• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 1996

The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship of hopelessness and suicidal lethality of suicide attempters. The subjects were 72 persons who attempted suicide and came to the emergency room of Chungbuk National University Hospital from April 1st, 1995 to March 31st, 1996. The hopelessness of suicide attempter was assessed by Beck Hopelessness Scale(BHS), and the suicidal lethality was assessed by Risk-Rescue score. The Risk-Rescue Scores exhibited no significant differences in demographic characteristics (sex, age, education, religion, marital status, socioeconomic class, occupation) and psychiatric diagnoses. But the Risk-Rescue scores were significantly higher in high BHS group(BHS score ${\geq}$ 9) than in low BHS group(BHS score <9) and positive correlation was observed between the BHS and the Risk-Rescue score(Rs=0.77 : p<0.05). These results suggest that level of hopelessness be a major risk factor for suicidal lethality.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.5-14
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• 2020

Purpose: Trust plays an important role in e-commerce because consumers perceive more risk involved with this type of shopping than traditional way of shopping. Trust is defined as complex and multidimensional issue. This paper argues that trust should be considered to have two important components as trust belief and trust intention, in which trust belief has three components as competence, integrity and benevolence. Research design, data and methodology: This study examines the relationship between retailer website quality (web design, navigation, information), reputation and risk toward trust. In addition, trust and risk toward buying behavior are also considered, leading to customer satisfaction. The paper is conducted on a sample of 594 customers with direct experience of online shopping in Vietnam. Both confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and a structural equation model (SEM) were utilised. Results: Empirical findings from this paper indicate that trust is high order construct. Website quality and reputation have positive impacts on customers' trust. Trust has a positive relationship to buying behavior and customers' satisfaction while perceived risk has negative relationship to buying behavior. In contrast, a relationship between perceived risk and trust is not supported in this study. Conclusions: Improving reputation and website quality (especially information) may increase customers' trust and eventually lead to purchase decision.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.287-292
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• 2009

This study was conducted to analyse risk factors which can influence on blood splash in slaughtered cattle in D slaughterhouse located in Gyeonggi province in 2008. A total of 13,056 cattle were studied by several risk factors such as species, gender, body weight, meat grade, weather (temperature), transport distance, lairaging time, moving time, mixing cattle from different sources. As the result of analysis, the total mean of blood splash was 0.70% and the rate was highest (0.94%) in castrated Hanwoo. The heavier body weight, the higher blood splash rate. The farms which have had more than one experience of blood splash tend to have high grade in meat quality. As a weather factor, the rate in summer season was lower than in winter season. It increased as transport distance getting longer and decreased when the lairaging time was 2~5 hours. We could know many risk factors strongly related with the occurrence of blood splash from this study.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.125-134
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• 2020

This study examines the nominal price anomaly in the Vietnamese stock market, that is, whether stocks with low nominal price outperform stocks with high nominal price. Using a sample of all 351 companies listed on the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange (HOSE) from June 2009 to March 2018, we confirm our hypothesis and document that cheaper stocks yield higher subsequent abnormal returns. The results are robust after controlling for various stock characteristics that have been documented to be value-relevant in prior literature, including firm size, book-to-market ratio, intermediate-term momentum, short-term reversal, skewness, market risk, idiosyncratic risk, illiquidity and extreme daily returns, using both the portfolio analysis and the Fama-MacBeth cross-sectional regression. The negative effect persists in the long term (i.e., after up to 12 months), implying a slow adjustment of stock prices to their intrinsic value. Further analysis show that the observed nominal price anomaly is mainly driven by mispricing but not a latent risk factor proxied by stock price, thus the observed anomaly reflects a mispricing but not a fundamental risk. The study highlights the irrational behaviour of investors and market inefficiency in the Vietnamese stock market and provides important implication for investors in the market.

• Journal of Korea Association of Health Promotion
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.137-148
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• 2004

Objective : To identify the risk factors for postmenopausal osteoporosis in Korea Materials and methods : Bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in 808 apparently normal postmenopausal Korean women. Questions about life style, demographic parameters, medical history and social habits etc. were asked on these women; 2ll women with normal bone mineral density, and 597 women with osteopenia or osteoporosis. Results 'Age of >50 years, low body mass index (BMI; <18.5 kg/m2), long duration of menopause(>10 years), and previous history of fracture were associated with increased prevalence of osteopenia or osteoporosis. Women without the outside activity also showed a higher frequency of low bone mass, Risk for osteopenia or osteoporosis was low in women with high BMI (>23 kg/m2) and women with job. The prevalence of low bone mass appeared to be independent of the following parameters: socioeconomic status, familial history, smoking, drinking, exercise, previous use of oral contraceptive, coffee or milk consumption, and degree of sunlight exposure. Conclusion 'Age, BMI, duration of menopause, previous history of fracture and degree of outside activity are the risk factors for postmenopausal osteoporosis in Korea.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.65-71
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• 2008

This study conducted two surveys to establish an educational system to prevent work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The first survey investigates the factors influencing the recognition of job specifications for risk factor analysts of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The respondents of the first survey were selected from 173 different small-sized manufacturing enterprises having less than 300 workers and had experienced the inspection of risk factors. The results of the first survey shows that better recognition of job specifications are followed by the increase of education time, but regardless of the positions and periods of job experience. Among the respondents with a high level recognition, the second survey was conducted. According to the results, it is presented that 2, 8, 16 hours are the most suitable for educating workers, superintendents, and risk factors analysts. Based on the results of the second survey, educational contents have also been suggested. This research will provide the basic information when forming education systems to prevent musculoskeletal disorders.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2991-2995
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• 2012

Background: India shows some of the highest rates of cervical cancer worldwide, and more than 70% of the population is living in rural villages. Prospective cohort studies to determine the risk factors for cervical cancer are very rare from low and medium resource countries. The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of risk factors related to cervical cancer in a rural setting in South India. Material and methods: Sociodemographic and reproductive potential risk factors for cervical cancer were studied using the data from a cohort of 30,958 women who constituted the unscreened control group in a randomised screening trial in Dindigul district, Tamilnadu, India. The analysis was accomplished with the Cox proportional hazard regression model. Results: Women of increasing age (HR=2.4; 95% CI: 1.6, 3.8 in 50-59 vs 30-39), having many pregnancies (HR=7.1; 1.0, 52 in 4+ vs 0) and no education (HR=0.6; 0.2, 0.7 in high vs none) were found to be at significantly increased risk of cervical cancer. Conclusion: This cohort study gives very strong evidence to say that education is the fundamental factor among the sociodemographic and reproductive determinants of cervical cancer in low resource settings. Public awareness through education and improvements in living standards can play an important role in reducing the high incidence of cervical cancer in India. These findings further stress the importance of formulating public health policies aimed at increasing awareness and implementation of cervical cancer screening programmes.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.14
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• pp.5861-5865
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• 2014

High risk forms of the human papilloma virus (HPV) are generally accepted as necessary causative agents for cervical cancer. Recently, a possible relation between HPV and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has also been noticed. The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of HPV infection in OSCCs in Wuhan city. DNA samples were collected from fresh tissues in 200 patients with OSCC and 68 normal controls. The polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing were used to identify the HPV types in the samples. The prevalence of HPV of all types in the OSCC group was higher than in the control group (55/200 vs 2/68, OR=11.5, 95% CI=2.6-50.2). HPV16 and HPV18 were the main types detected, with HPV6 was the only low-risk type identified. High-risk HPV types HPV16 and HPV18 are prevalent in OSCC patients and may participate in the development of OSCC with traditional risk factors, tobacco and alcohol, possibly exerting synergistic effects. The results of multinomial logistic regression showed that those who smoked, consumed alcohol and with HPV infection have the highest risk of developing oral cancer (OR=13.3, 95% CI=3.1-56.8). Adjusted for age, smoking and alcohol use, HPV infection was independently associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.138-146
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• 2020

Stow net fishery is one of the fishery with high fishing work accidents in southwestern sea of Korea. We conducted to serve as basic data for improving the healthy and safe working environment of fisher using risk assessment process (ISO45001) with fishermen's occupational accidents of the National Federation of Fisheries Cooperative (NFFC) from 2016 to 2018. The average occurrence rate of victim in this fishery was 9.04%, 16.7 times more than such rate in all industries. In addition, the average fatality rate was found to have a very serious level management to 31.06‱, 27.7 times more than such rate in all industries. The safety hazards of stow net fishery was more likely to occur by other general industrial groups, with more severe consequences after the accident. According to 4M analysis, 58.6% of all accidents were caused by human factors, 24.0% by environmental factors, 16.0% by mechanical factors, and 1.5% by managerial factors, respectively. The occurrence frequency by accident type was the highest in 187 cases (32.2%) for struck by object, 158 cases (27.2%) for slipping, and 94 cases (16.2%) for being in contact with machinery. Severity is the highest for others such as diseases etc., in the order of being struck by object, being in contact with machinery, falling from above slipping, collapsing, bumping, and burning. Being struck by object, being in contact with machinery, and slipping are high-risk groups, falling from above others, bumping, and burning are medium-risk groups based on the risk assessment using the occurrence frequency and severity of accident. The obtained results are expected to contribute to the safe operation environment subsidy for fishing crews on the stow net fishing vessel.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.313-323
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• 2015

This study was performed to examine the prevalence of and risk factors for depression and anxiety among breast cancer survivors in their 40s. Completed questionnaires were collected from 609 breast cancer survivors in their 40s who agreed to participate the study. The mean scores of CES-D and GAD-7 were 16.35(SD=9.24) and 4.25(SD=4.17), respectively. Nearly 47.7% of the participants had depression and 10.3% had anxiety. The mean score of pain severity was 1.91(SD=1.60) and 10.9% of the participants reported more than moderate pain. The final model in the hierarchical regression analysis showed that pain interference, unemployment, the type of live-in partner, and past psychiatric disease were the significant risk factors for depression, and pain interference, unemployment and past psychiatric disease for anxiety. These results show the prevalence of depression and anxiety among breast cancer survivors in their 40s is high and suggest appropriate psychosocial intervention should be provided for high risk groups based on those risk factors.