• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.35-47
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of Chinese high and level vs. rising tone on the pitch pattern of corresponding Sino-Korean words delivered by Chinese learners of Korean and to examine the aspects how these two tones of corresponding Chinese words affect the pitch patterns of Sino-Korean words. Scope of this research is limited to the Chinese learners of Korean, especially when they pronounce same-form-same-meaning Sino-Korean words. In this study, Chinese learners pronounced both Chinese words and corresponding Sino-Korean words. By using the software learners' pitch pattern were recorded, analyzed, and compared with the tone of corresponding Chinese words. Experimental results showed that Sino-Korean words were affected by Chinese 'high and level tone - high and level tone', 'high and level tone - rising tone', 'high and level tone - falling-rising tone', 'high and level tone - falling tone' and 'rising tone - falling tone' when they started with lenis sounds. On the other hand when Sino-Korean words started with aspirated sounds they were affected by Chinese 'rising tone - high and level tone', 'rising tone - rising tone', 'rising tone - falling-rising tone', 'rising tone - falling tone'. In conclusion, the Chinese learners' pitch patterns of Sino-Korean words are affected by both Chinese high and level & rising tone, especially when Sino-Korean words started with lenis sounds they were more affected by Chinese high and level tone, on the other hand Chinese rising tone influence Sino-Korean words more when they were started with aspirated sounds.

• 음성과학
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.37-54
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• 2004

The main goal of this study is to examine the current issue of the deletion of high tone vs. the downstep or upstep of high tone in North Kyungsang Korean (NKK). In this phonetic experiment, five native speakers of North Kyungsang Korean participated and two categories, such as compounds and two-word phrases were included as a test material. This experiment shows that when the first word belongs to the nonfinal class, the high tone of the second word is overwhelmingly deleted. When the first word belongs to the final class, the high tone of it is also overwhelmingly deleted. It is thus concluded that when two words are combined into a phrase, the peak of one word retains, whereas the peak of the other is deleted. It is confirmed that a single high tone prominence in a phonological phrase in NKK is not due to the processes of down step or upstep but the deletion process.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제25권1E호
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• pp.32-35
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• 2006

The screech tone of underexpanded jet is numerically calculated without any specific modeling for the screech tone itself. Fourth-order optimized compact scheme and fourth-order Runge-Kutta method are used to solve the 2D axisymmetric Euler equation. Adaptive nonlinear artificial dissipation model and generalized characteristic boundary condition are also used. The screech tone, generated by a closed loop between instability waves and quasi-periodic shock cells at the near field, is reasonably analyzed with present numerical methods for the underexpanded jet having Mach number 1.13. First of all, the centerline mean pressure distribution is calculated and compared with experimental and other numerical results. The instantaneous density contour plot shows Mach waves due to mixing layer convecting supersonically, which propagate downstream. The pressure signal and its Fourier transform at upstream and downstream shows the directivity pattern of screech tone very clearly. Most of all, we can simulate the axisymmetric mode change of screech tone very precisely with present method. It can be concluded that the basic phenomenon of screech tone including the frequency can be calculated by using high-order and high-resolution schemes without any specific numerical modeling for screech tone feedback loop.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to find the influence of Chinese falling-rising tone on the pitch pattern of corresponding Sino-Korean words delivered by Chinese learners of Korean and to examine how the falling-rising tone of corresponding Chinese words affect the pitch patterns of Sino-Korean words. The scope of this research is limited to Chinese learners of Korean, especially when they pronounce same-form-same-meaning Sino-Korean words. In this study, Chinese learners pronounced both Chinese words and corresponding Sino-Korean words. Learners' pitch patterns were recorded and analyzed using software and compared with the tone of corresponding Chinese words. Experimental results showed that Sino-Korean words were affected by Chinese 'falling-rising tone - high and level tone' when they started with lenis sounds. On the other hand, when Sino-Korean words started with aspirated sounds they were affected by Chinese 'falling-rising tone - high and level tone', 'falling-rising tone - falling-rising tone', and 'falling-rising tone - falling tone'. In conclusion, the Chinese learners' pitch patterns of Sino-Korean words are affected by Chinese falling-rising tone, especially when Sino-Korean words start with aspirated sounds.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2007년도 추계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.56-59
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• 2007

The screech tone of an underexpanded jet is numerically calculated without any specific modeling for the screech tone itself. A fourth-order optimized compact scheme and fourth-order Runge-Kutta method are used to solve the 2D axisymmetric Euler equation. The Fourier transform of pressure signal at upstream shows the directivity pattern of the screech tone very clearly. Pressure signal is shown to observe the generation of the screech tone. Most importantly, we can simulate the axisymmetric mode change of the screech tone very precisely with the proposed method. It can be concluded that the basic phenomenon of the screech tone including its frequency can be calculated and its mode change can be simulated with inviscid Euler equations.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2008년도 International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.741-744
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• 2008

In this paper, tone mapping method by local contrast and detail enhancement for High Dynamic Range (HDR) is proposed. By applying Piecewise Dynamic Range Histogram Adjustment (PDRHA) and Detail Enhancement Volume (DEV) with decomposed layers, tone mapping is performed effectively. The experimental results show that the proposed method preserves local contrast and overall impression with naturalness of original images.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.137-140
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• 2021

High dynamic range (HDR) technology has been drawing attention in the field of imaging and consumer entertainment. As tools for capturing and creating HDR contents, encoding, and transmission evolve to support HDR formats, various display capabilities are being developed and increased. Hence, there is need for remapping native HDR imagery for display on lower quality legacy standard dynamic range (SDR) displays. This operation is referred to as tone mapping. In this paper, we present a sectional tone mapping method by Lenzen, and expand upon a tone mapping approach to improve temporal stability while maintaining picture quality. Compared to the existing block-based sectional tone mapping, our method uses the edge awareness-based tone mapping. We estimate the performance of the objective metric on temporal flickering. The experimental result shows that the algorithm maintains a smoother relationship between the output luminance values, and this reveals success in reducing halos and improving temporal stability with adopted edge aware filtering.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.182-186
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• 2021

Tone mapping operator is designed to reproduce visibility of real-world scenes such as HDR images on limited dynamic range display devices. This paper presents and implements compare and to estimate some tone mapping algorithms commonly used. The evaluation is performed by applying tone mapping operators on 7 HDR images, and by presenting the results with subjective estimation. Reinhard tone mapping algorithm is the best in the visual experimental results. The goal of this work is to discuss what is visible of high dynamic range on a normal display device and to determine to which better algorithm is. This work motivates us to make more progress through the new proposal of tone mapping operator on future work.

• 음성과학
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.111-128
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• 2004

In English, a focused word with new information receives a pitch accent. This paper examines how English native speakers and Korean speakers produce and perceive focus in English yes-no questions. The production experiments show that native speakers realize an appropriate intonation of yes-no questions, in which a focused word has a low pitch accent followed by a high phrasal accent and a high boundary tone. However, Korean speakers usually give a high tone to a focused word. In a like manner, the perception experiments show that English native speakers judge a word with a low tone to be focused, while Korean speakers have difficulty in comprehending a focused word realized as a low tone. And it is found that Korean speakers tend to perceive low tones on sentence initial and final focused words better than those on sentence medial focused words, and they often perceive a word with a relatively high fundamental frequency or a sharp rise of fundamental frequency as a focused word. This paper shows that Korean speakers have trouble to produce and perceive an appropriate tonal pattern of a focused yes-no question, and that can cause confusion in a conversation with native speakers.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제38A권11호
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• pp.919-927
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 HDR (high dynamic range) 영상 렌더링을 위한 히스토그램 변형 기법을 이용한 인지기반 톤 맵핑(tone mapping) 기법을 제안한다. HDR 톤 맵핑 알고리듬은 넓은 동적 영역을 갖는 영상을 LDR (low dynamic range) 영상 장치에 표현하기 위해 사용된다. 인간의 시각특성을 이용한 톤 맵핑 알고리듬은 상당히 효과적이지만 고정된 형태의 맵핑 함수를 사용하기 때문에 모든 영상에서 동일한 성능을 얻지 못한다. 제안하는 방법은 인지기반 톤 맵핑 함수와 히스토그램 변형기법을 적용하여 HDR 영상의 동적 영역을 압축한다. 인지기반 톤 맵핑 함수를 이용해서 원 영상의 히스토그램을 제한하고 보상과정을 통해서 적응적인 톤 맵핑 함수를 얻을 수 있다. 이는 화소값에 따라 서로 다른 제약조건들을 사용함으로써 contrast를 향상시킬 뿐만 아니라 원 영상의 디테일도 보존한다. 또한, 히스토그램 변형기법을 사용함으로써 과도한 히스토그램 평활화로 인한 왜곡을 개선할 수 있고, 더욱이 제어파라미터를 이용하여 영상의 contrast를 조정할 수 있다. 시뮬레이션 및 실험을 통해 주관적 및 객관적 성능을 비교하고 기존 방법에 비해 제안한 방법이 우수함을 입증한다.