• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.65-68
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• 1997

The mutational falsetto is failure to change from the higher pitched voice of preadolescence to the lower pitched voice of adolescence and adulthood. The one of characteristic findings is contraction of suprahyoid muscles. The large majority of young men with inappropriately high voice have excellent voice therapy prognosis. We have experienced one case of mutational falsetto treated with botulinum toxin injection on suprahyoid muscles. His suprahyoid muscles are contracted markedly simultaneously with each phonation. fundamental frequency$(F_0)$ of his vowel phonation was 332Hz. Extensive voice therapy including manual compression of thyroid notch was ineffective. Forty units of Botox$^{\circledR}$ was injected under the EMG-guidance(20U bilaterally). At seven days post-injection, his voice changed lower than before and at 40 days after procedure, his $F_0$ was 126Hz.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.18-22
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• 2011

Laryngeal framework surgery comprises medialization laryngoplasty and arytenoid adduction. Since their introduction in the 1970s, these procedures have become standard treatments for vocal fold paralysis and glottal incompetence. However, frequency of laryngeal framework surgery is conjectured to relatively decrease along with the introduction of injection laryngoplasty. In this manuscript, indications for laryngeal framework surgery were highlighted in contrast to those of injection laryngoplasty. The authors introduced the basic concepts and principles as well as surgical techniques of laryngeal framework surgery. Even though the incidence of major and/or minor complications after laryngeal framework surgery is not high, surgeons should be well aware of its possible complications and they should be familiar with tips and know-how to avoid or cope with complications.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.30-31
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• 2010

Filament power supply (FPS) for neutral beam injection (NBI) consists of an insulation type is a device that heats the interior of Tokamak. The input/output specifications of FPS are 3-phase AC 200[Vpeak] and DC16V/300A respectively. A conventional FPS is composed of a 3-phase diode rectifier with DC-link, a H-bridge DC/DC converter, a high frequency transformer, a secondary rectifier and a LC-filter. In this paper, to improve the efficiency of PSFB DC/DC converter it is substituted IGBT devices instead of diode rectifier in secondary side. The proposed method is verified by computer simulation and experiment result.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.29 no.spc1
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• pp.331-332
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• 1996

We present 3 rare subtypes of the FFSs observed with high temporal resolution at 4-frequency (1.42, 2.13, 2.84 and 4.2G GHz). The various FFSs occurred during the main and post-flare phase can demonstrate that coronal nonthermal electron acceleration/injection may go through the whole development process of flares, and deduce that there may exist the re-forming of loop-like structures in the post-flare phase, and the complex multi-type magnetic structures in corona.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.08a
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• pp.248-249
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• 2000

최근 "혼돈제어"라는 몇 가지 방식이 증명되어 여러 시스템에서 혼돈스런 출렁임을 제거하게 되었다. 처음으로 OGY(Ott Grebogi Yorke) 방법에 기초를 둔 Occasional Proportional Feedback(OPF) 방식이 Roy에 의해 고체레이저 system 에 적용되었다$^{(1)}$ . 또 High Frequency Injection(HFI) 방식으로도 혼돈을 제어할 수 있음이 발표되기도 했다$^{(2),(3)}$ . 우리의 실험에서는 단일모드로 발진하는 Nd:YAG 레이저에서 일어나는 혼돈현상을 관측하려 한다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2019.07a
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• pp.390-391
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• 2019

영구자석 동기 전동기의 PI 전류 제어기 이득은 대역폭과 파라미터에 의해 결정된다. 파라미터 추정 시 필요한 전류 제어기 이득을 임의로 설정할 수밖에 없다는 문제가 있다. 본 논문은 정지좌표계에 대해 회전하는 전압 신호를 인가하여 초기 위치를 추정함과 동시에 인덕턴스를 일정 오차 내로 추정하여 빠르게 인덕턴스를 추정하고, 이를 이용해 전류 제어기 이득을 전동기의 전기적 파라미터에 맞게 설정할 수 있는 방식을 제안한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.686-691
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• 2010

Flash boiling takes place when the thermodynamic state of the liquid deviates from its saturation limit over which the liquid temperature exceeds by a certain degree of superheat. The liquid jet introduced into the lower pressure zone than the liquid saturation pressure experiences a sequence of the atomization and disintegrated into numerous faster and smaller droplets. In the present study spray characteristics for a flash swirl spray were experimentally investigated. Injectant temperature is raised by a high frequency dielectric heating method and local spray characteristics are instantly measured by Global Sizing Velocimetry (GSV, TSI Inc.). Dependence of dimensionless superheat degree and injection pressure on total and local SMDs and mean droplet size is quantitatively examined. The flash swirl spray has the relation in the injection pressure and nozzle diameter in order to determine the spray quality, including the dimensionless superheat degree. Small droplets occur in the void core and local droplet size distributions largely depend on the dimensionless superheat degree and the injection pressure.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.142-149
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• 2010

Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor(IPMSM) have gained an increasing popularity in recent years for a variety of industrial applications, because of their high power density, high efficiency and possibility of flux weakening operation. Because the efficiency of IPMSM is one of the important performance characteristic, the Maximum Torque Per Ampere(MTPA) operating method has been indispensible. In theory, MTPA operating point can be calculated using the exact values of the machine parameters. However, the values of the IPMSM parameters are known to vary widely according to the operating condition. Therefore, to operate the IPMSM in the MTPA operating point, the machine parameters should be estimated in real-time. In this paper, the new MTPA operating method based on the signal injection is presented. By injecting the high frequency current signal, the MTPA operating criteria can be calculated by measuring the input power to IPMSM. The proposed method can find the MTPA operating point with simple signal processing regardless of the parameter variation.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.36.1-36.15
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• 2024

Importance: The intravenous administration of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) in veterinary medicine is an attractive treatment option. On the other hand, it can result in severe complications, including pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). Objective: The present study assessed the occurrence of PTE after the intravenous infusion of canine AdMSCs (cAdMSCs) into experimental animals. Methods: Five-week-old male BALB/c hairless mice were categorized into groups labeled A to G. In the control group (A), fluorescently stained 2×10⁶ cAdMSCs were diluted in 200 µL of suspension and injected into the tail vein as a single bolus. The remaining groups included the following: group B with 5×10⁶ cells, group C with 3×10⁶ cells, group D with 1×10⁶ cells, group E with 1×10⁶ cells injected twice with a one-day interval, group F with 2×10⁶ cells in 100 µL of suspension, and group G with 2×10⁶ cells in 300 µL of suspension. Results: Group D achieved a 100% survival rate, while none of the subjects in groups B and C survived (p = 0.002). Blood tests revealed a tendency for the D-dimer levels to increase as the cell dose increased (p = 0.006). The platelet count was higher in the low cell concentration groups and lower in the high cell concentration groups (p = 0.028). A histological examination revealed PTE in most deceased subjects (96.30%). Conclusions and Relevance: PTE was verified, and various variables were identified as potential contributing factors, including the cell dose, injection frequency, and suspension volume.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.109-122
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• 2003

To examine the causal relationship between geomagnetic storm and substorm, we investigate the correlation between dispersionless particle injection rate of proton flux observed from geosynchronous satellites, which is known to be a typical indicator of the substorm expansion activity, and Dst index during magnetic storms. We utilize geomagnetic storms occurred during the period of 1996 ~ 2000 and categorize them into three classes in terms of the minimum value of the Dst index ($Dst_{min}$); intense ($-200nT{$\leq$}Dst_{min}{$\leq$}-100nT$), moderate($-100nT{\leq}Dst_{min}{\leq}-50nT$), and small ($-50nT{\leq}Dst_{min}{\leq}-30nT$) -30nT)storms. We use the proton flux of the energy range from 50 keV to 670 keV, the major constituents of the ring current particles, observed from the LANL geosynchronous satellites located within the local time sector from 18:00 MLT to 04:00 MLT. We also examine the flux ratio ($f_{max}/f_{ave}$) to estimate particle energy injection rate into the inner magnetosphere, with $f_{ave}$ and $f_{max}$ being the flux levels during quiet and onset levels, respectively. The total energy injection rate into the inner magnetosphere can not be estimated from particle measurements by one or two satellites. However, the total energy injection rate should be at least proportional to the flux ratio and the injection frequency. Thus we propose a quantity, “total energy injection parameter (TEIP)”, defined by the product of the flux ratio and the injection frequency as an indicator of the injected energy into the inner magnetosphere. To investigate the phase dependence of the substorm contribution to the development of magnetic storm, we examine the correlations during the two intervals, main and recovery phase of storm separately. Several interesting tendencies are noted particularly during the main phase of storm. First, the average particle injection frequency tends to increase with the storm size with the correlation coefficient being 0.83. Second, the flux ratio ($f_{max}/f_{ave}$) tends to be higher during large storms. The correlation coefficient between $Dst_{min}$ and the flux ratio is generally high, for example, 0.74 for the 75~113 keV energy channel. Third, it is also worth mentioning that there is a high correlation between the TEIP and $Dst_{min}$ with the highest coefficient (0.80) being recorded for the energy channel of 75~113 keV, the typical particle energies of the ring current belt. Fourth, the particle injection during the recovery phase tends to make the storms longer. It is particularly the case for intense storms. These characteristics observed during the main phase of the magnetic storm indicate that substorm expansion activity is closely associated with the development of mangetic storm.