for a steel sheet thickness measurement was designed and fabricated. High pure xenon gas, which was pressurized up to 6 atm, was chosen as a filling gas to increase the current response and sensitivity for a radiation. A high pressure gas system was also constructed. The active volume and the incident window size of the fabricated ionization chamber were $30\;cm^3\;and\;12\;cm^2$, respectively. Preliminary tests with a 25 mCi $^{241}Am$ gamma-ray source and evaluation tests in a standard X-ray field were performed. The optimal operation voltage was set from the results of the collection efficiency calculation by using an experimental two-voltage method. Linearity for a variation of the steel sheet thickness, which is the most important factor for an application during a steel sheet thickness measurement, was 0.989 in this study.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.5 No.1
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• pp.252-255
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• 2004

반도체는 high integrated, high speed, low power를 위하여 design 뿐만 아니라 재료 측면에서도 많은 변화를 가져오고 있으며, RC delay time을 줄이기 위하여 Al 배선보다 비저항이 낮은 Cu와 low-k material 적용이 그 대표적인 예이다. 그러나, Cu 배선의 경우 dry etching이 어려우므로, 기존의 공정으로는 그 한계를 가지므로 damascene 또는 dual damascene 공정이 소개, 적용되고 있다. Damascene 공정은 절연막에 photo와 RIE 공정을 이용하여 trench를 형성시킨 후 electrochemical plating 공정을 이용하여 trench에 Cu를 filling 시킨다. 이후 CMP 공정을 이용하여 절연막 위의 Cu와 barrier material을 제거함으로서 Cu 배선을 형성하게 된다. Dual damascene 공정은 trench와 via를 동시에 형성시키는 기술로 현재 대부분의 Cu 배선 공정에 적용되고 있다. Cu CMP는 기존의 metal CMP와 마찬가지로 oxidizer를 이용한 Cu film의 화학반응과 연마 입자의 기계가공이 기본 메커니즘이다. Cu CMP에서 backside pressure 영향이 uniformity에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았으며, electrochemical plating 공정에서 발생하는 hump가 CMP 결과에 미치는 영향과 dishing 결과를 통하여 그 영향을 평가하였다.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.390-395
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• 2016

GDI fuel rail is component of GDI system which directly fuel with high pressure in the engine combustion chamber. And it is required to high strength and dimensional accuracy. Multi roll-die drawing process consists of the idle roll-die and drawing die in tandem. In the course of drawing with roll-die, deformation takes place between the idle roller pair or pairs. The friction force decreases with the idle roll-die, enabling the reductions to be risen in one step. In this study, the caliber of 4-roll was designed into pass schedule that made the draw force at the exit of the drawing die be equal. In order to compensate for over-filling area, the roll caliber was modified using the result of FE-analysis. The results of FE-analysis and experiment show that the proposed design method can be used to effectively design the multi roll-die process, leading to an accurate shape and correct dimensions of the final within an allowable tolerance of ${\pm}0.08mm$. Furthermore, the productivity was evaluated by comparing with multi roll-die drawing process and conventional multi shape drawing process. The result was confirmed that it has an efficiency of about 2 times than conventional process in terms of time.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.104-111
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• 2011

An ultrafine grained Mg-9Al-1Zn magnesium alloy with the mean grain size less than $1{\mu}m$ was produced by using high-ratio differential speed rolling. The processed alloy exhibited excellent superplasticity at relatively low temperatures. The micro-forming tests were carried out using a micro-forging apparatus with micro V-grooved shaped dies made of silicon and the micro-formability was evaluated by means of micro-formability index, $R_f$ ($=A_f/A_g$, $A_f$: formed and inflowed area into the V-groove, $A_g$: area of the V-groove). The $R_f$ value increased with temperature up to $280^{\circ}C$ and then decreased beyond $300^{\circ}C$. The decrease of the $R_f$ value at $300^{\circ}C$ was attributed to the accelerated grain coarsening. Increasing the micro-forging pressure increased the $R_f$ values. At a given die geometry, die filling ability decreased as the die position moved away from the die center to the end. FEM simulation predicted this behavior and a method of improving this problem was proposed.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2001

There are many methods to produce metal foams, which can be classified into three groups according to the state of the starting metal i.e. liquid or powder or solid. Three types of defects such as cell closing, cell deformation or breakdown and cell misrun are thought to be occurred when we make the open cell aluminum foams by precision casting. Filling ability of the mold slurry between preform is related with cell closing, mold collapsibility is related with cell deformation or breakdown, mold temperature and pouring pressure are related with cell misrun. These factors can be evaluated by measuring slurry fluidity, burnout strength and permeability of the mold. Properties of the plaster mold were evaluated to find optimum mold conditions for high quality open cell aluminum foam in this study. Permeability was almost zero independent of burnout conditions, however, crack initiation was found on the surface of all specimens one or two minutes after taking out from the furnace. Crack has grown and disappeared with time. This crack may facilitate the mold filling when molten metal is poured, because of the improved mold permeability. It was considered that crack initiation and disappearance was closely related with temperature difference between the surface and inner part. Knocking-out the mold is a difficult problem due to the small cell size, because continuous mesh structure of the metal foam is not strong. It is not easy to remove molding material after pouring. We can expect that water quenching can facilitate the knocking-out the mold after solidification without damaging cell structures. Collapsed particles after water quenching became bigger with the increase in time.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 Mg합금의 반응고성형 공정기술을 개발하기 위하여 여러 가지 전단속도와 냉각속도에 따른 Mg합금의 점도와 딕소트러픽 거동을 분석하였으며, 이를 전산모사연구와 비교 검토하였다. 전산모사연구에서는 미세조직과 공정변수를 고려한 반응고 슬러리의 유변학적 거동을 분석하였다. 반응고 온도영역에서의 Mg합금(AZ91D) 슬러리의 점도는 고상율에 따라 지수함수적으로 증가하였으며, 전단속도가 증가하면 감소하는 경향을 나타났다. Mg합금 슬러리의 유변학적 거동을 정확하게 분석하기 위하여 Carreau 모델을 사용하여 ANYCAST 프로그램에서 고압다이캐스팅용 금형으로의 Mg합금 반응고 슬러리의 충진거동을 모사하였다. 전산모사된 결과는 동일한 조건에서의 실제 실험결과와 잘 일치하였다.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2021

Injection molding is a manufacturing method of melting the polymer resin and injecting it into a mold to molding it into the desired form. Due to the short molding time and outstanding formability, complex products can be shaped with high precision and it is the most widely used polymer molding method. However, there may be areas that are not filled depending on the location of the injection gate where polymer resin is injected. Formability is determined by deformation and surface precision due to the impact of residual stress after molding. Hence, choosing the location of the injection gate is very important and molding analysis of injection molding is essential to reduce the cost of the mold. This study evaluated the injection formability based on the location of the injection gate of the vertical machining center ATC tool port using injection molding analysis and the results were compared and analyzed. Injection molding analysis was conducted on filling, packing, and deformation according to the location of the gate of the ATC tool port. From each injection gate location, filling time, pressure, and maximum deformation were compared. At gate 2, conditions of molding time and the location of the gate were far superior in production and quality. Gate 2 produced the smallest deformation of 0.779mm with the best quality.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.599-615
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• 2022

한강과 같은 하저지반을 안전하게 굴착하기 위해서는 고수압 막장면에 대응할 수 있는 이수식 쉴드 TBM 공법을 적용한다. 이수식 쉴드 TBM 공법은 지하철 프로젝트에 널리 활용되어 왔는데 도심지 지하철 공사는 지하에서 연결되기 때문에 굴착토를 대부분 전량 사토해왔으며 필터케이크(벤토나이트)도 폐기물처리를 했다. 이와 달리 도로공사는 절성토의 최적화를 위해 굴착되어 나온 토석을 외부로 반출하는 것이 아니고 대부분 성토재로 활용하는 특징이 있어 굴착토의 활용방안이 프로젝트 성공의 중요한 요소가 된다. 이수식 쉴드 TBM 공법에서 굴착토는 이수재로 사용하는 벤토나이트와 굴착된 토사, 풍화암, 연경암 등이 섞여서 배니관을 통해 이수처리플랜트로 운송되면 이수처리플랜트에서 처리과정을 거쳐 크기별로 분리 배출된다. 이러한 굴착토 중 세립질의 토사는 필터케이크와 함께 폐기되어 왔으나 그 성분에 독성이 없고 조립토와 적정 비율로 혼합하여 사용하면 성토재의 품질기준을 만족할 수 있어 그 활용방안에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구는 이수식 쉴드 TBM 공법의 굴착토의 활용에 있어 제도적·기술적 기준을 고찰하여 필터케이크와 골재를 도로공사의 성토재로 활용하는 방안을 도출하였다. 벤토나이트는 몬모릴로나이트로 구성된 점토이며 터널 원지반의 굴착토 또한 독성이 없는 상태로 이를 폐기물 처리하는 것은 사회적 비용이 낭비될 수 있기에 오히려 귀중한 자원으로 재활용하여 향후 이수식 쉴드 TBM 프로젝트를 수행하는 지하공간 개발사업에 도움이 되고자 기대한다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.377-384
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• 2011

연구목적: 본 연구의 목적은 열연화주입형 gutta percha와 resilon의 온도 변화에 따른 점탄성 변화를 관찰하고 조작성을 비교하기 위함이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: Obtura-II 시스템을 이용하여 세 종류의 gutta percha와 resilon을 $140^{\circ}C$와 $200^{\circ}C$로 가열한 후 사출 온도를 측정하였다. 점도계를 이용하여 온도 변화에 따른 재료들의 점탄성 특성(전단탄성계수, G'; 전단점성계수, G"; 손실 탄젠트, tan${\delta}$; 복소점도, ${\eta}^*$)을 관찰하였다. 점도계와 차동주사열측정기(DSC)로 재료들의 상전이 온도를 측정하였고 가압법으로 $60^{\circ}C$와 $40^{\circ}C$에서 재료들의 점조도를 비교하였다. 결과: 세 종의 gutta perchas는 온도에 따라 서로 다른 점탄성 특성을 나타냈다. $40-50^{\circ}C$에서 연화된 재료의 고체화 상변이가 일어났고, 점도계와 DSC로 측정된 상변이 시작 온도는 유사하였다. 상변이 시작 온도와 가압 시 점조도는 재료들마다 차이를 보였다(p < 0.05). Resilon은 gutta percha와 비슷한 유변학적 특성을 보였다. 결론: 열연화된 근관충전재는 냉각과정 동안 유변학적 특성의 변화를 나타냈고 재료들마다 서로 다른 점탄성 특성은 근관 내주입 시와 충전 시 서로 다른 조작성을 보임을 알 수 있다.