• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.72-80
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• 1991

조석이 작용하는 흐름장에 있어서 염수쐐기의 거동특성을 파악하여, 실제의 하구에서 생성되는 비정상적염수쐐기의 형상과 그 길이를 정확하게 예측할 수 있는 수치모델의 구축을 목적으로, 수리실험 및 수치계산을 행하였다. 실험에서는 특히 조시에 따른 염수쐐기의 하층에서의 유속분포의 변화와 선단부의 거동에 주목하였다. 또한 점변일차원이층부정류모델에 의한 염수쐐기 형상의 수치계산을 행하여 실험결과와의 비교에 의해 그 모델의 적용성에 대하여 검토하였다.

• 환경생물
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.132-141
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• 2003

We carried out a study on thermohaline structure and phytoplankton com munity in the East China Sea during early summer in 2005. As a result of marine environment and phytoplankton community, three characteristics of water type were identified. The former was characterized by the dominant species with diatoms, Chaetoceros lacinious, Ch. decipiens, Guninardia flaccida, Paralia sulcata, Pseudonitzschia pungens and Pseudosolenia calcar-avis in Chinese coastal waters, the secondary was done by lower water temperature, salinity and the dominant species with dinoflagellates, Prorocentrum donghaiense and Ceratium fusus, in over-all areas and the latter was done by the dominant species with coastal species of diatoms, Skeletonema costafum and Nitzschia longissima and silicoflagellate, Dictyocha speculum var. octopers in the transfer areas of Chinese continental coastal waters. Phytoplankton community in the surface layer identified a total of 66 species belonging to 36 genera. Dominant species was Prorocentrum donghaiense, Chaetoceros lacinious, Skeletonema costatum. Standing crops of phytoplankton in the surface layer flue tuated between $1.5 \times 10^4$cells $L^{-1}$ and $3.5\times 10^{5}$ cells $L^{-1}$. And the highest value appeared in the Changjiang estuaries with high dominance by diatoms and lowest one occurred in the southwestern area of Jeju Island with high dominance by dinoflagellates. Red tides with dinoflagellate, Prororcentrum donghaiense appeared in the frontal areas with mazimum cell density, $3.4\times 10^5$ cells $L^{-1}$. And outbreak environments was low water temperature under $20^{\circ}C$, and low salinity under 31.55 psu. The vertical distribution of red tide organisms went to about 30m depth from surface.

• 환경생물
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

To understand growth characteristics of eight dominant red tide species ($Prorocentrum$ $minimum$, $Heterocapsa$ $triquetra$, $Scrippsiella$ $trochoidea$, $Akashiwo$ $sanguinea$, $Chattonella$ $marina$, $Heterosigma$ $akashiwo$, $Amphidinium$ $carterae$ and $Rhodomonas$ $salina$) in the Korean coastal water, the growth rates were examined in relation with the impacts of water temperature and bio-volume. Of these, $P.$ $minimum$, $C.$ $marina$, $H.$ $akashiwo$, $A.$ $carterae$ and $R.$ $salina$ were eurythermal species with relatively high growth rates in a borad ranges (15 to $25^{\circ}C$) of water temperature. On the other hand, the growth rate of $H.$ $triquetra$, $S.$ $trochoidea$ and $A.$ $sanguinea$ were high in relatively mid temperature (optimum: $25^{\circ}C$) condition. In particular, $H.$ $triquetra$ was well adapted in low temperature of 5 to $15^{\circ}C$, implying that the species can survive and grows even at very low temperature. Based on results of our experiment, the growth characterestics of five eurythermal species and three mid temperature species may have dominated in Korean coastal water during summer season and fall season, respectively. Contrastively, the growth characteristics of $H.$ $triquetra$ make a consistently dominant during the cold winter season. In addition, the growth rates of large bio-volume species were lower than those of small bio-volume species, indicates that growth of single cells of several flagellates might be depended on the cells sizes.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.817-825
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to research about salt marsh flora and vegetation in the Dongjin-river estuary area where has a project for Sea Man Geum Reclaimed Land so that we can foster foundation on restoration of an ecological habitat, development of applicable plant and establishment of a conservation policy after deceloping the reclaimed land for salt marsh vegetation which has great value ecologically. In conclusion, we was distributed that there are 7 families 21 genera, 25 species, 2 varieties of vascular plant at the Dongjin-river estuary area which have 27 taxa in total and are $0.64\%$ among 4,191 of korean vascular plant. There are also 2 family, 2 genus, 2 species of a naturalized plant which are $1.1\%$ of indicator of a naturalized plant salt marsh vegetation of the downstream are very much affected by the time of inundation, tidal water so that a low degree of salt marsh has frequent flooding by sea water and has a pure group of Suaeda japonica. A Phragmites communis, Carex scabrifolia are distributed mainly around a waterway of salt marsh and Zoysia sinica, Atriplex subcordata, Phragmites communis are living in stock as forming into patch around medium salt marsh. Suaeda asparagoides, Phacelurus latifolius are living around a little high ground and a Phragmites communis is a behind vegetation of Phacelurus latifolius and a part of the Phragmites communis are living along with waterway in a salt marsh as a community. By the 2-M method twelve plant communities were recognized ; Suaeda japonica. Carex scabrifolia, Zoysia sinica, Artemisia scoparia, Phacelurus latifolius, Phragmites communis, Suaeda maritima, Suaeda japonica-Atriplex gmelini, Phragmites communis-Suaeda japonica, Suaeda japonica-Salicornia herbacea, Salicornia herbacea-Suaeda aspar-agoides and Scirpus planiculmis community. The actual vegetation map was constructed on the grounds of the communities classified and other data.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.44-57
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• 2003

경기만 수역의 표영 생태계에서 박테리아 생물량과 생산력 그리고 종속영양 미소 편모류의 계절 변동 및 박테리아에 대한 종속영양 미소편모류의 섭식률를 조사하기 위하여, 고정 정점에서 1997년 12월부터 1998년 11월까지 한달 간격으로 조사하였다. 박테리아 생물량과 이차 생산력은 각각 0.38$\times$$10^{9}$ ~ 3.25$\times$$10^{9}$ cells 1$^{-1}$(평균 1.19$\pm$ 0.69$\times$ $10^{9}$ cells 1$^{-1}$)와 1.51~ 20.4 cells 1$^{-1}$h$^{-1}$(평균 6.04$\pm$ 1.88$\times$$10^{6}$cells 1$^{-1}$h$^{-1}$)로 변하였으며, 5월과 9월에 가장 높게 분포하였다. 박테리아 생물량과 생산력은 간조와 만조에 따른 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으며. 특히 박테리아 생물량은 수직분포에 차이를 보이지 않았으나 박테리아 생산력은 저층으로 갈수록 다소 감소하는 양상을 보였다. 박테리아 생물량과 생산력의 계절적 분포는 용존 유기탄소의 농도와 유사한 분포 특성을 보였다. 또한 종속영양 미소 편모류의 현존량 분포는 388~4,374 cells ml$^{-1}$(평균 1,344$\pm$130 cells ml$^{-1}$)로 변하였으며, 3월, 4월과 7월, 8월에 가장 높은 분포를 보였다. 종속영양 미소 편모류는 간조와 만조에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 수직적 분포 특성에도 차이를 보이지 않았다. 박테리아에 대한 종속영양 미소 편모류의 개체군 섭식률은 1.0x$10^{6}$~6.3$\times$$10^{6}$ bacteria 1$^{-1}$h$^{-1}$(평균 3.12$\pm$0.55$\times$$10^{6}$ bacteria 1$^{-1}$h$^{-1}$)로 나타났으며, 종속영양 미소 편모류의 개체군 섭식은 박테리아 이차생산의 19.4~141.4% (평균 62.3$\pm$12.0%)를 제거하는 것으로 나타났다. 박테리아에 대한 종속영양 미소 편모류의 섭식률과 박테리아 이차 생산력에 대한 제거율은 종속영양 미소 편모류의 현존량과 높은 상관을 보였다. 조사수역의 박테리아 생물량과 생산력은 일차적으로 엽록소-a와 용존 유기탄소에 의해 크게 영향을 받았으나, 3월에는 식물플랑크톤의 대량증식이 있었음에도 불구하고 낮은 용존 유기탄소와 낮은 수온으로 인하여 박테리아 생물량과 생산력이 낮아 식물플랑크톤과 상관관계가 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 동계를 제외한 시기에는 종속영양 미소 편모류의 섭식압에 의해 영향을 받은 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 1982

12 or 25 hours continuous observations were made for the variations of nutrients and chlorophyll ${\alpha}$ with tidal cycle at a fixed station located at a mid-channel of the Masan Bay. High nitrate concentrations were observed at the time of low tides whereas high phosphate concentrations at the time of high tides. It is suggested that anoxic bottom waters could also be the possible source of high phosphates in the outer bay. Chlorophyll ${\alpha}$ concentrations were related to the nitrates in April and to the phosphates in June and August. The possible role of growth stimulators in causing the extensive blooms of red tide organisms is suggested.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2008

Growth and reproduction of Palaemon serrifer were described and analyzed in a population inhabiting tide pools in warm temperate waters in Korea. The water temperature varied greatly in the tide pools, ranging from 8$^{\circ}C$ to 27.8$^{\circ}C$ Population structure and growth were investigated using size frequency distribution data collected from January to December 2003. Sex ratios fluctuated, but were almost equal during the breeding period. Growth was continuous and size increased gradually throughout the year. Adult females were larger and grew faster than males. von Bertalanffy growth parameters for a one-year sample of females and males were estimated as $L_{i\ddot{A}}$ = 11.32, K = 0.311, $t_0$ = -0.4115 and $L_{i\ddot{A}}$ = 8.36, K = 0.228, $t_0$ = -0.9693 respectively. Breeding was seasonal, starting in May, peaking in August, and finishing by the end of August. The species showed continuous production of successive broods. Laboratory observation showed that females with embryos near hatching had ovaries filled with vitellogenic oocytes ready for spawning. The reproductive output (effort) of each female (mean number of eggs: $552{\sim}1355$) was not high. The mean embryo volume, $0.078mm^3$, is relatively small, indicative of low energy allocation to each embryo. Recruitment of juveniles was closely linked to the breeding period, beginning in September.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.131-145
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• 1992

A low cost personal computer and image processing S/W were empolyed to derive Digtal Elevation Model(DEM) of tidal flat from multitemporal LANDSAT TM images, and to create three-dimensional(3D) perspective views of the tidel flat on Komso bay in west coasts of Korea. The method for generation of Digital Elevation Model(DEM) in tidal flat was considered by overlapping techniques of multitemporal LANDSAT TM images and interpolations. The boundary maps of tidal flat extracted from multitemporal images with different water high were digitally combined in x, y, z space with tide in formation and used as an inputcontour data to obtain an elevation model by interpolation using spline function. Elevation errors of less than $\pm$0.1m were achived using overlapping techniques and a spline interpolation approach, respectively. The derived DEM allows for the generation of a perspective grid and drape on the satellite image values to create a realistic terrain visualization model so that the tidal flat may be viewed from and desired direction. As the result of this study, we obtained elevation model of tidal flats which contribute to characterize of topography and monitoring of morphological evolution of tidal flats. Moreover, the modal generated here can be used for simulation of innudation according to tide and support other studies as a supplementary data set.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume II
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• pp.744-747
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• 2006

The sea level of the Java Sea is reproduced using HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) setting up in the horizontal grid from $100^{\circ}E$ to $125^{\circ}E$ and from $10^{\circ}S$ to $8^{\circ}N$. The model is initialized by ocean temperature and salinity profiles from Levitus 1998 and forced by the atmospheric field derived from NCEP reanalysis. In this research HYCOM is applied to explain the El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ Southern Oscillation (ENSO) impacts on the sea level of the Java Sea. The monthly tide gauge sea level data are produced based on hourly sea level data from 1993 to 1997. Altimeter sea level data are based on weekly merged products between TOPEX/Poseidon and ERS absolute dynamic topography (ADT). The simulated sea level both HYCOM and ADT agree well with the tide gauge sea level. The sea level of the Java Sea is high during the La $Ni{\tilde{n}}a$ period and low during the El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ period.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.249-253
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• 2002

There is a great deal evidence concerning crustal uplift, after deglaciation, in the vicinity of Syowa Station $(69^{\circ}S,\;39^{\circ}E)$ from tide gauge data, seismic evidence, raised beaches, marine terraces, etc. The geomorphological and tide gauge data show that the crustal uplift is going on around Syowa Station. Seismic observations at Syowa Station started in 1959. Phase readings of the earthquakes have been published by National Institute of Polar Research once a year since 1968, as one of the Data Report Series. Eighteen local earthquakes were detected on short period seismograms at Syowa Station in 1990-2000. The seismicity during the period from 1990 to 2000 was lower than that from 1987 to 1989 when epicenters of local earthquakes were determined by tripartite seismic array. Local earthquake activity corroborates the crustal uplif4 which is an intermittent phenomenon. Sea level falling of 4.5 mm/y was found using data in 1975-1992. This felling rate is consistent with the geomorphological data. A route for repeat leveling survey was established in East Ongul Island. No appreciable change of sea level was observed for the last 14 years. A dynamics of the crustal uplift around Syowa Station has been discussed using geomorphological data, ocean tide, and seismic and leveling data, which is estimated to be an intermittent phenomenon. When local seismic activity is high, the crustal uplift is estimated to be going on. On the contrary, the crustal uplift is in dormancy when the local seismicity is low. Repeated leveling measurements suggest no significant changes, which further supports the idea that the crustal uplift in offshore is not a tilt trend movement but a block movement.