• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.100-113
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• 2017

Snap rolling during hard turning and instability during emergency rising are important features of submarine operation. Hydrodynamics modeling using a high incidence flow angle is required to predict these phenomena. In the present study, a quasi-steady dynamics model of a submarine suitable for high-incidence-angle maneuvering applications is developed. To determine the hydrodynamic coefficients of the model, static tests, dynamic tests, and control surface tests were conducted in a towing tank and wind tunnel. The towing tank test is conducted utilizing a Reynolds number of $3.12{\times}10^6$, and the wind tunnel test is performed utilizing a Reynolds number of $5.11{\times}10^6$. In addition, least squares, golden section search, and surface fitting using polynomial models were used to analyze the experimental results. The obtained coefficients are presented in tabular form and can be used for various purposes such as hard turning simulation, emergency rising simulation, and controller design.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.421-428
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• 2008

In this paper, we investigated the flow of an incompressible viscous fluid past a sphere which is oscillated one-dimensionally over flow regimes including laminar flow at Reynolds number of 100, 200 and Strouhal number of up to 5000. In order to analyze flow and estimate critical Strouhal number, we introduce three-dimensional vortex element method. With this method, separation only appears in decreasing velocity region during the high Strouhal numbers. We find out that vorticity distribution around sphere is proportionl to the Strouhal number. And we can decide that low Strouhal number is below 100, high Strouhal number is above 500 from many results. Thus the critical Strouhal number(St) effected to the flow field is expected to be 100

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.190-198
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• 2019

Gas foil bearings (GFBs) enable small- to medium-sized turbomachinery to operate at ultra-high speeds in a compact design by using ambient air or process gas as a lubricant. When using air or process gas, which have lower viscosity than lubricant oil, the turbomachinery has the advantage of reduced power loss from bearing friction drag. However, GFBs may have high Reynolds number, which causes turbulent flows due to process gas with low viscosity and high density. This paper analyzes gas foil journal bearings (GFJBs) with high Reynolds numbers and studies the effects of turbulent flows on the static and dynamic performance of bearings. For comparison purposes, air and R-134a gas lubricants are applied to the GFJBs. For the air lubricant, turbulence is dominant only at rotor speeds higher than 200 krpm. At those speeds, the journal eccentricity decreases, but the film thickness, power loss, and direct stiffness and damping coefficients increase. On the other hand, the R-134a gas lubricant, which that has much higher density than air, causes dominant turbulence at rotor speeds greater than 10 krpm. The turbulent flow model predicts decreased journal eccentricity but increased film thickness and power loss when compared with the lamina flow model predictions. The vertical direct stiffness and damping coefficients are lower at speeds below 100 krpm, but higher beyond that speeds for the turbulent model. The present results indicate that turbulent flow effects should be considered for accurate performance predictions of GFJBs with high Reynolds number.

• 에너지공학
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.261-268
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• 2000

A heat transfer correlation to predict the vaporization of a water droplet in highly superheated steam during a loss-of-coolant accident(LOCA) of a nuclear power plant is provided. Vaporization of liquid fuel or water droplets in superheated air or steam and subsequent interface heat transfer between a liquid droplet and superheated gas is typically correlated by way of a Nusselt number as a function of Reynolds number, Prantl number, and in some cases including mass transfer number. Presently available correlations and experimental data of the evaporation of liquid droplets in air or steam are analyzed and a new Nusselt number correlation is proposed taking Schmidt number into consideration in order to account for binary diffusion of the vapor as well, Nu$\_$f/(1+B)$\^$0.7/=2+0.53Sc$\_$f/$\^$-1/5/Re$\_$M/$\^$$\sfrac{1}{2}$/Pr$\_$f/$\^$$\sfrac{1}{3}$/ for which properties are evaluated at film condition except the density of Reynolds number evaluated at ambient condition. Diverse correlations for various combinations of liquid and gas species are put into single equation. The blowing correction factor of (1+B)$\^$0.7/ is confirmed appropriate, and a criterion to distinguish so-called high- and low-temperature condition of ambient gas is set forth.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.698-706
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• 2006

Experiment and numerical calculation have been peformed to investigate mixed convection heat transfer between inclined parallel plates. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) with thermo-sensitive liquid crystal (TLC) tracers is used for visualizing and analysis. This method allows simultaneous measurement of velocity and temperature fields at a given instant of time. Quantitative data of the temperature and velocity are obtained by applying the color-image processing to a visualized image, and neural network is applied to the color-to-temperature calibration. The governing equations are discretized using the finite volume method. The results are presented for the Reynolds number ranges from 0.004 to 0.062, the angle of inclination, ${\Theta}$, from 0 to 45 degree and Prandtl number of the high viscosity fluid is 909. The results show velocity, temperature and mean Nusselt numbers distributions. It is found that the periodic flow of mixed convection between inclined parallel plates is shown at $0^{\circ}{\leq}{\Theta}<30^{\circ}$, Re<0.062, and the flow pattern can be classified into three patterns which depend on Reynolds number and the angle of inclination. The minimum Nusselt numbers occur at Re=0.05 regardless of the angle of inclination.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.331-345
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• 2019

Long-span bridge decks are often shaped as streamlined to improve the aerodynamic performance of the deck. There are a number of important shaping parameters for a streamlined bridge deck. Their effects on aerodynamics should be well understood for shaping the bridge deck efficiently and for facilitating the bridge deck design procedure. This study examined the effect of various shaping parameters such as the bottom plate slope, width ratio and side ratio on aerodynamic responses of single box streamlined bridge decks by employing unsteady RANS simulation. Steady state responses and flow field were analyzed in detail for wide range of bottom plate slopes, width and side ratios. Then for a particular deck shape Reynolds number effect was investigated by varying its value from $1.65{\times}10^4$ to $25{\times}10^4$. The aerodynamic response showed very high sensitivity to the considered shaping parameters and exhibited high aerodynamic performance for a particular combination of shaping parameters.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.809-820
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• 2003

The present study investigates effects of flow velocity on the convective heat/mass transfer characteristics in wavy ducts of a primary surface heat exchanger application. Local heat/mass transfer coefficients on the wavy duct sidewall are determined by using a naphthalene sublimation technique. The flow visualization technique is used to understand the overall flow structures inside the duct. The aspect ratio and corrugation angle of the wavy duct is fixed at 7.3 and 145$^{\circ}$ respectively, and the Reynolds numbers, based on the duct hydraulic diameter, vary from 100 to 5,000. The results show that there exist complex secondary flows and transfer processes resulting in non-uniform distributions of the heat/mass transfer coefficients on the duct side walls. At low Re (Re<1000), relatively high heat/mass transfer regions like cell shape appear on both pressure and suction side wall due to the secondary vortex flows called Taylor-Gortler vortices perpendicular to the main flow direction. However, at high Re (Re>1000), these secondary flow cells disappear and boundary layer type flow characteristics are observed on pressure side wall and high heat/mass transfer region by the flow reattachment appears on the suction side wall. The average heat/mass transfer coefficients are higher than those of the smooth circular duct due to the secondary flows inside wavy duct. And also friction factors are about two times greater than those of the smooth circular duct.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.1088-1094
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• 2002

A channel flow with a high Reynolds number but coarse grids is numerically studied to investigate the prediction possibility of its turbulence which is three-dimensional and time-dependent. In the present paper, a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model, a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and a Navier-Stokes equation with no model are tested with a new approach of hybrid RANS/LES, which reduces to RANS model in the boundary layers and at separation, and to Smagorinsky-like LES downstream of separation, and then compared with each other. It is found that the simulations of hybrid RANS/LES method sustain turbulence like those of LES and with no model, and the results are stable and fairly accurate. This indicates strongly that gradual improvements could lead to a simple, stable, and accurate approach to predict turbulence phenomena of wall-bounded flow.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.66-74
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• 1996

Numerical simulations were carried out using standard Reynolds stress turbulence model(LRR model) and modified RSM(Janicka model ) to validate these models in combustion flow fields. Two flames were selected for use as a benchmark data for model testing. One is a conventional jet diffusion flame that has the effect of suppression of turbulence by combustion. The other is a triple jet diffusion flame that designed to give high turbulence to the periphery of the flame and to remove the low Reynolds-number flow fields. As a result, it was found that the modification of standard RSM model is indispensable in the modelling of flames with low turbulence region. And it is also necessary to improve the existing modified models for the universal use.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집E
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• pp.259-264
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• 2001

High-resolution simulations using vortex methods have been performed for simulating unsteady viscous flows around an impulsively started square cylinder. In order to investigate the phenomenon from laminar to transition flow, simulations are performed for Reynolds numbers 25, 50, 150 and 250. At extremely low Reynolds number, flow around a square cylinder is known to separate at the trailing edges rather than the leading edges. With an increase of Reynolds number, the flow separation at the leading edges will be developed. The main flow characteristics of developing recirculation region and separations from leading and trailing edges are studied with the unsteady behavior of the wake after the cylinder starts impulsively. A notable change in the flow evolution is found at Re=150, that is, it is shown that the flow separations begin at both leading and trailing edges of the square cylinder. On the other hand, when Re=250, the strong secondary vorticity from the rear surfaces of the square cylinder increases the drag coefficient as the primary vortex layer is pushed outwards. The comparisons between results of the present study and experimental data show a good consistency.