• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.2822-2827
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• 2008

Among the main components of PEM fuel cell, the functions of GDL are to transport reactants from the channel to the catalyst and remove reaction products from the catalyst and transport heat from the catalyst to the channels in the flow filed plate. Permeability of GDL is known to make it possible to enhance the gas transport through GDL, devoting to get better performance. In this paper, three dimensional numerical simulation of the fuel cell by the permeability of GDL is presented by using a FLUENT modified to include the electrochemical behavior. Results show that as permeability is higher than $10^{-12}m^2$, gradients of temperature distribution, oxygen molar concentration and current density distribution in MEA were decreased. Although heat generation was increased as high permeability, MEA's temperature was lower than the low permeability of GDL. This seems because that convection was higher affects in mass and heat transfer process than diffusion as permeability of GDL is increases.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.589-594
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• 2020

Many electronic applications require magnetic materials with high permeability and frequency properties. We improve the magnetic permeability of soft magnetic powder by controlling the shape magnetic anisotropy of the powders and through the preparation of amorphous nanoparticles. For this purpose, the effect of the shape magnetic anisotropy of amorphous Fe-B-P nanoparticles is observed through a magnetic field and the frequency characteristics and permeability of these amorphous nanoparticles are observed. These characteristics are investigated by analyzing the composition of particles, crystal structure, microstructure, magnetic properties, and permeability of particles. The composition, crystal structure, and microstructure of the particles are analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry-, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and focused ion beam analysis. The saturation magnetization and permeability are measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer and an LCR meter, respectively. It is confirmed that the shape magnetic anisotropy of the particles influences the permeability. Finally, the permeability and frequency characteristics of the amorphous Fe-B-P nanoparticles are improved.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.331-339
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• 2017

Porous alumina-based ceramics are of special interest due to their outstanding mechanical properties and their thermal and chemical stability. Nevertheless, the high electrical resistance of alumina-based ceramics, due to the generation of static electricity, leads to difficulty in applying a vacuum chuck in the semi-conductor process. Therefore, development of alumina-based ceramics for applications with vacuum chucks aims to have primary properties of low electrical resistance and high air permeability. In this study, we tailored the electrical resistance of porous alumina-based ceramics by adjusting the amount of $MnO_2$ (with $TiO_2$ fixed at an amount of 2 wt%) and by using coarse alumina powder for high air permeability. The characteristics of the specimens were studied using scanning electron microscopy, mercury porosimeter, capillary flow porosimetry, universal testing machine, X-ray diffraction and high-resistance meter.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.79-85
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• 2006

A simulation was done to analyze the seepage problems due to seawater intrusion through the embedded rock layers on heterogeneous layers of sea-dike. Numerical analysis with SAMTLE(developed by author) was done by taking various relative permeability $ratio(R_r/R_e)$. These results showed, when the sed-dike is newly designed, operated, and maintained considering the safety of sea-dike in seepage problems, these embankment materials are prudently chosen. The permeability of the soil materials, within the range of salinity management in freshwater, is comparatively high, however, the permeability of rock materials for bottom rock layer is low. Therefore, when the relative permeability $ratio(R_r/R_e)$ is bellow 10 it is safety in seepage problems of sea-dike.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.231-239
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• 2019

The present study deals with the development of metakaolin-based geopolymer concrete (GPC) and thereafter studying the effects of adding ultra-fine slag on its mechanical and permeability characteristics. The mechanical characteristics including compressive, split tensile, flexural strengths and elastic modulus were studied. In addition, permeability characteristics including water absorption, porosity, sorptivity and chloride permeability were studied up to 90 days. The results showed the effective utilization of metakaolin for the development of elevated temperature cured geopolymer concrete having high 3-day compressive strength of 42.6 MPa. The addition of ultra-fine slag up to 15%, as partial replacement of metakaolin resulted in an increase in strength characteristics. Similar improvement in durability properties was also observed with the inclusion of ultra-fine slag up to 15%. Beyond this optimum content of 15%, further increase in ultra-fine slag content affected the mechanical as well as permeability parameters in a negative way. In addition, the relationship between various properties of GPC was also derived.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.531-536
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• 2002

Silica fume influences concrete diffusivity and permeability as well as strength by densifying the microstructure of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) of high strength concrete, by reducing the capillary porosity of cement paste and by producing less diffusible and permeable pozzolanic CSH gel than CSH gel of conventional cement hydration. This paper presents a procedure to predict the chloride ion diffusivity and water permeability of the high strength concrete containing silica fume. Water binder ratio, silica fume addition, degree of hydration and volume fraction of aggregates are considered as the major factors influencing concrete diffusivity and permeability in the procedure. Analytical results using the procedure are shown and verified with other data.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.149-154
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• 2018

The changes in sound absorption capability and air permeability of Malas wood after high temperature heat treatment were investigated. The average air permeability of Malas in longitudinal direction after heated under the temperature of $190^{\circ}C$ during 3 hours was about 23.48 darcys and that of control was about 3.11 darcys. The noise reduction coefficients of Malas specimens were 17% for treatment and 10% for control. The means of sound absorption coefficient of specimens in the frequency range of 50~6,400 Hz were 42% for treatment and 17% for control, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.791-796
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• 1993

The electro-magnetic properties of the Mn-Zn ferrite single crystal with small variation of Fe2O3 concentration at the high permeability composition, 53mol% Fe2O3-28.5mol% MnO-18.5mol% ZnO, have been studied for the VCR magnetic head application. With the increase of the Fe2O3 concentration, the Fe2+ concentration increased, the specific resistivity decreased, the secondary maximum permeability shifted to the lower temperature, and the initial permeability decreased. It was concluded that the small variation of $\pm$0.5mol% Fe2O3 concentration greatly affected the electro-magnetic properties of Mn-Zn ferrite single crystals. At the composition of 53mol% Fe2O3, the initial permeability was comparatively high (650 at 5MHz) and its temperature dependence was small.

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.384-387
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• 2002

In the resin transfer molding, there are many advantages such as high volume, high performance, and low cost, The permeability is essential in the design and operation of the process, Traditionally, the determination of permeability can be divided as three methods, which are experimental measurement, analytical, and numerical prediction using the Darcy's law. In this study, the permeability in the microscopic level is first computed on the square-packing and hexagonal packing structures of the filaments inside the yarn by using CVFEM. (omitted)

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.349-360
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• 2012

In this paper, compressive strength, water permeability and abrasion resistance of concretes containing high volume fine fly ash (FFA) and fine ground palm oil fuel ash (GPA) were studied. Portland cement type I was replaced with FFA and GPA at dosages up to 70% by weight of binder. Ground river sand (GRS) was also used to replace Portland cement in order to indicate the level of filler effect. Results indicated that FFA was slightly more reactive than GPA. The replacement of 40-70% of FFA produced concretes with compressive strength, permeability and abrasion resistance comparable to those of normal concretes. The incorporation of GPA slightly reduced the performances of concretes as compared to those of FFA concretes. The reduction of Portland cement was partly compensated by the increase in pozzolanic activity of the fine fly ash and palm oil fuel ash and thus enabled the large replacement levels.