• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.199-203
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• 2016

An enzyme-free optical method is proposed for estimating high concentrations of glucose in a glucose-lactose mixture, based on a predictive equation that takes advantage of the reflective optical power observed at two discrete wavelengths. Compared to the conventional absorption spectroscopy method based on Beer's Law, which is mainly valid for concentrations below hundreds of mg/dL, the proposed scheme, which relies on reflection signals, can be applied to measure higher glucose concentrations, of even several g/dL in a glucose-lactose mixture. Two probe wavelengths of 1160 and 1300 nm were selected to provide a linear relationship between the reflective power and pure glucose/lactose concentration, where the relevant linear coefficients were derived to complete the predictive equation. Glucose concentrations from 2 to 7 g/dL in a glucose-lactose mixture were efficiently estimated, using the established predictive equation based on monitored reflective powers. The standard error of prediction was 1.17 g/dL.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.149-154
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• 1996

Effect of glucose addition to xylose medium on xylitol production was investigated by using Candida parapsilosis ATCC 21019 mutant. With increasing the ratio of glucose to xylose in total amount of 50 g/l as glucose and/or xylose, xylitol production was decreased but ethanol and glycerol production were increased. Ethanol and glycerol concentration were maxmum in 10 g/l of xylose and 40 g/l of glucose medium as 21.5 g/l and 3.6 g/l, respecti- vely. No xylitol was formed in glucose medium without xylose because xylitol could be not produced from glucose. With increasing the ratio of glucose to xylose, the activity of xylose reductase which converted xylose to xylitol were decreased. The activities of xylitol dehydrogeiiase which converted xylitol to xylulose and then cell materials were found to be constant regardless of the ratio of glucose to xylose. This results indicated that glucose addition to xylose medium on cell growth was not affected. In order to prevent the inhibitory effect of glucose on xylitol production, glucose in a fermentor was fed with low concentration and then ethanol and glycerol was critically decreased and the xylitol yield from xylose of the culture with glucose feeding was recovered the almost same as that with only 50 g/l of xylose. However, the xylitol yield from total sugars (xylose and glucose) was decreased and glucose was not contributed to xylitol production. Therefore, the fermentation at high concentration of xylose without glucose was carried out. A final xylitol concentration of 242 g/l which corresponding 80.7% of xylitol yield was obtained from 300 g/l of xylose for 273 hours.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.946-956
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• 1998

Fifteen mongrel dogs (14 male and 1 female) were injected intravenously with 30mg of streptozotocin and 50mg of alloxan monohydrate per kilogram of body weight to induce diabetes mellitus. Before treatment with streptozotocin and alloxan fasting serum glucose concentration was determined every other day or thrice a week (Monday, Wednesday, Friday) for 3 months. Among 15 dogs 4 dogs developed diabetes mellitus and survived more than 9 weeks without injection of insulin. After treatment fasting serum glucose and hemoglobin $A_1$ concentrations of the 4 dogs were determined every other day or thrice a week. Fasting serum glucose concentration increased acutely from 24 hours after treatment and then showed severe fluctuation. Hemoglobin $A_1$ concentration increased gradually until 7~9 weeks after treatment and then showed very slow increase afterwards. Correlation of hemoglobin $A_1$ to fasting glucose concentration was relatively weak(r = 0.10~0.80). Hemoglobin $A_1$ and fasting glucose concentration of preceding 7 week showed very high correlation (r = 0.98~0.99). It was indicated that hemoglobin $A_1$ concentration in chemically induced diabetic dogs reflects mean glucose concentration of preceding 7~9 weeks.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2003년도 Annual Meeting of KSAP : International Symposium on Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences on Obesity
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• pp.79-79
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• 2003

Recently diabetes has been found to be associated with metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis. In the present study, attempts have been made-to explore the effect of high glucose in bone formation. Osteoblast-like UMR 106 cells were treated with high glucose (22mM, 33mM, 44mM) for 1 or 2 days. High glucose significantly inhibited proliferation of UMR106 cells in a time- and dose- dependent manner as evidenced by MTT assay. For the evaluation of collagen synthesis, UMR 106 cells were cultured in high glucose media (44mM) for 24 h and the ratio of collagen content to total protein was measured. In addition, gene expression pattern of type I collagen was assessed by RT-PCR. The high concentration of glucose inhibited a collagen synthesis, a marker of bone formation activity. JNK, c- Jun N-terminal Kinase, is known to play an important role in stress-associated cell death. In this regard, we tested to determine whether high glucose has any effect on JNK activity. It has been found that treatment of high glucose induced phosphorylation of JNK. On the other hand, ERK phosphorylation was inhibited by high glucose in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, Therefore these results indicate that inhibition of proliferation in UMR 106 cells following high glucose is related to JNK/ERK containing signal pathways. This study showed high glucose concentration could alter the bone metabolism leading to defective bone formation, suggesting that high glucose due to diabetes may playa significant role in the development of metabolic bone disease.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2003년도 Annual Meeting of KSAP : International Symposium on Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences on Obesity
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• pp.80-80
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• 2003

Insulin-dependent or Type 1 diabetes mellitus (IDDM) has been associated with an increased severity of periodontal disease. Since periodontal ligament (PDL) cells play a significant role in maintenance and regeneration of mineralized tissue, the success of procedures, such as guided tissue regeneration, is directly related to the ability of these cells to augment mineralized tissue. In this study, we investigated the time- and dose-dependent effect of high glucose on the proliferation and collagen synthesis of human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. PDL cells were treated with high glucose (22mM, 33mM, 44mM) for 1 or 2 days. High glucose significantly inhibited proliferation of PDL cells as a time- and dose-dependent manner as evidenced by MTT assay. PDL cells were cultured in high glucose media (22mM, 33mM, 44mM) for 24 h. The ratio of collagen content to total protein was evaluated, and the gene expression of type I collagen was assessed by RT - PCR. The high concentration of glucose inhibited collagen synthesis, a marker of bone formation activity. This study indicated high glucose concentration could alter the metabolism of periodontal ligament cell, leading to alveolar bone destruction.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.851-857
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• 1993

Atherosclerotic vascular disease is a major cause of the increased morbidity and mortality assciated with diabetes mellitus. The prominent role of nutrition in hypercholesteolemia and atherosclerosis is generally accepted. Diet is a key element in the management of diabetes (type I-IDDM), yet the appropriate diet for patient with diabetes mellitus is not well known. Dietary protein has been shown to have a significant effect on plasma cholesterol levels in both experimental animals and humans. The present experiment was designed to determine the effect of the dietary protein level(20% vs 60%) on plasma glucose concentration, lipids profile, insulin and glucagon levels from non-diabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Results showed that a high protein diet decreased triglyceride concentration in diabetic rats. Also diabetic rats fed a high protein diet were hypocholesterolemic than rats fed a control diet. There were no effects by level of protein on fasting blood glucose concentration and insulin/glucagon ratio. Results from the present study suggest that a high protein diet may be beneficial to control pasma lipids in chemically-induced diabetic rats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.365-372
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• 2007

This study was conducted to determine effects of salinomycin (SL) on feeding-induced changes in glucose kinetics and blood VFA concentrations in sheep fed a high-roughage diet. Four sheep were fed the diet with or without 20 mg/kg diet of SL once daily for 21 d. Glucose entry and utilization rates were determined during the prefeeding and 3 h postfeeding periods, using a [$^{13}C_6$]glucose dilution method and non-steady state equations. Ruminal characteristics and concentrations of blood VFA, plasma glucose and insulin were also measured during the same periods. A feeding-induced increase in ruminal total VFA concentration tended to be inhibited (p<0.10) with SL, although ruminal pH was unaffected (p>0.10) with SL or by feeding. Salinomycin decreased (p<0.05) acetate proportion and increased (p<0.05) propionate proportion in the rumen, but did not modify these changes in response to feeding (p>0.10). A feeding-induced increase in blood acetate concentration was attenuated (p<0.05) with SL. Salinomycin tended to increase (p<0.10) blood propionate concentration without modifying its response patterns to feeding (p>0.10). Plasma concentrations of glucose or insulin were unaffected (p>0.10) with SL. Salinomycin tended to enhance (p<0.10) glucose entry and utilization rates. Feeding also enhanced (p<0.01) both rates, whereas their interactive effect was not detected (p>0.10). We conclude that SL possibly enhances whole body glucose entry and utilization with an increase in blood propionate concentration in sheep given a high-roughage diet, although SL does not appear to affect their responses to feeding.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.366-370
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• 2006

UDP-glucose는 ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan 합성의 중요한 전구체로 이를 측정함으로써 세포 내의 glucan synthesis 대사의 활성도를 추정할 수 있는 중요한 지표가 됨을 본 연구 결과를 통하여 알 수 있었다. UDP-glucose는 세포 성장기에 다량 생산되다가 ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan 합성하는 시기에 일정한 농도가 되며 ${\beta}$-1,3-Glucan 합성 메카니즘에서 glucose를 운반하는 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 2단 연속 발효조를 이용하여 세포 성장 발효조와 ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan 생산 발효조에서 UDP-glucose 변화를 관찰하여 ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan 생산시 농도가 높음을 관찰할 수 있었다. ${\beta}$-1,3-Glucan 생산 발효조의 pH를 5.5로 조절함으로써 UDP-glucose의 농도를 증가시킬 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan의 생산 속도를 최적화할 수 있었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2013

Dysfunction of endothelial cells is considered a major cause of vascular complications in diabetes. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of Padina arborescens extract against high glucose-induced oxidative damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). High-concentration of glucose (30 mM) treatment induced cytotoxicity whereas Padina arborescens extract protected the cells from high glucose-induced damage and significantly restored cell viability. In addition, lipid peroxidation, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO) levels induced by high glucose treatment were effectively inhibited by treatment of Padina arborescens extract in a dose-dependent manner. High glucose treatment also induced the overexpressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase- 2 (COX-2) and NF-${\kappa}B$ proteins in HUVECs, but Padina arborescens extract treatment reduced the over-expressions of these proteins. These findings indicate the potential benefits of Padina arborescens extract as a valuable source in reducing the oxidative damage induced by high glucose.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2013

The protective effect of Polyopes lancifolia extract on high glucose-induced oxidative stress was investigated using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). High concentration of glucose (30 mM) treatment induced HUVECs cell death, but Polyopes lancifolia extract, at concentrations of 25, 50, and $100{\mu}g/mL$, protected cells from high glucose-induced damage. Furthermore, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, intracellular reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide levels increased by high glucose treatment were effectively decreased by treatment with Polyopes lancifolia extract in a dose-dependent manner. Also, Polyopes lancifolia extract treatment reduced the overexpressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and nuclear factor-kappa B proteins activation that was induced by high glucose in HUVECs. These results indicate that Polyopes lancifolia extract is a potential therapeutic material that will reduce the damage caused by high glucose-induced-oxidative stress associated with diabetes.