• 제목/요약/키워드: High conductance state

검색결과 29건 처리시간 0.029초

Molecular Conductance Switching Processes through Single Ruthenium Complex Molecules in Self-Assembled Monolayers

  • 서소현;이정현;방경숙;이효영
    • 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
    • /
    • pp.27-27
    • /
    • 2011
  • For the design of real applicable molecular devices, current-voltage properties through molecular nanostructures such as metal-molecule-metal junctions (molecular junctions) have been studied extensively. In thiolate monolayers on the gold electrode, the chemical bonding of sulfur to gold and the van der Waals interactions between the alkyl chains of neighboring molecules are important factors in the formation of well-defined monolayers and in the control of the electron transport rate. Charge transport through the molecular junctions depends significantly on the energy levels of molecules relative to the Fermi levels of the contacts and the electronic structure of the molecule. It is important to understand the interfacial electron transport in accordance with the increased film thickness of alkyl chains that are known as an insulating layer, but are required for molecular device fabrication. Thiol-tethered RuII terpyridine complexes were synthesized for a voltage-driven molecular switch and used to understand the switch-on mechanism of the molecular switches of single metal complexes in the solid-state molecular junction in a vacuum. Electrochemical voltammetry and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics are measured to elucidate electron transport processes in the bistable conducting states of single molecular junctions of a molecular switch, Ru(II) terpyridine complexes. (1) On the basis of the Ru-centered electrochemical reaction data, the electron transport rate increases in the mixed self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of Ru(II) terpyridine complexes, indicating strong electronic coupling between the redox center and the substrate, along the molecules. (2) In a low-conducting state before switch-on, I-V characteristics are fitted to a direct tunneling model, and the estimated tunneling decay constant across the Ru(II) terpyridine complex is found to be smaller than that of alkanethiol. (3) The threshold voltages for the switch-on from low- to high-conducting states are identical, corresponding to the electron affinity of the molecules. (4) A high-conducting state after switch-on remains in the reverse voltage sweep, and a linear relationship of the current to the voltage is obtained. These results reveal electron transport paths via the redox centers of the Ru(II) terpyridine complexes, a molecular switch.

  • PDF

Psychological and Physiological Responses to the Rustling Sounds of Korean Traditional Silk Fabrics

  • Cho, Soo-Min;Yi, Eun-Jou;Cho, Gil-Soo
    • Fibers and Polymers
    • /
    • 제7권4호
    • /
    • pp.450-456
    • /
    • 2006
  • The objectives of this study were to investigate physiological and psychological responses to the rustling sound of Korean traditional silk fabrics and to figure out objective measurements such as sound parameters and mechanical properties determining the human responses. Five different traditional silk fabrics were selected by cluster analysis and their sound characteristics were observed in terms of FFT spectra and some calculated sound parameters including level pressure of total sound (LPT), Zwicker's psychoacoustic parameters - loudness(Z), sharpness(Z), roughness(Z), and fluctuation strength(Z), and sound color factors such as ${\Delta}L\;and\;{\Delta}f$. As physiological signals, the ratio of low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF) from the power spectrum of heart rate variability, pulse volume (PV), heart rate (HR), and skin conductance level (SCL) evoked by the fabric sounds were measured from thirty participants. Also, seven aspects of psychological state including softness, loudness, sharpness, roughness, clearness, highness, and pleasantness were evaluated when each sound was presented. The traditional silk fabric sounds were likely to be felt as soft and pleasant rather than clear and high, which seemed to evoke less change of both LF/HF and SCL indicating a negative sensation than other fabrics previously reported. As fluctuation strength(Z) were higher and bending rigidity (B) values lower, the fabrics tended to be perceived as sounding softer, which resulted in increase of PV changes. The higher LPT was concerned with higher rating for subjective loudness so that HR was more increased. Also, compression linearity (LC) affected subjective pleasantness positively, which caused less changes of HR. Therefore, we concluded that such objective measurements as LPT, fluctuation strength(Z), bending rigidity (B), and compression linearity (LC) were significant factors affecting physiological and psychological responses to the sounds of Korean traditional silk fabrics.

Optimized ultra-thin tunnel oxide layer characteristics by PECVD using N2O plasma growth for high efficiency n-type Si solar cell

  • Jeon, Minhan;Kang, Jiyoon;Oh, Donghyun;Shim, Gyeongbae;Kim, Shangho;Balaji, Nagarajan;Park, Cheolmin;Song, Jinsoo;Yi, Junsin
    • 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
    • /
    • pp.308-309
    • /
    • 2016
  • Reducing surface recombination is a critical factor for high efficiency silicon solar cells. The passivation process is for reducing dangling bonds which are carrier. Tunnel oxide layer is one of main issues to achieve a good passivation between silicon wafer and emitter layer. Many research use wet-chemical oxidation or thermally grown which the highest conversion efficiencies have been reported so far. In this study, we deposit ultra-thin tunnel oxide layer by PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) using $N_2O$ plasma. Both side deposit tunnel oxide layer in different RF-power and phosphorus doped a-Si:H layer. After deposit, samples are annealed at $850^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour in $N_2$ gas atmosphere. After annealing, samples are measured lifetime and implied Voc (iVoc) by QSSPC (Quasi-Steady-State Photo Conductance). After measure, samples are annealed at $400^{\circ}C$ for 30 minute in $Ar/H_2$ gas atmosphere and then measure again lifetime and implied VOC. The lifetime is increase after all process also implied VOC. The highest results are lifetime $762{\mu}s$, implied Voc 733 mV at RF-power 200 W. The results of C-V measurement shows that Dit is increase when RF-power increase. Using this optimized tunnel oxide layer is attributed to increase iVoc. As a consequence, the cell efficiency is increased such as tunnel mechanism based solar cell application.

  • PDF

경상계 퇴적암에서 산출되는 탄산지하수의 지화학적 특성과 생성기원 (Geochemistry and Origin of $CO_2$-rich Groundwater from Sedimentary Rocks of Kyungsang System)

  • 정찬호;이진국
    • 지질공학
    • /
    • 제10권1호
    • /
    • pp.51-62
    • /
    • 2000
  • 경상계 퇴적암에서 산출되는 신촌 및 고란약수는 탄산을 다량으로 함유하는 탄산지하수이다. 탄산수의 화학적 유형은 Ca(Na)-$HCO_3$형에 속한다. 탄산수는 높은 $P_{CO2}$ 분압(0.29~1.01 atm)과 1,093~2,810$\mu$S/cm 범위의 높은 전기전도도를 보인다. 무기이온성분을 보면 Ca이 116~321mg/l 농도범위를 보이고 $HCO_3$성분이 702-2,115mg/l 농도로 가장 풍부한 성분이다. 그리고 Na 성분이 62~225mg/l 범위를, Mg 성분이 36.4~101mg/l 농도범위를, Fe는 1.0~31.5mg/l 농도범위를 보여 일반지하수에 비해 훨씬 높은 값을 보인다. 그 외 F, Li, Mn, Sr 등의 미량원소도 상당히 풍부한 편이다. 탄산수의 $^2H/^1H, ^{18}O/^{16}O$ 동위원소 분석결과 탄산수는 모두 순환수 기원이며, 삼중 수소의 수준으로 볼 때 1950년대 이후에 함양된 강수가 탄산수로 진화된 것으로 보인다. 약수내 $CO_2$의 공급은 퇴적암과 인접한 화강암 또는 산성 반암류의 심부에서 기원한 것으로 추정된다. 탄산수의 수질특성에 영향을 미친 근원광물은 퇴적암내 풍부한 탄산염광물과 앨바이트에 의한 것으로 해석되고, 열역학적 계산에 의한 포화지수를 볼 때 탄산수는 앨바이트에 대해서 용해성조건이며, 방해석과는 거의 평형상태를 이루고 있다.

  • PDF

Analysis of wet chemical tunnel oxide layer characteristics capped with phosphorous doped amorphous silicon for high efficiency crystalline Si solar cell application

  • Kang, Ji-yoon;Jeon, Minhan;Oh, Donghyun;Shim, Gyeongbae;Park, Cheolmin;Ahn, Shihyun;Balaji, Nagarajan;Yi, Junsin
    • 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
    • /
    • pp.406-406
    • /
    • 2016
  • To get high efficiency n-type crystalline silicon solar cells, passivation is one of the key factor. Tunnel oxide (SiO2) reduce surface recombination as a passivation layer and it does not constrict the majority carrier flow. In this work, the passivation quality enhanced by different chemical solution such as HNO3, H2SO4:H2O2 and DI-water to make thin tunnel oxide layer on n-type crystalline silicon wafer and changes of characteristics by subsequent annealing process and firing process after phosphorus doped amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) deposition. The tunneling of carrier through oxide layer is checked through I-V measurement when the voltage is from -1 V to 1 V and interface state density also be calculated about $1{\times}1012cm-2eV-1$ using MIS (Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor) structure . Tunnel oxide produced by 68 wt% HNO3 for 5 min on $100^{\circ}C$, H2SO4:H2O2 for 5 min on $100^{\circ}C$ and DI-water for 60 min on $95^{\circ}C$. The oxide layer is measured thickness about 1.4~2.2 nm by spectral ellipsometry (SE) and properties as passivation layer by QSSPC (Quasi-Steady-state Photo Conductance). Tunnel oxide layer is capped with phosphorus doped amorphous silicon on both sides and additional annealing process improve lifetime from $3.25{\mu}s$ to $397{\mu}s$ and implied Voc from 544 mV to 690 mV after P-doped a-Si deposition, respectively. It will be expected that amorphous silicon is changed to poly silicon phase. Furthermore, lifetime and implied Voc were recovered by forming gas annealing (FGA) after firing process from $192{\mu}s$ to $786{\mu}s$. It is shown that the tunnel oxide layer is thermally stable.

  • PDF

Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of Manganese(II), Iron(III) and Cobalt(III) Complexes of Macrocyclic Ligand. Potential of Cobalt(III) Complex in Biological Activity

  • El-Tabl, Abdou S.;Shakdofa, Mohamad M.E.;El-Seidy, Ahmed M.A.
    • 대한화학회지
    • /
    • 제55권6호
    • /
    • pp.919-925
    • /
    • 2011
  • A new series of manganese(II), iron(III) and cobalt(III) complexes of 14-membered macrocyclic ligand, (3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaazabicyclo[6.6.6]icosane-1,8-diamine) have been prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV-VIS, $^1H$- and $^{13}C$- NMR spectra, magnetic susceptibilities, conductivities, and ESR measurements. Molar conductance measurements in DMF solution indicate that the complexes are electrolytes. The ESR spectrum for cobalt(III) complex in $CD_3OD+10%D_2O$ after exposure to $^{60}Co-{\gamma}$-rays at 77 K using a 0.2217 M rad $h^{-1}$ vicrad source showed $g_{\perp}$ > $g_{\parallel}$ > $g_e$, indicating that, the unpaired electron site is mainly present in the $d_z2$ orbital with covalent bond character. In this case, the ligand hyperfine tensors are nearly collinear with ${\gamma}$-tensors, so there is no major tendency to bend. Therefore, little extra delocalization via the ring lobe of the $dz^2$ orbital occurs. However, the ESR spectrum in solid state after exposure to $^{60}Co-{\gamma}$-rays at 77 K showed $g_{\parallel}$ > $g_{\perp}$ > $g_e$, indicating that, the unpaired electron site is mainly present in the $d_x2_{-y}2$ ground state as the resulting spectrum contains a large number of randomly oriented molecules provided that, the principle directions of g and A tensors. Manganese (II) complex 2, $[H_{12}LMn]Cl_4.2H_2O$, showed six isotropic lines characteristic to an unpaired electron interacting with a nucleus of spin 5/2, however, iron(III) complex 3, $[H_{12}LFe]Cl_5.H_2O$, showed spectrum of a high spin $^{57}Fe$ (I=1/2), $d^5$ configuration. The geometry of these complexes was supported by elemental analyses, IR, electronic and ESR spectral studies. Complex 1 showed exploitation in reducing the amount of electron adducts formed in DNA during irradiation with low radiation products.

토마토 뿌리조직에서 분리한 이온채널의 중금속에 의한 저해 (Characterization of an Ion Channel Prepared from Tomato Roots and Inhibitory Effects by Heavy Metal Ions)

  • 신대섭;한민우;김영기
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
    • /
    • 제47권4호
    • /
    • pp.390-395
    • /
    • 2004
  • 토마토 뿌리에 존재하는 이온채널의 특성을 조사하기 위하여, 마이크로솜을 분리하고 전기생리용 분석장치가 연결된 인공지질 이중막에 유입하였다. 그 결과 다섯 종류의 이온채널을 확인하였고, 이들 중 450 pS의 전기전도도를 갖는 비선택성 양이온채널을 가장 자주 관측하였다. 이 채널은 세 가지의 subconductance 상태를 보였으며, 이들의 전기전도도는 450, 257, 105 pS으로 측정되었다. 모든 subconductance 상태는 막전위 변화에 따른 전류변화가 직선적으로 나타났다. 채널의 활성은 양의 막전위에서 열림과 닫힘이 반복되는 전이상태를 보였지만, 음의 막전위에서는 평균 열림시간과 함께 열림확률도 증가하였다. 막전위 -40mV에서 측정한 채널의 열림확률은 0.83이었다. 이온선택성을 측정하기 위하여 지질막의 한쪽에만 50mM의 $K^+$ 또는 $Na^+$을 가하여 비대칭 이온조건을 만들었을 때, 두 경우 모두에서 전류역전전위는 동일하게 약 -l0mV 이동하였다. 이것은 450 pS채널이 $K^+$$Na^+$을 구별없이 통과시킴을 나타낸다. 중금속 이온들 중, $100\;{\mu}M$ 농도의 $La^{3+}$$Ba^{2+},\;Zn^{2+}$는 채널의 활성을 크게 저해하여 열림확률을 0.2 이하로 감소시켰다. 그러나, $Al^{3+}$$Cd^{2+}$은 활성을 약 20% 저해하였다. 흥미롭게도, 각각의 중금속 이온은 서로 다른 형태로 채널활성을 저해하였다. $La^{3+}$$500\;{\mu}M$ 농도에서 모든 subconductance 상태를 저해하였으나, $Zn^{2+}$는 1 mM의 농도에서도 105 pS의 subconductance 상태는 저해하지 않았다. 또한 $Cd^{2+}$은 음의 막전위에서도 채널의 열림을 long-opening상태에서 전이상태 열림으로 전환시켰다. 이러한 결과는 중금속 이온들이 채널단백질에 각각의 결합부위를 가질 수 있을 가능성을 의미하여, 식물 뿌리의 생리현상에서 450 pS 채널의 기능적 역할 뿐 만아니라 구조적 특징을 탐색할 수 있는 유용한 조절자나 탐색자로 이용될수 있음을 시사한다.

밀에서 출수 후 잎의 생리적 특성 및 종실 생장에 대한 수잉기 이후 고온의 효과 (Effects of Elevated Temperature after the Booting Stage on Physiological Characteristics and Grain Development in Wheat)

  • 송기은;최재은;정재경;고종한;이경도;심상인
    • 한국작물학회지
    • /
    • 제66권4호
    • /
    • pp.307-317
    • /
    • 2021
  • 고온처리가 동화산물의 공급부위인 잎과 수용부위인 종실에 미치는 영향과 그에 따른 기관별 초분광 분석에 의한 식생지수들을 비교해 보았다. 1. 출수 후부터 생리적 성숙기까지 지엽과 최상위엽의 엽녹색도에선 고온처리구가 무처리구보다 높은 값으로 유지되었고, 광합성 성능 지수 및 OJIP-derived parameter에서도 고온처리구 잎이 무처리구 잎보다 높았다. 본 연구 결과, 수잉기 후 고온처리는 잎의 노화를 지연시켰고, 광계II의 능력을 증가시켰다. 지엽과 최상위제2엽의 광합성률은 고온처리구가 무처리구에 비해 저하가 늦게 시작되었다. 증산율과 기공전도도는 고온처리구 잎이 무처리구 잎에 비해 낮았다. 2. 출수 초기에 동화산물 공급부위인 지상부와 이삭축, 영의 건물중은 고온처리구가 무처리구에 비해 높았지만, 시간이 지남에 따라 고온처리구보다 무처리구에서 높았다. 싱크기관인 이삭과 종실의 무게는 고온처리구가 무처리구보다 높았고, 종실 생장률도 고온처리구가 무처리구보다 높았다. 3. 지엽과 최상위엽의 식생지수들 중 엽록소 함량과 잎의 질소 상태와 관련된 식생지수들은 시간이 지남에 따라 고온처리구가 무처리구보다 높아졌고, 광효율과 관련된 PRI은 출수 후 7일부터 무처리구보다 고온처리구에서 높아지기 시작했다. 출수 후 7일에 지상부 건물중과 수분함량, 이삭축 건물중 및 종실 수분함량도 같은 결과를 보였다.

뇌혈관질환 위험요인과의 분석을 통한 EAV(MERIDIAN)활용에 관한 연구 (A Study on Using EAV (MERIDIAN) by Analysis of Cerebrovascular Disease Risk Factors)

  • 김영은;김일화;문아지;김남권;이성근;이기상
    • 대한한의학회지
    • /
    • 제31권5호
    • /
    • pp.136-145
    • /
    • 2010
  • Objectives: Electroacupuncture according to Voll (EAV) has been used to quantify the skin's electrical resistance and conductance over acupuncture points that, based on traditional Chinese medicine, represent the state of health or disease of the organ or tissue. However, it doesn't have enough objective data yet, so the purpose of this study was to aid in the use of EAV in analysis of cerebrovascular disease risk factors. Methods: This study researched the clinical statistics of 216 cases: cerebrovascular attack (CVA) group 43, control group 173. We measured control meridian points (CMP) on hands and feet and the cardio ankle vascular index (CAVI) which represents atherosclerosis severity, and sex, age, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity. The data were then analyzed by t-test, chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: Between the CVA and control groups, there were not statistically significant differences in CMP. However, logistic regression analysis of the presence of CVA, mean of CMP heart and lung, sex, age, DBP (diastolic blood pressure), and HDL (high density lipoprotein) cholesterol showed that the risk of CVA was 1.1 times increased with CMP heart (p=0.002), in men was 4.12 times higher than in women (p=0.001), 1.09 times higher with age (p=0.000), 1.04 times higher with DBP (p=0.045), while was lower by 0.924 times with CMP lung (p=0.005) and 0.957 times with HDL cholesterol (p=0.006). Conclusion: Although there were not clear evidence or mechanisms about EAV, this study showed that if we study EAV further, we may be able to apply EAV as an objective instrument of oriental medicine in cerebrovascular disease.