• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.782-789
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• 2020

국내에서 제작되는 철도차량의 해외 시장 개척을 위하여 다양한 기후환경에서도 최고의 성능을 유지하기 위한 철도차량의 기술개발이 시급하다. 본 연구에서는 혹독한 기후환경시험 모사 시스템 구축에 필수적으로 적용되어야 할 국제·국내 규격을 조사 및 비교 분석하였으며, 국내 규격의 향상 방안을 고찰하였다. 기후환경시험 풍동내에서 풍속 및 온도 규정은 UIC, EN 및 IEC 규격에 규정되어 있으며, EN 50125-1에서 가장 큰 풍속인 180km/h까지 시험하도록 되어있다. 극저온 시험은 UIC 및 EN 규격에서 가장 낮은 온도 -45℃를 제시하고 있으며, IEC 62498-1에서 55℃까지의 고온시험을 규정하고 있다. 태양광 복사 시험은 UIC, EN, IEC 규격에서 최대 1200W/m2 복사 강도까지 규정되어 있다. 강우시험은 IEC, EN 및 KS R 9145 규격에서 규정하고 있으며 살수량, 살수 압력 및 살수방법 등에서 차이점이 있다. 강설시험의 경우는 국내외적으로 상세히 규정되어 있지 않다. 여압 시험은 KRTS-VE-Part31 국내 기준에서 규정되어 있다. 고속 철도차량 기밀시험은 UIC 660 및 779-11에서 객실내 압력 변화율 규정이 있으며 차량 기밀도가 규정되어 있다. 국내 규격에서는 풍속에 대한 규정은 매우 미비하며, 태양광 복사 시험 및 강설 시험 규격은 존재하지 않는다. 철저한 기후환경 시험을 위하여 국내 철도 완성차 관련 기술기준 및 시험 규격을 국제수준으로 향상시킬 필요가 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.221-248
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• 2003

The design of high-rise building is often influenced by wind-induced motions such as accelerations and lateral deflections. Consequently, the building's structural stiffness and dynamic (vibration periods and damping) properties become important parameters in the determination of such motions. The approximate methods and empirical expressions used to quantify these parameters at the design phase tend to yield values significantly different from each other. In view of this, there is a need to examine how actual buildings in the field respond to dynamic wind loading in order to ascertain a more realistic model for the dynamic behavior of buildings. This paper describes the findings from full-scale measurements of the wind-induced response of typical high-rise buildings in Singapore, and recommends an empirical forecast model for periods of vibration of typical buildings in Singapore, an appropriate computer model for determining the periods of vibration, and appropriate expressions which relate the wind speed to accelerations in buildings based on wind tunnel force balance model test and field results.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.385-390
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• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 풍동시험을 통해 회전발사체에서 발생하는 동적 마그너스 효과를 실험적으로 측정하는데 있었으며, 이를 위해 약 12,000 rpm으로 회전하는 155-mm 회전발사체 실험모형에 작용하는 마그너스 특성의 측정을 위한 고속풍동실험을 국방과학연구소 삼중음속풍동에서 수행하였다. 실험시의 마하수는 0.7~2.0까지였으며 이때의 받음각 구간은 -4~+10 deg이었다. 풍동실험 측정기법의 유효성 평가를 위해 동일형상 모형에 대해 기 수행하였던 마그너스 측정결과와의 비교검토를 수행하였으며, 기존 연구결과들과 잘 부합됨을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.1712-1718
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• 2014

Experimental analysis according to the plasma actuator design variables was performed in order to verify the effects of sliding discharge plasma on aerodynamic drag reduction of a high-speed train. For the study, sliding discharge plasma actuator and high-frequency, high-voltage power supply were developed and experimented to figure out the best design variables for highest ionic wind velocity which could reduce the drag force. And then, 5% reduced-scale model of a high-speed train was built for wind tunnel test to verify it. From the results, it was confirmed that sliding discharge plasma had contribution to reduce the drag force and it had the potential to be applied to real-scale trains.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.889-901
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• 2021

The tension of cables and motion response significantly affect safety of an immersed tunnel element in the immersion process. To investigate those, a hydrodynamic scale-model test was carried out and the model experiments was conducted under wind, current and wave loads simultaneously. The immersion standby (the process that the position of the immersed tunnel element should be located before the immersion process) and immersion process conditions have been conducted and illustrated. At the immersion standby conditions, the maximum force of the cables and motion is much larger at the side of incoming wind, wave and current, the maximum force of Element-6 (6 cables directly tie on the element) is larger than for Pontoon-8 (8 cables tie on pontoon of the element), and the flexible connection can reduce the maximum force of the mooring cables and motion of element (i.e. sway is expecting to decrease approximate 40%). The maximum force of the mooring cables increases with the increase of current speed, wave height, and water depth. The motion of immersed tunnel element increases with increase of wave height and water depth, and the current speed had little effect on it. At the immersion process condition, the maximum force of the cables decrease with the increase of immersion depth, and dramatically increase with the increase of wave height (i.e. the tension of cable F4 of pontoons at wave height of 1.5 m (83.3t) is approximately four times that at wave height of 0.8 m). The current speed has no much effect on the maximum force of the cables. The weight has little effect on the maximum force of the mooring cables, and the maximum force of hoisting cables increase with the increase of weight. The maximum value of six-freedom motion amplitude of the immersed tunnel element decreases with the increase of immersion depth, increase with the increase of current speed and wave height (i.e. the roll motion at wave height of 1.5 m is two times that at wave height of 0.8 m). The weight has little effect on the maximum motion amplitude of the immersed tunnel element. The results are significant for the immersion safety of element in engineering practical construction process.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.285-295
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• 2016

A contact strip shape of a high speed train pantograph system was optimized with CFD to increase the aerodynamic performance and stability of contact force, and the results were validated by a wind tunnel test. For design of the optimal contact strip shape, a Kriging model and genetic algorithm were used to ensure the global search of the optimal point and reduce the computational cost. To enhance the performance and robustness of the contact strip for high speed pantograph, the drag coefficient and the fluctuation of the lift coefficient along the angle of attack were selected as design objectives. Aerodynamic forces were measured by a load cell and HWA (Hot Wire Anemometer) was used to measure the Strouhal number of wake flow. PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) was adopted to visualize the flow fields. The optimized contact strip shape was shown a lower drag with smaller fluctuation of vertical lift force than the general shaped contact strip. And the acoustic noise source strength of the optimized contact strip was also reduced. Finally, the reduction amount of drag and noise was assessed when the optimized contact strip was applied to three dimensional pantograph system.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.119-158
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• 2015

The characteristics of the coherence functions of X axial, Y axial, and RZ axial (i.e., body axis) wind forces on the Shanghai World Trade Centre - a 492 m super-tall building with section varying along height are studied via a synchronous multi-pressure measurement of the rigid model in wind tunnel simulating of the turbulent, and the corresponding mathematical expressions are proposed there from. The investigations show that the mathematical expressions of coherence functions in across-wind and torsional-wind directions can be constructed by superimposition of a modified exponential decay function and a peak function caused by turbulent flow and vortex shedding respectively, while that in along-wind direction need only be constructed by the former, similar to that of wind speed. Moreover, an inductive analysis method is proposed to summarize the fitted parameters of the wind force coherence functions of every two measurement levels of altitudes. The comparisons of the first three order generalized force spectra show that the proposed mathematical expressions accord with the experimental results well. Later, the influences of coherence functions on wind-induced dynamic responses are analyzed in detail based on the proposed mathematical expressions and the frequency-domain method of random vibration theory.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.213-236
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• 2015

For high-speed railways (HSR) in wind prone regions, wind barriers are often installed on bridges to ensure the running safety of trains. This paper analyzes the effect of wind barriers on the running safety of a high-speed train to cross winds when it passes on a bridge. Two simply-supported (S-S) PC bridges in China, one with 32 m box beams and the other with 16 m trough beams, are selected to perform the dynamic analyses. The bridges are modeled by 3-D finite elements and each vehicle in a train by a multi-rigid-body system connected with suspension springs and dashpots. The wind excitations on the train vehicles and the bridges are numerically simulated, using the static tri-component coefficients obtained from a wind tunnel test, taking into account the effects of wind barriers, train speed and the spatial correlation with wind forces on the deck. The whole histories of a train passing over the two bridges under strong cross winds are simulated and compared, considering variations of wind velocities, train speeds and without or with wind barriers. The threshold curves of wind velocity for train running safety on the two bridges are compared, from which the windbreak effect of the wind barrier are evaluated, based on which a beam structure with better performance is recommended.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.431-437
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• 2013

Measured acoustic signal from operating high speed train contains frequency change called doppler shift due to its motion. To avoid this doppler shift wind tunnel test is required. But scaledown of model can cause change of source characteristics. And measurements using some part of train cannot reproduce real flow condition. The best way to recognize real noise source characteristics is measurement from operating high speed train but doppler shift makes it hard. So, we developed simple dedopplerization technique for one microphone and applied to field test data of high speed train. Through this, we could capture real frequency of noise from operating high speed train.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.185-197
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• 2022

This study aimed to analyze the wind-induced mechanical energy (WME) of a proposed super high-rise and long-span transmission tower-line system (SHLTTS), which, in 2021, is the tallest tower-line system with the longest span. Anew index - the WME, accounting for the wind-induced vibration behavior of the whole system rather than the local part, was first proposed. The occurrence of the maximum WME for a transmission tower, with or without conductors, under synoptic winds, was analyzed, and the corresponding formulae were derived based on stochastic vibration theory. Some calculation data, such as the drag coefficient, dynamic parameters, windshielding areas, mass, calculation point coordinates, mode shape and influence function, derived from wind tunnel testing on reducedscale models and finite element software were used in calculating the maximum WME of the transmission tower under three cases. Then, the influence of conductors, wind speed, gradient wind height and wind yaw angle on WME components and the energy transfer relationship between substructures (transmission tower and conductor) were analyzed. The study showed that the presence of conductors increases the WME of transmission towers and changes the proportion of the mean component (MC), background component (BC) and resonant component (RC) for WME; The RC of WME is more susceptible to the wind speed change. Affected by the gradient wind height, the WME components decrease. With the RC decreasing the fastest and the MC decreasing the slowest; The WME reaches the its maximum value at the wind yaw angle of 30°. Due to the influence of three factors, namely: the long span of the conductors, the gradient wind height and the complex geometrical profile, it is important that the tower-line coupling effect, the potential for fatigue damage and the most unfavorable wind yaw angle should be given particular attention in the wind-resistant design of SHLTTSs