• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.82-92
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• 1996

A computer simulation with predict the fuel injection rates and the fuel injection pressure behaviors in diesel engine fuel injection systems would by very useful in designing or improving fuel injection systems. In this paper we developed computer program in order to predict the behaviors of the fuel injection rate and the injection pressure for Electronic Hydraulic Ultra-High Pressure Fuel Injection System. We've applied the continuity and momentum equations for the hydraulic phenomena and the dynamics of individual components of the Electronic Hydraulic Fuel Injection System. To solve all the equations numerically we've applied the Runge-kutta IV method. Water hammer equations were applied for the hydraulic pipe solution, and the method of characteristics was employed in our calculations. The simulation results were compared with the experimental results for: Accumulator pressure, Injection pressure and unjection rate. As a result, The simulation results agree very well with our experimental results. We found that a large accumulator and the high speed solenoid valve were required, and the compression volume of the fuel had to be as small as possible in order to acheive ultra-high pressure fuel injection.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.319-325
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• 2011

This study was conducted to figure out the diagnosis basis of cooling performance depending on water amount in the refrigerant of air conditioner, which can be estimated by the temperatures and pressures along the refrigerant circulation line. A car air conditioner of SONATA III (Hyundai motor Co., Korea) was tested at maximum cooling condition at the engine speed of 1500 rpm in the room controlled at 33~$35^{\circ}C$ air temperature and 55~57% relative humidity conditionally. Measured variables were temperature differences between inlet and outlet pipe surfaces of the compressor, condenser, receive drier and evaporator; and high pressure and low pressure in the refrigerant circulation line; and temperature difference between inlet and outlet air of the cooling vent of evaporator. In this study, changes of the water amount in the refrigerant were correlated to the temperatures and pressure changes and also water amount caused poor cooling performance. As water amount increased in the refrigerant in the air conditioner, the performance of the cooling or the heat transfer became worse. Temporal variations of the surface temperature of the evaporator outlet pipe and the low-side pressure showed various patterns that could estimate the water amount. When the water amount caused bad cooling performance, the patterns of the temperature of the evaporator outlet pipe indicated irregular fluctuation greater than $5^{\circ}C$. When the diagnosis system is using just external sensors of the low-side pressure and the temperatures of inlet and outlet air of cooling vent of the evaporator, the precise pattern of bad cooling performance caused by excess water amount in the cooling line was irregular pressure fluctuation, 25 kPa under 120 kPa, and temperature, $12^{\circ}C$ and less.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제43권8호
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• pp.684-691
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• 2015

덕티드 로켓 가스발생기용 추진제 성능을 검증하기 위한 실험에서 직경이 10mm인 파이프와 최소 직경이 8.7mm인 수축 노즐을 배출 튜브로 사용하였을 때 급격한 압력 증가가 관찰되었다. 급격한 연소 압력 증가는 배출 튜브를 통과하는 유동의 열 질식(thermal choking) 때문인 것으로 판단하였다. 본 연구에서는 원형 파이프를 사용하는 경우, 배출 튜브 유동의 열 질식을 고려하여 가스발생기 연소 압력 변화를 예측하였다. 그 결과, 배출가스의 비-평형 화학반응으로 인한 배출 튜브 유동의 열 질식 발생이 급격한 연소 압력 증가의 원인임을 확인하였다. 특히 덕티드 로켓의 높은 압력 지수는 배출 튜브 내에서 발생하는 열에 매우 민감하게 반응하여 배출 튜브 내의 열 질식 가능성을 높이는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 배출 튜브로 단면적의 변화가 있는 발산형 파이프를 사용하면 가스발생기의 급격한 연소 압력 증가를 예방할 수 있을 것으로 판단하였다.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 1996년도 춘계학술발표회논문집(2)
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• pp.95-101
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• 1996

In this paper, the steady 2-dimensional model for a long horizontal line with different end temperatures undergoing natural convection at very high Rayleigh number is proposed to numerically investigate the heat transfer and flow characteristics. The dimensionless governing equations are solved by using SIMPLE (Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations) algorithm which is developed using control volumes and staggered grids. The numerical results are verified by comparison with the operating PWR test data. The analysis focuses on the effects of variation of the heat transfer rates at the pipe surface, the thermal conductivities of the pipe material and the thickness of the pipe wall on the thermal stratification. The results show that the heat transfer rate at the pipe surface is the controlling parameter. A significant reduction and disappearance of thermal stratification phenomenon is observed at the Biot number of 5.0$\times$10$^{-2}$. The results also show that the increment of the thermal conductivity and thickness of the wall weakens the thermal stratification and somewhat reduces azimuthal temperature gradient in the pipe wall. Those effects are however minor, when compared with those due to the variation of the heat transfer rates at the surface of the pipe wall.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2011

An accumulator placed on the refrigerant cycle pipe lines is a part to relax fluctuations of pressure within the pipe lines and stabilize refrigerants flowed into pipe. The accumulator has been mainly manufactured by the process of tube spinning using CNC(Computer Numerical Control) lathe. However, this process has the defects which are low productivity per hour and high cost. For that reason, tube end-forming using roll die is actively being developed, recently. The purpose of this study is to develope the tube end-forming process using roll die in order to manufacture the accumulator for the refrigeration pipe lines. First, the process design of tube end-forming was performed based on specification of product, and then was verified with FE analysis. Also, the effects of friction coefficient and revolution speed of roll die on forming load were investigated. The analytical results were applied in the final process design of tube end-forming. Finally, tube end-forming test was carried out to verify the validity of the FE analysis and the process design.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.547-550
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• 2000

The steel pipe for fluid catalytic cracking(FCC) unit. petroleum refinery, is lined with refractory to protect the system from high-temperature of the internal flow. The property of the refractory has an effect upon the stress analysis of FCC unit. Because 1-D pipe element or 3-D shell element are usually used in commercial codes of stress analysis to evaluate the structural soundness, the equivalent elastic modulus considering steel and refractory should be applied. In the research, the theoretical method to obtain the value of the equivalent property is introduced and then the stress analysis is carried out with the part of FCC unit.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.723-729
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 핀-관형 히트파이프와 평행류형 히트파이프 제작하여 시험하였으며 분리형 히트파이프의 작동유체의 충진량은 40~60(% vol.), 풍량은 300~1,400 사이에서 변화시켜가며 온도교환 효율, 열회수량, 공기측 압력강하를 비교하였다. 온도교환 효율은 두 종류의 히트파이프 모든 경우에서 저 풍량에서는 작동유체 충진량이 40(%vol.)일 때가 가장 높았으며 풍량이 증가함에 따라 최대 효율을 가지는 작동유체 충진량이 다름을 알 수 있었고, 환기량이 작을수록 온도교환 효율이 높게 나타났다. 평행류형 히트파이프 60(%vol.)의 실험결과에서 보는 것과 같이 작동 유체를 너무 많이 충진하게 되면 오히려 낮은 온도교환 효율을 보이는데 이는 관벽의 액막이 두터워지면서 열전달 효과를 악화시킨 결과로 최적 충진량이 40~50(%vol.) 사이에 있음을 알 수 있다. 풍량 변화에 따른 공기측 압력강하 비교에서는 증발부 히트파이프가 응축부 히트파이프 보다 크게 계측 되었는데 증발부 표면에 생긴 결로수의 영향으로 생각된다. 평행류형 히트파이프는 핀-관형 히트파이프와 비교하여 냉매 충진량은 48%, 체적은 41%에서 동등이상의 성능을 보였으며, 공기측 압력강하도 37% 정도로 좋은 성능을 나타내었다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.128-140
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• 1997

A new super compact condenser(SCC), which has been developed recently is especially suitable for an alternative refrigerant HFC-134a due to its high performance and compactness. The SCC is composed of two pipe headers, baffles, narrow multi-rectangular channels, and louvered fin arrays. Alternating inlet and outlet by the inserted baffles in pipe headers guide refrigerant to and from the narrow multi-rectangular channels. Since the flow rate and its lengh are changed depending on the number and location of baffles, the corresponding pressure drop and heat transfer rate are changed. The present study aims to theoretically and experimentally investigate the effects of baffle location and its number on the pressure drop and thermal performance of the SCC with 40 multi-rectangular channels. The results show that the present method provides an acceptable prediction of pressure drop and heat transfer rate for a 4 pass SCC. However, the model significantly under predicts the performance of a 3 pass SCC, which may be attributed to the phase separation of refrigerant flowing through header pipes. Pressure drop is more signifi- cantly influenced than heat transfer rate by the baffle location.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2013

Lack of the space in many diesel vehicles make it difficult to design and install the catalytic muffler to reduce emissions. For this reason, inlet part of the catalytic muffler is made of L-type which has lower flow uniformity than conventional I-type, and catalytic muffler has complex internal structure by various insertions, which affect the flow uniformity and pressure drop of the systems. In this work, the flow characteristics such as flow uniformity and pressure drop have been numerically investigated by changing such various geometries as inlet shape, porosity, and outlet shape inside the muffler with the three-dimensional turbulent incompressible flow solver. Total 4 different cases are considered in order to find optimal configurations of the catalytic muffler in view of high flow uniformity and low pressure drop. The results show that Case 2 which has no induction cone and outlet perforated pipe has higher uniformity index and lower pressure drop than others considered in this work.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2015

This paper describes performance evaluation of design parameters, air velocity inside a pipeline and pressure along a pipeline, using experimental measurements in an automated vacuum waste collection system. Automatic robot having six cameras is introduced to analyze the internal pipeline conditions whether waste accumulates at the bottom of the pipeline or not. Throughout the experimental measurements of the pipeline having the various shapes, it is found that pressure and internal air velocity linearly increase along the pipeline from a waste inlet to a waste collection station while air density decreases due to the air compression effect with high pressure. Although air velocity inside the pipeline at a waste inlet keeps design velocity range between 20 m/s and 30 m/s, it is noted that air velocity near the waste collection station exceeds maximum design velocity of 30 m/s. Pressure increase per unit length is changed from 17.6 Pa/m to 18.9 Pa/m, which depends on the air velocity inside the pipeline. From the investigation inside the pipeline with CCTV loaded on an automated robot, waste accumulated at the bottom of the pipeline is mainly found at the downstream of a circular curved pipe, an inclined pipe and a bended pipe.