• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.140-145
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• 2005

Streptomyces natalensis ATCC27448 produces natamycin, a commercially important macrolide antifungal antibiotic. For molecular genetic study of S. natalensis, we have developed a system for introducing DNA into S. natalensis via conjugal transfer from Escherichia coli. An effective transformation procedure for S. natalensis was established based on transconjugation from E, coli ET12567/pUZ8002 using a ${\Phi}C31$-derived integration vector, pSET152, containing oriT and attP fragments. The high frequency was obtained on MS medium containing 10 mM $MgCl_2$ using $6.25\times10^8$ of E.coli donor cells without heat treatment of spores. In addition, southern blot analysis of exconjugants and the sequence of plasmids containing DNA flanking the insertion sites from the chromosome revealed that S. natalensis contains a single ${\Phi}C31$ attB site and at least a secondary or pseudo attB site. Similar to the case of various Streptomyces species, a single ${\Phi}C31$ attB site of S. natalensis is present within an ORF encoding a pirin-homolog, but a pseudo-attB site is present within a distinct site (GenBank accession no. $YP\_117731$) and also its sequence deviates from the consensus sequences of attB sequence.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 1998

The crystallographic and high frequency characteristics of $Fe_{73.9}Cu_{1.0}Nb_{3.5}Si_{14.0}B_{7.6}$ soft magnetic alloys were investigated under the magnetic field annealing. As-cast ribbon with which already imbedded nanocrystalline Fe-Si phase on the surface have a preferred orientation with (400) plane to surface and also with the [011] direction parallel to the ribbon length. The extra nanocrystalline Fe-Si phase appeared throughout at 45$0^{\circ}C$ in samples with or without the longitudinal magnetic field. However the formation of nanocrystalline phase does not appear on the suface layer until 50$0^{\circ}C$ annealing temperature under the transverse field. The cryststallization fraction of annealed samples with longitudinal magnetic field is higher than that of samples without magnetic field. When the transverse magnetic field is applied, the crystallization fraction does not increases but decreases until 50$0^{\circ}C$. However the crystallization of internal regions can be confirmed by X-ray diffraction measurement via tilting the sample. It was found that for all samples, the saturation induction were all same with 1.3 T. The coercive field of as-cast sample was 1.06 A/cm, but in annealed samples it decrease from 0.56 to 0.1 A/cm with increasing annealing temperature from 400 and 55$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. The squareness of annealed samples under transverse magnetic field has a small value than that of both without field and with longitudinal field annealing.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.48-60
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• 1997

This study was undertaken to identify the musculotendinous problems and contributing factors to those problems In students majoring in musical instruments in Korea. The data were collected from March 2, 1996 to March 31, 1996 from 261 music students in various geographical areas. The data were analyzed for descriptive statistics, t-test, chi-square using SPSS $PC^+$ program. The results of this study were as follows : 1. In a questionnaire survey of 261 music students, one hundred twenty five(47.9%) reported having had various musculotendinous symptoms. Twenty seven students among the those who had previous symptoms(21.9%) reported the present symptoms. 2. The experience rates of musculotendinous problems in keyboard players, string players and woodwind players were 50.3%, 48.2%, 33.3% respectively. 3. Most of the students practiced most intensively during their high school years and the musculotendinous symptoms began at the same period. 4. Pain, tenderness and stiffness were the most common symptoms, while paresthesia and motor dysfunction were rare. This indicates that most players had muscle tendinous overuse, while small number had nerve entrapment and motor dysfunction. 5. In past and present symptoms, string players experienced musculotendinous symptoms mainly in both sides of shoulders, lumbar area, left finger, and left wrist, while keyboard players experienced more symptoms in the right wrist, shoulder, fingers than left side. 6. The major contributing factors to the symptoms were weight of instrument, types of instruments, types of daily activities, duration of practice, and playing technique. 7 The most frequent treatment modalities for the symptoms were acupuncture or moxibustion, other alternative therapy such as heat compress and massage. Through this study it was found that the musculotendinous problems might be increased along with their career, due to lack of knowledge about preventive measures and patterns of health behavior seeking alternative modalities rather than professional consultation. Therefore, preventive measures that focus on playing habits such as duration of practice, frequency of rest and position while playing should be developed and taught to the students, their parents, and music educators. Doctors who are interested in this area should attempt to correct the position and posture while playing of the posture. And measures for reduction of loading of instrument weight should also be developed.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.238-244
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• 2013

Doping process using laser is an important process in fabrication of solar cell for heat treatment. However, the process of using the furnace is difficult to form a selective emitter doping region. The case of using a selective emitter laser doping is required an expensive laser equipment and induce the wafer's structure damage due to high temperature. This study, we fabricated a new costly plasma source. Through this, we research the selective emitter doping. We fabricated that the atmospheric pressure plasma jet injected Ar gas is inputted a low frequency (a few tens kHz). We used shallow doping wafers existing PSG (Phosphorus Silicate Glass) on the shallow doping CZ P-type wafer. Atmospheric plasma treatment time was 15 s and 30 s, and current for making the plasma is 40 mA and 70 mA. We investigated a doping profile by using SIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy) and we grasp the sheet resistance of electrical character by using doping profile. As result of experiment, prolonged doping process time and highly plasma current occur a deeper doping depth, moreover improve sheet resistance. We grasped the wafer's surface damage after atmospheric pressure plasma doping by using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). We check that wafer's surface is not changed after plasma doping and atmospheric pressure doping width is broaden by increase of plasma treatment time and current.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.297-304
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• 2018

Coptis chinensis is used in oriental medicine for soothing, anti-inflammation, antimicrobial and antipyretic properties, and its main ingredient berberine is known to have strong antibacterial activity. In this study, we investigated the anti-microbial effect of hot water extract of Coptis chinensis (CW) on skin related microorganism and the airborne microbe, the antifungal effects of fungi, which are frequently detected in residential environments. CW showed antibacterial effect against Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, against the airborne microbe, which was collected in four different places. At the concentration of 100 mg/mL, the antimicrobial activity continued for 42 days, showed heat stability without change in the antimicrobial activity even after heat treatment. The MIC and MBC of CW against S. aureus was 0.03, 0.05 mg/mL, against S. epidermidis was 0.50, 0.75 mg/mL and against P. acne was 0.10, 0.15 mg/mL. As a result of measuring the MIC of four kinds of fungi with high detection frequency in the surrounding environment, Gliocladium virens was 65 mg/mL by determined as MIC which can inhibit one hundred percent of mycelial growth. The concentration 90 mg/mL was determined as MIC against Aureobasidium pullulans and 100 mg/mL against Penicilium pinophilum and Chaetomium globosum. CW was considered a safe extract that showed no irritation even in the ocular mucous membrane irritation evaluation test, a patch test. Therefore, these results suggest that Coptis chinensis has antimicrobial, antifungal and safety on human body and can be applied to the development of materials for cosmetic and residential environment industries.