• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제43회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.235-235
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• 2012

We investigated the energy levels of valence region at the planar junction of poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and C61-butyric acid methylester (PCBM) using ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) with ultra high vacuum. These are the most widely used materials for bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells due to their high efficiency. In order to make the planar junction, we carried out the electrospray vacuum deposition (EVD) of PCBM onto spin-coated P3HT in high vacuum conditions (${\sim}10^{-5}-10^{-6}$). The planar junction interface exhibited 0.71 eV for the offset between P3HT HOMO and PCBM LUMO, which is different from the gap (0.85 eV) of individual values and is closer to the open circuit voltage of solar cells fabricated with the same material combination.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.582-587
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• 2012

Recently, the low-emissivity glass has been used to reduce the energy loss through building windows. However, it simply reduces the inflow of solar rays and has a relatively high heat transmission coefficient. To solve the problems, a high-efficiency vacuum glazing has been under development but it has not been actively used due to its high price and insufficient performance. In this paper, the effects of internal pressure, pillar (spacer) height, pillar diameter, pillar interval, emissivity etc. on the performance of vacuum glazing have been analyzed with three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics and structural analysis. As a result, the performance of vacuum glazing was predicted more accurately and major factors that determine the performance of vacuum glazing were optimized.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2013

Vacuum heat treatment(indirect heating method) has long exposure time at high temperature and low quenching rate. Contrarily salt bath heat treatment (direct heating method) has short exposure time at high temperature and fast cooling rate. With these different features of processes, mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength and impact strength of products show very different results. In this study, Salt bath heat treated products showed higher tensile strength and impact strength than vacuum heat treated products but hardness was not much different. These lower mechanical properties of vacuum heat treated products are due to differences in heat process and secondary hardening with high temperature tempering process. Consequently, It indicates that salt bath heat treatment is better way than vacuum heat treatment for product to have high mechanical properties.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2002

위성체가 작동하는 우주환경인 고진공상태에서는 위성체의 부품에서 발생 할 수 있는 outgassing으로 인해 위성체가 오염되어 위성체의 성능이 저하될 수 있으며, 특히 이차면경(second surface mirror) 및 광학렌즈 등을 오염시킴으로써 위성체 본연의 임무수행 실패라는 결과를 초래할 수도 있다. 따라서 지상에서 위성체의 부품에 대해 고온($85^{\circ}C$ 이상)과 고진공($5.0\times10^{-3}$ Pa 이하)의 상태를 모사하여 오염물질을 제거함으로써 outgassing의 발생을 막고, 아울러 오염근원을 검출할 수 있는 vacuum bake-out 시험이 필수적이라 할 수 있다. 이를 위해서 한국항공우주연구원 우주시험동에 설치된 bake-out 챔버를 이용하여 위성체 부품 중에서 SAR(Solar Array Regulator)와 MLI(Multi Layer Insulator)를 예를 들어 오염측정에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 항공우주연구원의 bake-out 챔버는 rotary vacuum pump와 booster pump를 이용하여 5.0 Pa의 저진공을 형성하고, 2대의 cryopump를 이용하여$5.0\times10^{-3}$ Pa 이하의 고진공을 생성하게 된다. 또한 $180^{\circ}C$까지의 고온을 모사하기 위하여 챔버 shroud 안쪽에 ceramic 재질로 된 heater가 $30^{\circ}$간격으로 총 48개를 설치되어 있으며, 온도제어는 PID(Proportional Integral Differential) 제어 방식이 이용되었다. Vacuum bake-out 시험시에는 RGA(Residual Gas Analyzer)를 이용하여 각종 오염물질을 검출할 수 있고, TQCM(Thermoelectric Quartz Crystal Microbalance)을 사용하여 발생하는 오염물질의 방출률(outgassing rate)을 측정한다. 또한 필요시에는 IR/UV Spectrometer를 이용하여 witness plate에 흡착된 오염물질의 성분을 분석하여 위성체 부품으로의 적합성을 판단한다. SAR의 bake-out에서는 TQCM 측정결과 오염물질이 시간에 따라 감소추이는 보이지만 꾸준히 배출되고 있는 경향을 나타내고, RGA 분석결과 그 성분이 고분자 화합물로 추정되어 위성체 부품으로 사용하기에는 적절하지 못할 것으로 판단하였다. MLI의 bake-out에서는 RGA 및 witness plate를 이용한 오염측정 결과 특이한 오염물질을 발견할 수 없었다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.912-915
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• 2004

A vacuum environment is very important for NGL(Next Generation Lithography) apparatuses such as EUVL(Extreme Ultra Violet Lithography) or EPL(Electron Projection Lithography) and so on. The performance of these systems is dominated by vacuum level of processing and positioning accuracy of a stage. So, ultra-precision stage usable in a high vacuum level is needed for the improved performance of these devices. In contrast to atmospheric condition, a special attention must be paid to guide bearing, actuator and other elements. In this paper, air bearing is adopted because of its very high motional accuracy. So, air bearing is designed to be vacuum compatible using differential exhaust method, which prevents air from entering into vacuum chamber. For this, leakage analysis is performed theoretically and verified from experiment.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
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• pp.2500-2505
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• 2007

The vacuum interrupter (VI) is used for medium-voltage switching circuits due to its abilities and advantages as a compact and environmental friendly circuit breaker. In general, the application of a sufficiently strong axial magnetic field (AMF) permits the arc to be maintained in a diffused mode to a high-current vacuum arc. A full understanding of the vacuum arc physics is very important since it can aid to improve the performance of vacuum interrupter. In order to closely examine the vacuum arc phenomena, it is necessary to predict the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) characteristics by the multidisciplinary numerical modeling, which is coupled with the electromagnetic and hydrodynamic fields, simultaneously. In this study, we have investigated the electromagnetic behaviors of high-current vacuum arcs for two different types of AMF contacts, which are coil-type and cup-type, using a commercial finite element analysis (FEA) package, ANSYS. The present results are compared with those of MAXWELL 3D, a reliable electromagnetic analysis software, for verification.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2001년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.817-820
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• 2001

This machine is a high-vacuum exhaust sealing device which makes the inside of PDP element in high vacuum state, blows inactive gases into it and finally seals it. This machine consists of vacuuming parts, heating parts and exhausting parts. Applying the energy saving technology, this machine improves the temperature uniformity of vacuuming and heating parts.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2016

Purpose: The vacuum glazing should constantly retain the gap in vacuum state to maintain high thermal performance. To do so, pillars are used to prevent the glazing from clinging to each other by the atmospheric pressure and therefore surface of the vacuum glazing is consistently affected by residual stress. The vacuum glazing could be applied to curtain wall systems at spandrel area to fulfill a rigorous domestic standard on U-value of the external wall. However, this can lead to high glazing temperature increase by heat concentration at a back panel and finally thermal stress breakage. This study experimentally determined weakness of the vacuum glazing systems on the thermal stress breakage and investigated effect of the residual stress. Method: The experiment first built two scale-down mock-up facilities that replicate the spandrel area in curtain wall, and then installed single low-e glass and vacuum glazing respectively. The two mock-up facilities were exposed to outside to induce the thermal stress breakage. Result: The experiment showed that the temperature occurred the thermal stress breakage was $114.4^{\circ}C$ for the single low-e glass and $118.9^{\circ}C$ for the vacuum glazing respectively. The result also showed the vacuum glazing reached the critical point earlier than the single low-e glass, which means that the vacuum glazing has high potential to occur the thermal shock breakage. In addition, the small temperature difference between two glazing indicates that the residual stress scarcely affects breakage of the vacuum glazing.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 1994년도 제6회 학술발표회 논문개요집
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• pp.23-23
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• 1994

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 1997년도 제13회 학술발표회 논문개요집
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• pp.95-95
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• 1997