• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.580-588
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• 2019

Background: Ginsenoside Rg1 has been shown to clear senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-${\beta}$-gal) in cultured cells. It remains unknown whether Rg1 can influence SA-${\beta}$-gal in exercising human skeletal muscle. Methods: To examine SA-${\beta}$-gal change, 12 young men (age $21{\pm}0.2years$) were enrolled in a randomized double-blind placebo controlled crossover study, under two occasions: placebo (PLA) and Rg1 (5 mg) supplementations 1 h prior to a high-intensity cycling (70% $VO_{2max}$). Muscle samples were collected by multiple biopsies before and after cycling exercise (0 h and 3 h). To avoid potential effect of muscle biopsy on performance assessment, cycling time to exhaustion test (80% $VO_{2max}$) was conducted on another 12 participants (age $23{\pm}0.5years$) with the same experimental design. Results: No changes of SA-${\beta}$-gal were observed after cycling in the PLA trial. On the contrary, nine of the 12 participants showed complete elimination of SA-${\beta}$-gal in exercised muscle after cycling in the Rg1 trial (p < 0.05). Increases in apoptotic DNA fragmentation (PLA: +87% vs. Rg1: +133%, p < 0.05) and $CD68^+$ (PLA:+78% vs. Rg1:+121%, p = 0.17) occurred immediately after cycling in both trials. During the 3-h recovery, reverses in apoptotic nuclei content (PLA:+5% vs. Rg1 -32%, p < 0.01) and increases in inducible nitrate oxide synthase and interleukin 6 mRNA levels of exercised muscle were observed only in the Rg1 trial (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Rg1 supplementation effectively eliminates senescent cells in exercising human skeletal muscle and improves high-intensity endurance performance.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.42-55
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• 2021

[Purpose] This study investigated the effects of marine phytoplankton supplementation (Oceanix®, Tetraselmis chuii) on 1) maximal isometric strength and immune function in healthy humans following a oneweek high-intensity resistance-training program and 2) the proinflammatory cytokine response to exercise in a rat model. [Methods] In the human trial, 22 healthy male and female participants were randomly divided into marine phytoplankton and placebo groups. Following baseline testing, participants underwent a 14-day supplement loading phase before completing five consecutive days of intense resistance training. In the rat model, rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=7 per condition): (i) control, (ii) exercise, (iii) exercise + marine phytoplankton (2.55 mg/kg/day), or (iv) exercise + marine phytoplankton (5.1 mg/kg/day). Rats in the exercising groups performed treadmill exercise 5 days per week for 6 weeks. [Results] In the human model, marine phytoplankton prevented significant declines in the isometric peak rate of force development compared to placebo. Additionally, salivary immunoglobulin A concentration was significantly lower following the resistance training protocol in the placebo group but not in the marine phytoplankton group. Marine phytoplankton in exercising rats decreased intramuscular levels and serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and intramuscular concentrations of malondialdehyde. [Conclusion] Marine phytoplankton prevented decrements in indices of functional exercise recovery and immune function. Mechanistically, these outcomes could be prompted by modulating the oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine response to exercise.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.219-229
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• 2019

This study was carried out to verify the accuracy of fitness tracking devices in monitoring heart rate and energy consumption and to contribute to the development of a forest exercise program that can recommend the intensity and amount of forest exercises based on personal health-related data and provide monitoring and feedback on forest exercises. Among several commercially available wearable devices, Fitbit was selected for the research, as it provides Open API and data collected by Fitbit can be utilized by third parties to develop programs. Fitbit provides users with various information collected during forest exercises including exercise time and distance, heart rate, energy consumption, as well as the altitude and slope of forests collected by GPS. However, in order to verify the usability of the heart rate and energy consumption data collected by Fitbit in forest, the accuracy of heart rate and energy consumption were verified by comparing the data collected by Fitbit and reference. In this study, 13 middle-aged women were participated, and it was found that the heart rate measured by Fitbit showed a very low error rate and high correlation with that measured by the reference. The energy consumption measured by Fitbit was not significantly different from that measured in the reference, but the error rate was slightly higher. However, there was high correlation between the results measured by Fibit and the reference, therefore, it can be concluded that Fitbit can be utilized in developing actual forest exercise programs.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.177-185
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of combined exercise on body composition, health-related fitness and blood lipid. Subjects was ten middle-aged man. The combined exercise program consisted of performed for 60min in a bout, 4 times a week at the intensity of heart rate max$(50\sim75%)$ for 12 weeks. and the change of %fat, learn body mass, body mass index, back strength, sit-up, sit and reach total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride and high density lipoprotein cholesterol have been measured before and post exercise 12 weeks. Paired t-test was performed for data analysis at the 0.05 level of significance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.48-52
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• 2019

Background and Objectives : Functional aphonia is characterized by incomplete closure of the vocal folds. Semi-occluded vocal tract exercise (SOVTE) allows smoothly vocal folds collision without damage to the vocal folds tissues to produce normal vocal intensity. The purpose of this study is to report the effect of SOVTE in patients with functional aphonia. Materials and Method : Seven patients diagnosed with functional aphonia were treated with 1-3 voice therapy sessions using voiced lip-trill, humming, Lax Vox in SOVTE. To assess the effectiveness of semi-occluded vocal tract exercise, cepstral analysis and auditory perceptual assessment were performed before and after voice therapy. Results : F0 (fundamental frequency), CPP (cepstral peak prominence) and L/H ratio (low/high spectral ratio) were significantly increased, while CPP Standard deviation, L/H ratio Standard deviation were decreased. In addition, 'Grade', 'Breathiness' and 'Asthenia' were significantly decreased in the GRBAS scale after SOVTE (p<0.05). Conclusion : In our study, SOVTE seemed to be effective to elicit voice quickly and promote vocal folds vibration without muscular effort in patients with functional aphonia.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.355-362
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• 2023

Physical exercise, especially intense exercise and high intensity interval training (HIIT) by trampoline, can lead to muscle injuries. These effects can be reduced with intelligent products made of nanocomposite materials. Most of these nanocomposites are polymers reinforced with silicon dioxide, alumina, and titanium dioxide nanoparticles. This study presents a polymer nanocomposite reinforced with silica. As a result of the rapid reaction between tetraethyl orthosilicate and ammonia in the presence of citric acid and other agents, silica nanostructures were synthesized. By substituting bis (4-amino phenoxy) phenyl-triptycene in N, N-dimethylformamide with potassium carbonate, followed by catalytic reduction with hydrazine and Pd/C, the diamine monomer bis (4-amino phenoxy) phenyl-triptycene is prepared. We synthesized a new polyaromatic (imide) with triptycene unit by sol-gel method from aromatic diamines and dianhydride using pyridine as a condensation reagent in NMP. PI readily dissolves in solvents and forms robust and tough polymer films in situ. The FTIR and NMR techniques were used to determine the effects of SiO₂ on the sol-gel process and the structure of the synthesized nanocomposites. By using a simultaneous thermal analysis (DTA-TG) method, the appropriate thermal operation temperature was also determined. Through SEM analysis, the structure, shape, size, and specific surface area of pores were determined. Analysis of XRD results is used to determine how SiO₂ affects the crystallization of phases and the activation energy of crystallization.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1646-1658
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• 2020

In order to investigate the changes in growth hormone, testosterone, blood lactate, double product, and pain, this study conducted intensive weight training and circuit weight training with 60% intensity of 1RM for 7 men who had more than 6 months of resistance exercise and then performed Underwater Walking and Underwater Sitting with underwater recovery. Growth hormone was high in all exercise forms and recovery methods in order of after exercise, after recovery, and after stability, and testosterone was high in order of after exercise, after recovery, and stability. Blood lactate was higher in all exercise forms and recovery methods in order of after exercise, after recovery, and after stabilization, and dynamic recovery after concentration resistance exercise was lower than static recovery. Double product was higher in all types of exercise and recovery methods in order of after-exercise, after-recovery, and stability. Muscle pain decreased in the order of exercise, recovery, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours in all exercise forms and recovery methods. In the water environment, dynamic recovery is considered to be more effective in improving muscle fatigue than static recovery.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.995-1007
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 12-week elastic band exercise on body composition, blood lipids and AMPK in 24 elderly female volunteers aged 65-75 years, and they were divided into the combined exercise group(n=12) and the control group(n=12). The elastic band exercise method was to do exercise 3 times a week for 60 minutes per session, 1-4 weeks for low intensity of OMNI-RES 3-4, 5-8 weeks for medium intensity of OMNI-RES 5-6, 9-12 weeks for OMNI-RES 7-8 of high intensity. In order to compare the differences in the groups before and after the elastic band exercise, two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to verify the interaction between group and time. The difference in the groups of the measured data was paired t-test, the difference between the groups was paired independent t-test, and analysis of covariance ANCOVA was performed to minimize the inter-group error. The statistical significance level of each item was set to .05. As a result, body fat percentage of exercise group significantly decreased (p<.05), and skeletal muscle volume was significantly increased (p<.01). TC, TG and LDL-C were not significantly different between the exercise and control groups, and HDL-C was significantly decreased in the control group (p<.05). AMPK was significantly decreased in the exercise group (p<.001), but there was no significant difference in the control group. According to the covariance analysis to minimize the error of difference between the pre-exercise groups (p<.05), there was significant difference in AMPK of groups after exercise. These results suggest that the 12-week elastic band exercise has a positive effect on the body composition and AMPK of the elderly women.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.492-501
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the most effective weight training (WT) intensity for the improvement of metabolic syndrome factors in overweight high school students. Sixty overweight high school students were randomly divided into 4 groups (15 subjects/group) according to WT intensity: A group - control group, B group - 40-55% repetition maximum (RM) group, C group - 60-75% RM group, and D group - 80-90% RM group. They exercised between 60-70 minutes a day, three times a week, for eight weeks. In order to determine the most effective WT intensity, five metabolic syndrome factors--waist size, fasting glucose, triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and blood pressure--were measured for each subject prior to and after the experiment. Waist size decreased in all exercise groups, but the results were more prominent in the 40-55% RM and 60-75% RM groups. TG levels also decreased in all groups but results were more prominent in the 40-55% RM group. HDL-C levels in the 80-90% RM group were significantly higher than the control group. Groups did not show any significant difference in the diastolic blood pressure, but the 40-55% RM group's systolic blood pressure significantly decreased compared to other groups. Groups did not show significant difference in the fasting glucose level. These results indicate that lower-intensity weight training is generally more effective than the higher-intensity weight training in improving metabolic syndrome factors in overweight high school students and that the most effective WT intensity is 40-55% RM.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.271-276
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• 2009

The Purpose of this study was to examine the effects of boxing aerobic training on resting heart rate variability (HRV) in females. The subjects for this study were performed 16 female college students that aged 19-23. The subjects were divided into two groups; boxing aerobic exercise group (9 students) and control group (7 students). Boxing aerobic training program was performed three times a week for twelve weeks with $VO_{2max}$ 60-80% exercise intensity. The results of this study were following; 1. Mean HRT (mean heart rate) had no signigicant difference among the groups and exercise time. 2. SDNN (standard deviation of the normal to normal interval) had no significant difference among the group and exercise time. 3. RMS-SD (square root of the mean squared differences of successive normal to normal interval) had no significant difference among the groups and exercise time. 4. TP (total power) had no significant difference among the groups and exercise time. 5. LF (low frequency) had no significant difference among the groups and exercise time. 6. HF (high frequency) had no significant difference among the groups and exercise time. 7. LF/HF (low frequence/high frequency ratio) had no significant difference among the groups and exercise time. 8. VLF (very low frequency) had no significant difference among the groups and exercise time.