• ALGAE
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.121-125
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• 2005

The modern integrated fish-seaweed mariculture has been tested to reduce the environmental impacts of an intensive fed culture. To obtain the best seaweed bioremediation performance, the effects of therapeutants used for fish disease control on the selected seaweed species should be considered. As a selected seaweed, Porphyra yezoensis was tested with six commercial antibiotics including erythromycin thiocyanate_A, erythromycin thiocyanate_B, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, pefloxacin, and amoxicillin trihydrate under the batch incubation at a photon flux density of 10 $\mu$mol ${\cdot}m^{-2}\;{\cdot}\;s^{-1}$ at 15$^{\circ}C$. Among the tested commercial antibiotics, erythromycin thiocyanate_A, erythromycin thiocyanate_B, oxytetracycline, and doxycycline showed decreases in Fv/Fm, the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, with a dose-dependant and time-dependant manner. From the quenching analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence, three differential patterns were observed in the antibiotics-treated Porphyra: (1) high nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) and low photochemical quenching (qP) in the cases of Erythromycin thiocyanate_B and amoxicillin trihydrate, (2) high NPQ and high qP in the case of pefloxacin and (3) low NPQ and low qP in the case of oxytetracycline. These results indicated that antibiotics affected in various ways on the photosynthetic apparatus, reflecting differential lesion sites of antibiotics. In addition, the rates of ammonium uptake also decreased with a decrease of Fv/Fm in P. yezoensis thalli treated with erythromycin thiocyanate_B and oxytetracycline. Therefore, the four antibiotics mentioned could affect the bioremediation capacity of the selected seaweed species in the integrated fish-seaweed mariculture system due to the decrease of photosynthetic activity and the simultaneous decrease of ammonium uptake.

• 태양에너지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.46-53
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• 1985

Hydrogenated amorphous silicon solar cells which are fabricated by photo-chemical vapor deposition (photo-CVD) system has been investigated. In the photo-CVD system which consists of three separate reaction chambers, low-pressure mercury lamp has been used as a light source. The main reactant ($Si_2H_6/He$) gases which are premixed with a small amount of mercury vapor in a mercury-vaporizer kept at $50^{\circ}C$ have been used. Using $C_2H_2$ and $SiH_2(CH_3)_2$ as the carbon source, p-type wide band gap a-SiC:H films have been obtained. The result has been found that the undoped layers of the pin/substrate solar cells are influenced by the residual impurities, such as phosphorus and boron during the deposition process. By minimizing the effect of the impurities in the i-layer and optimizing conditions at the p-layer and p/i interface, the energy conversion efficiency of 9.61 % under AM-1 ($100mW/Cm^2$) has been achieved for pin/substrate solar cells illuminated through their p-layers, using the three separate reaction chamber apparatus. It is expected that a-SiC:H solar cells with the energy conversion efficiency over 10% have been fabricated by Photo-CVD method.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.604-608
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• 2016

최근 난방장치에 대한 에너지의 효율적 사용측면에서 경제성과 안정성을 높이기위한 지속적인 연구 개발이 이루어지고 있다. 특히 고성능 및 신기능 소재에 대한 기술개발이 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 본 논문은 에너지 전달특성이 우수한 발열제품 개발에 관한 것으로 침구류나 매트리스 등에 사용되는 발열체는 전열선을 사용하는 것으로서 전열선이 가늘기 때문에 열의 분포가 전열선 주변에서만 집중되어 전열선에서 떨어진 부분과 온도 편차가 심하게 발생되는 단점이 있다. 또한 전자기가 유도되어 인체에 유해하고 에너지 소비도 많다. 따라서 원적외선, 음이온 등이 방사되어 인체에 이로우면서도 무해할 뿐 아니라 열전도가 우수하여 에너지 효율을 높일 수 있는 SiC계 세라믹을 이용한 면상발열판넬을 개발하고자 한다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 투과도 80 md, 하이드레이트 포화도 30%의 다중공 평판형 시스템에서 열자극 감압법에 의한 생산실험을 수행하여 하이드레이트의 해리양상 및 생산효율을 관측 및 분석하였다. 감압의 크기에 따른 실험결과에서, 운영 압력을 낮게 설정하면 높은 가스회수율을 얻을 수 있지만 생산초기 나타나는 강한 펄스가 생산전 운영에 무리를 줄 수 있다고 판단되었다. 또한 흡열반응에 의한 하이드레이트 재형성으로 오히려 회수율이 감소하는 경우가 발생하였다. 감압법 적용시의 생산거동을 더 상세히 분석하기 위해, 감압크기 140 psi와 320 psi에 대해 각각 4, 6회의 반복실험을 진행하였다. 그 결과, 140 psi로 감압크기를 설정한 경우, 생산초기에 불안정한 거동이 나타나지만, 빠르게 안정화됨을 알 수 있었다. 320 psi의 실험결과에서 불연속적이며 간헐적인 생산거동을 확인할 수 있었다. 열자극 실험은 안정적인 생산거동을 보이며 회수율이 비교적 낮아 열자극의 효과를 잘 관찰할 수 있는 압력차 80 psi를 적정운영 압력으로 설정하여 수행하였다. 열자극감압 혼용기법의 결과로부터 열자극시간이 증가할수록 가스회수율은 증가하였지만, 반면 에너지효율은 오히려 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 열을 2분간 가한 후 열흡수 시간을 1분으로 설정한 경우 본 시스템에서는 회수율이 상승하였으며, 에너지효율 또한 증가되는 결과를 얻었다. 하지만, 열흡수 시간이 1분 이상일 경우 오히려 더 낮은 회수율과 에너지효율을 보였는데 이는 긴 열흡수 시간으로 인한 열손실에 기인한 것으로 판단된다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.171-176
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• 2012

We previously isolated cordycepin, guanosine and tryptophan from Cordyceps militaris as antiadipogenic constituents. For the quality control of C. militaris for anti-adipogenic activity, simultaneous analytical method using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-diode array detection (DAD) was developed and validated. Quantitation of these compounds in various Cordyceps samples from different sources and various extraction methods were conducted using developed method. Our study shows that natural Cordyceps and host insect possess higher content than cultured ones and fruiting bodies, respectively. The content of cordycepin showed great difference in different C. militaris samples whereas trytophan content was similar in tested samples. Addition of water to extraction solvent greatly increased the yield of guanosine and tryptophan. High temperature and longer extraction time increased yield of guanosine, whereas the content of trytophan was decreased in high temperature during extraction with water. Extraction using ultrasonic apparatus slightly increased extraction efficiency. Cordycepin, however, has little variation in different extraction method tested. Strong anti-adipogenic activity was observed in the samples that contain all the three constituents. Taken together, quantitation of these compounds using developed analytical method might provide basic requirement for the anti-adipogenic activity of C. militaris.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.211-219
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• 2016

To develop an ash separator for the solid fuel chemical looping combustion system, effects of operating variables such as solid injection nozzle velocity, diameter of solid injection nozzle, gap between solid injection line and vent line, vent line inside diameter, and solid intake height on solid separation rate and solid separation efficiency were measured and discussed using heavy and coarse particle and light and fine particles mixture as bed material in an acrylic fluidized bed apparatus. The solid separation rate increased as the solid injection nozzle velocity and the diameter of solid injection nozzle increased. However, the solid separation rate decreased as the gap between solid injection line and vent line, the vent line inside diameter, and the solid intake height increased. The solid separation efficiency was in inverse proportion to the solid separation rate. In this study, we could get high solid separation rate up to 2.39 kg/hr with 91.6% of solid separation efficiency.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.10-19
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• 2021

In the flotation process to remove microplastic (MP) particles, the attachment and separation efficiency is determined by the basic physicochemical characteristics of MP particles as well as bubbles. To evaluate the flotation characteristics of MP particles, we carried out a series of simulations using the population balance (PB) model. The initial attachment coefficient (αo) of MP particles was in the range of 0.2-0.275, and it was slightly lower than that of typical particles, such as clay, debris and algae particles, which exist in water bodies, αo, 0.3-0.4. The relative bubble number (RBN) attached to the surface of the typical number of bubbles was 0.30 and 0.32 for MP 30 ㎛ and MP 58 ㎛, respectively. In comparison, the RBN of larger MP particles (138 ㎛) was as high as 0.53. Furthermore, smaller microbubbles were required to separate properly or additional treatment needed to be applied to enhance collision and attachment efficiency since the flotation of MP particles was found to be difficult to treat as high-rate. As a result of comparing the removal rate (experimental value) of MP particles obtained from the batch-type flotation apparatus and the flotation removal rate (predicted value) of MP obtained through the PB model, the final particles by the particle size of MP overall except for the initial separation time area. With respect to the removal efficiency, the observed and predicted values were similar, and it was confirmed that the floating separation characteristics and evaluation of the MP particles through the PB model could be possible.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.44-49
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• 2013

The refrigerating system are high efficiency and comfortable due to the automation of the system as well as enhance energy saving are contributing to driving system. Previous study the rotational frequency of the compressor was confined to the fixed condition have changed load of evaporator and condenser related about the refrigerator performance characteristic according to the evaporation load and condensation load change tries to be analyze through the experiment. The useful data for the economic driving of the freezing apparatus tries to be drawn. Consequently, it confirmed that refrigerant in the compressor overheated and as the evaporation load increased the specific volume was increased and the coolant circulation rate decreased. In confirmed that condensation load increased the compression ratio and discharge gas temperature increased. It reduced the low-temperature efficiency and condensation calorie and the quality factor was decreased.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.110-115
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 현재 입자상물질 저감장치인 DPF의 문제를 해소하기 위하여 제안된 것으로서, 단일채널내의 배기가스 통로를 양방향 제어하여 연소시 발생되는 배기가스를 효율적으로 정화한다. 1개의 DPF장치를 장착하고 회전형 밸브를 교번제어 하여 DPF 내부에 입자상물질 적층현상으로 인한 배기가스의 내부압력 증가를 피할수 있고, 출력저하 및 연비효율이 떨어지는 등의 문제를 획기적으로 개선하여 고효율의 출력을 유도할 수 있는 입자상물질 정화시스템을 개발한다.

• 한국고분자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국고분자학회 2006년도 IUPAC International Symposium on Advanced Polymers for Emerging Technologies
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• pp.206-206
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• 2006

Polymer induced turbulent drag reduction achieved by adding minute amounts of high molecular weight DNAs in aqueous solution was investigated using a rotating disk apparatus. The DNAs in this study include ${\lambda}-DNA$ and calf-thymus (CT) DNA. By putting emphasis on effect of CT-DNA concentration, its DR characteristics were compared with that of ${\lambda}-DNA$ possessing monodisperse molecular weight characteristics based on both DR efficiency and a mechanical degradation under turbulence. The DNA chains having much higher molecular size than that of ${\lambda}-DNA$ are observed to be more susceptible to mechanical degradation in a turbulent flow. This result was verified via electrophoresis. Furthermore, the coil to globule phase transition of DNA was also investigated under a turbulent flow.