• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2014

Aerothermodynamic characteristics of re-entry vehicles in hypersonic speed regimes are investigated by applying CFD methods based on the Navier-Stokes-Fourier equations. A special emphasis is placed on the effects of high temperature chemically reacting gases on shock stand-off distance and thermal characteristics of the flowfields. A ten species model is used for describing the kinetic mechanism for high temperature air. In particular, the hypersonic flows around a cylinder are computed with and without chemically reacting effects. It is shown that, when the chemically reacting effects are taken into account, the shock stand-off distance and temperature are significantly reduced.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.605-615
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• 1996

Laminar flows in which mixing and chemical reactions take place between parallel streams of reactive species are studied numerically. The governing equations for laminar flows are from two-dimensional compressible boundary-layer equations. The chemistry is a finite rate single step irreversible reaction with Arrhenius kinetics. Ignition, premixed flame, and diffusion flame regimes are found to exist in the laminar reacting mixing layer at high activation energy. At high Mach numbers, ignition occurs earlier due to the higher temperatures in the unburnt gas. In diffusion regimes, property variations affect the laminar profiles considerably and need to be included when there are large temperature differences. The maximum temperature of a laminar reacting mixing layer is almost linear with the adiabatic flame temperature at low heat release, but only weakly at high heat release.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.12-20
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• 2002

케로신/액체산소 추진기관을 갖는 KSR-III 로켓의 플룸 유동장에 대하여 로켓 동체/플룸 유동장에 대한 통합적인 해석을 수행하였다. 기체 열-화학 모델이 유동장에 미치는 영향을 평가하여 로켓 유동장을 해석하는 목적에 가장 적합한 기체 모델을 제시하기 위하여 열량적 완전기체, 다윈 화학종 반응기체, 그리고 화학적 동결기체의 세 가지 기체 모델을 사용하여 유동장을 해석하고 그 차이를 검토하였다. 반응유동 해석 결과는 노즐 내부에서의 화학반응에 의한 연소가스의 온도 증가로 인해 다른 기체 열화학 모델에 비해 전체적으로 더 높은 온도 분포를 나타내었다. 플룸에서의 모든 화학반응은 전단류와 배럴 충격파 반사지점 후방의 고온 영역에 국한되어 일어났으며, 본 해석의 경우 플룸 내에서의 유한속도 화학반응이 유동에 미치는 영향은 미약한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 본 연구에서 이루어진 유한속도 화학반응을 고려한 플룸 해석을 통하여 플룸에서의 주된 화학반응 및 반응 메커니즘을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2003

In this research, the etching characteristics of via contact and deep contact hole have been studied using multi-pole inductively coupled plasma(MICP) etching system. We investigated Plasma density of MICP source using the Langmuir probe and etching characteristics with RF frequency, wall temperature, chamber gap, and gas chemistry containing Carbon and Fluorine. As the etching time increases, formation of the polymer increases. To improve the polymer formation, we controlled the temperature of the reacting chamber, and we found that temperature of the chamber was very effective to decrease the polymer thickness. The deep contact etch profile and high selectivity(oxide to photoresist) have been achieved with the optimum mixed gas ratio containing C and F and the temperature control of the etching chamber.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.337-343
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• 2009

Noncatalytic partial oxidation of methane for producing synthesis gas was studied in a lab-scale experimental apparatus. Partial oxidation developed for high-temperature, fuel-rich combustion and it is exothermic process. but Steam reforming and Caron reforming is highly endothermic process to need much energy. Noncatalytic partial oxidation of methane is affected by temperature and equivalent ratio, so we studied effect about composition of synthesis gas at lab scale reactor. We used electronic heater to control the temperature of reactor. The quality of synthesis gas is improved and reduced heat value to require at Noncatalytic partial oxidation because the reacting temperature is lower at oxy condition.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.2431-2442
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• 1994

In this paper the efficient space marching Viscous Shock Layer and Parabolized Navier-Stokes method have been applied to study the complex 3-D hypersonic equilibrium chemically reacting flowfilelds over sphere-cone($10^{\circ}$) vehicle at low angles of attack($0^{\circ}~5^{\circ}), Mach 20, and an altitude of 35km. The current bluntbody/afterbody space marching numerical method predicts the complex flowfields accurately and efficiently even on a small computer. The shock thickness from equilibrium air model is thinner than that from the perfect gas model. The windside wall heat-transfer rate, pressure and skin friction force were increased significantly when compared with those of leeside. The CA, CN, CM were increased almost linearly with the angle of attack in this region. The wall pressure, heat transfer, skin friction and axial force coeffient from equilibrium model were much higher than those from perfect gas model. The center of pressure moved forward with the increase of angle of attack.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제40권12호
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• pp.793-799
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• 2016

폐열을 열원으로 사용하는 저온형 개질기는 하이브리드 연료전지 시스템의 효율향상을 위해 사용되고 있다. 저온형 개질기의 경우 저온의 열적상태에서 높은 열전달 효율을 내는 것이 중요하며, 이를 위한 형상 최적화의 과정이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 제한된 열공급 상황에서 개질기의 형상인자 변화에 따른 온도 및 반응특성을 전산해석을 통하여 알아보고자 하였다. 해석결과 저온형 개질기의 반응이 활발히 일어나는 영역은 온도가 높은 후단에 제한되는 현상을 보여 고온형 개질기와의 차이를 나타내었다. 또한 개질기의 기체공간속도(Gas hourly space velocity, GHSV)를 감소시키거나 열전달 면적을 증대시킴으로써 효율을 향상 시킬 수 있음을 확인하였고 종횡비에 따른 해석을 실시한 결과 저온형 개질기의 경우 길이방향보다는 반경방향의 열전달을 증대시키는 방법이 효과적임을 확인하였다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.451-461
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• 2022

CFD analysis including optimization process was conducted to design shell and tube CO₂ methanation reactor cooling system. The high-pressure saturated water flowed into the cooling system and was evaporated by heat flux from reacting tubes. The optimization process decided the gap between tubes and reactor diameter to satisfy objective functions related to temperature. The results showed that the gap and diameter reduced about 30% and 3.6% respectively. Averaged surface temperature satisfied the target value and the min-max deviation was minimized.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.1096-1102
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• 1993

Titanium nitride was synthesized by reacting Ti powder with nitrogen gas using SHS method. In this process, the effects of nitrogen pressure, dilution with TiN, or additiion of titanium hydride(TiH1.924) on the conversion of Ti to TiN were investigated. In particular, much effects were given to solve the problem of the conversion drop due to partial melting and subsequent sintering of Ti parciels, by controlling combustion temperature and combustion wave velocity via mixing Ti powder with TiN or/and TiH1.924. For the diluted titanium powders with TiN, the conversion close to 100% was resulted when the nitrogen pressure was over 8atm and with diluent content of 60wt%, and the self-propagating reaction was not sustained when the diluent content was higher than 60wt%. For samples mixed to be 55wt% in Ti component in the mixture of Ti, TiH1.924, and 45% TiN, the conversion was closed to 100% when the amount of titanium hydride added was over 7wt% and the nitrogen pressure was higher than 5atm. The combustion reaction, however, was not sustained when titanium hydride added was more than 10wt%.

• 에너지공학
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.176-182
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• 1996

소형의 고온 고압 반응장치에서의 석탄액화시 흑액, 리그닌, NaOH, 물, 나무 등을 첨가제로 사용하여 375$^{\circ}C$ 근처에서의 액체생성물의 수율과 비점분포를 분석하였다. 흑액을 석탄액화 과정 중에 첨가하게 되면 석탄액화율이 38.6% 정도 증가하나, 액화율 상승효과의 대부분은 NaOH 때문인 것으로 판단되며, 흑액 중에 포함된 황화합물은 액화과정에서 수소와 결합함으로서 휘발성의 자극성 악취를 발생시키기 때문에 불리한 요인이 될 수 있다. 액화공정에 물이 존재하면 액화 수율에는 변화가 없었으나 액화생성물 중에는 저비점 성분이 증가되며, 가스 중에는 CO가 줄고, $CO_2$성분이 증가되었다. 나무를 석탄액화시 첨가하면 생성물 중 가스의 비율이 증가하고 액체생성물도 다소 증가하게 되는데, 석탄전환율로 보면 나무의 첨가효과는 거의 무시할 수 있는 값이며, 액체 생성물 수율만으로 보면 375$^{\circ}C$에서는 3%, 40$0^{\circ}C$에서는 약 8%정토의 액체생성물의 수율 증가를 보여주었으며, 4$25^{\circ}C$에서는 가스생성물의 증가로 액체생성물의 오히려 감소하였다.