• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.349-355
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• 2000

This study was conducted to enhance the storage stability of fermented shrimp with different salt contents using a high hydrostatic pressure. The effects of the magnitude of pressure and treatment time on the microorganisms of the fermented shrimp were investigated. The highest microbial counts with respect to the salt levels were observed at 18% salt, showing $3.4{\times}10^5\;CFU/g$ for general bacteria, $6.4{\times}10^4\;CFU/g$ for halophilic bacteria, $4.2{\times}10^5\;CFU/g$ for yeast and $3.0{\times}10^4\;CFU/g$ for halophilic yeast. The degree of sterilization increased with the magnitude of pressure and treatment time, and the sterilization could be analyzed by the first order reaction kinetics. The sterilization rate constants $(k_p)$ of the halophilic bacteria was lower than that of general bacteria. The $log(k_p)$ increased linearly with pressure and the slope of the regression line of the halophilic bacteria was greater than that of general bacteria, indicating that the sterilization of the halophilic bacteria was more dependent on the pressure. High hydrostatic pressure treatment was an effective non-thermal sterilization method for the salted and fermented shrimp, and the optimum treatment condition was for 10 min at 6,500 atm.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2014

Study on effluent organic matter (EfOM) characteristic and removal efficiency is required, because EfOM is important in regard to the stability of effluents reuse, quality issues of artificial recharge and water conservation of aqueous system. UV technology is widely used in wastewater treatment. Many reports have been conducted on microbial disinfection and micro pollutant reduction with UV treatment. However, the study on EfOM with UV has limited because low/medium pressure UV lamp is not sufficient to affect refractory organics. The high intensity of pulsed UV would mineralize EfOM itself as well as change the characteristics of EfOM. Chlorine demand and DBPs formation is affected on the changed amounts and properties of EfOM. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect on EfOM, chlorine residual, and chlorinated DBPs formation with low pressure and pulsed UV treatment. The removal of organic matter through low pressure UV treatment is insignificant effect. Pulsed UV treatment effectively removes/transforms EfOM. As a result, the chlorine consumption is changed and chlorine DBPs formation is decreased. However, excessive UV treatment caused problems of increasing chlorine consumption and generating unknown by-products.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.76-81
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• 2006

Modem after-treatment technology has been developed variously in order to decrease exhausted emission in diesel engine. However, it seems very difficult to comply with updated stringent emission standards. Specially, it has been many years that exhaust gas from gasoline automobile rather than from diesel is the major object concerned by Korea and other countries, and it is strongly required on the reduction techniques on harmful NOx and PM among those compositions. Thus, this research focused on the electronic control EGR and the target for this research is heavy-duty turbo-diesel engine with EGR technology(High pressure route and low pressure route system).

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.07d
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• pp.2712-2714
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• 2002

Recently, the high blood pressure is appeared the most frequent disease of a man's the whole sickness. But, to treat this disease is uncertain and produces an adverse reaction of a medicine therapy. Also, a patients are burden high price for doctor's treatment. Therefore, we studied effectively and financially to execute the treatment of the high blood pressure using the Chinese Medicine Theorem that recently arousing a great interest of the people. The main theories of this paper are Blood Vessel Theory and Acupuncture. The composed circuits are low-frequency generating circuit, charging-discharging circuit. The former will substitute a needle that use in the acupuncture therapy method and the latter will charge and discharge the bioelectric action potential of a patient in Ear Acupuncture Point. Also, all circuits will be controlled a micro-computer circuit.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.154-172
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• 1999

In order to analyse the prevalence rate of hypertension and the actual conditions of control, we selected five districts out of eleven eups and myuns in Chinan Country. We administered structured questionaries to 309 adults above the age of 40, computerized the data using SPSS - PC+. More than 40.1% of adults over 40 in Chinan County have health disorders ranging from high blood pressure to hypertension including alert high blood pressure at 36.2%, relatively high. Among general characteristics, differences in the rate of hypertension were influenced by age, occupation and places of residence. Over 71 who are engaged in agriculture, who don't have jobs, who reside in Sungsu, Jungchun, Chinan-eup all have higher hypertension rates than other groups. Accordingly, the control of hypertension should be focused on these people. As a result of the control of blood pressure, the survey showed 93.0% of the subjects were checked mainly at hospitals clinics, health centers subhealth centers and community health posts more than once a year, relatively high level of blood pressure management. However, the difference between their blood pressure measurements at ordinary times and the level of blood pressure at the time of research was quite considerable. Only 47.3% of the subjects diagnosed with high blood pressure and 70.3% of the subjects with normal blood pressure recognized their blood pressure accurately 52.7% of the subjects diagnosed with high blood pressure showed errors in understanding their blood pressure at normal times. Because these errors can cause problems in the control of blood pressure, proper management should be executed through a systematic examination. As a result of the high blood pressure control condition, the average period of hypertension was 74.5( ${\pm}92.8$) months, 92.3% of the subjects were diagnosed with high blood pressure at hospitals clinics, health centers subhealth centers community health posts, but only 29.5% were examined after a general check up on high blood pressure was completed. 70.5% were diagnosed with high blood pressure only after measuring their blood pressure. 14.1% of the subjects were hospitalized because of falls influenced by high blood pressure. 33.3% attended hospitals and health centers regularily for medical treatment and this shows how low the rate of the control of blood pressure. Most people did not undergo medical treatment, because they had no painful symptoms (46.7%), they didn't need to take the medicine(28.9%), or they forget to take the medicine(20.0%). These problems in the control of hypertension were discovered in the process of diagnosing high blood pressure at health medical institutions. Many people did not recognize the need for consistent control of blood pressure. That is, although the diagnosis for high blood pressures performed at hospitals clinics, health centers subhealth centers and community health posts, was 92.3%, more than 70.5% of the subjects were not examined completely with regard to blood pressure. Accordingly, heath medical institutions must diagnose high blood pressure not only by only measuring blood pressure but also by using systematic process of examination. As for the people diagnosed with high blood pressure, one should perform consistent medical approaches and help them to recognize the importance of the continuous control of blood pressure through subject-oriented education. Problems the subjects experienced were the following numbness in the limbs easily paralyzed stitches in their shoulders which felt painful, stiff necks, occiputs felt heavy, headaches when they got up in the morning, felt dizzy when standing and moving their heads and poor eyesight. The rate of knowledge related to high blood pressure was 78.7 points, comparatively low. Whether they had normal blood pressure or hypertension made no difference. These results are not desirable. Adult-oriented education forgot the prevention and management of high blood pressure should be implemented. Hypertensive-oriented education should be especially reinforced. Because there was a difference in the level of knowledge according to age, academic career, occupation or place of residence, education related to hypertension should be intensified and focused on those over the age of 71 those who did not attend school, those who do not have jobs and are engaged in agriculture and residents living in Bugui, Jungchun regions. The degree of healthy life practice in hypertensives is poor, particularly weight control, as opposed to people who have normal blood pressure. It makes no difference in smoking, the amount of daily smoking, drinking, the control of salt because each result means that they are not practicing healthy life or modifying their life-style. The development and programs to improve a healthy life should be executed.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2014

This study was designed to evaluate antioxidant activity of Curcuma longa L. leaves treated by ultra high pressure extraction. Curcuma longa L. leaves was subjected to 5,000 bar for 5 and 15 min at $25^{\circ}C$ The highest phenolics and flavonoids content was observed in the treatment of high pressure extraction for 15 min ($308.28{\mu}g/mg$, $124.33{\mu}g/mg$). The DPPH scavenging activity was 82.34% at $1.0mg/m{\ell}$ of Curcuma longa L. leaves treated by ultra high pressure process for 15 min. The highest SOD-like acitivity of Curcuma longa L. leaves ($1.0mg/m{\ell}$) was observed at ultra high pressure extraction for 15 min (67.54%). The high pressure extraction significantly increased the contents of phenolics and flavonoids and also enhanced the antioxidant activity. These results provide useful information for enhancing biological properties of Curcuma longa L. leaves.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.1-9
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• 1998

The effects of oxygen plasma treatments at different discharge power, reaction pressure, treatment time on yellowing of polyester fabrics were studied. Surface characteristics of the treated fabrics were also investigated by means of SEM and ESCA. The results were as follows : The yellowing of fabrics increases as the power and the treatment time are increased, and decreases as the pressure is increased. The plasma treatment of 100 Watt, 200 mTorr, 5 min. is the optimal condition which is most effective in holding whiteness as well as high weight loss of fabrics.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.155-170
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• 1998

1. The flux for hydrophilic CA membrane is higher than that for hydrophobic PES membrane at any operating conditions. The difference in bpth fluxes becomes greater as the water recovery is lower. 2. Backwash pressure should be more than twice as high as filtration pressure in order to maintain the higher flux. Backwash frequency is independent of the flux when the UF is operated under the same water recovery. 3. The relatively lower crossflow velocity of around 0.1 m/s would be appropriate because of the lower energy consumption per treated water. 4. The membrane fouling occurring at high turbidity and high concentration of organic compounds in raw water can reduce the flux and increase the removal of the organic compounds. 5. It is confirmed by the pilot plant testing that the UF by using the CA membrane module was well applicable to the drinking water treatment.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.142-147
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• 2014

Objective: This study aims to investigate high energy and low energy extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) and which one is more effective for shoulder pain. Design: Single blind randomized controlled trial. Methods: Fifty two subjects with upper trapezius (UT) trigger point (TrP) participated in this study. They were allocated to high energy (n=26) and low energy group (n=26). This study applies ESWT and investigates the changes of pressure pain threshold (PPT) and visual analogue scale (VAS). The high and low energy groups received focused piezo electric type ESWT 4 Hz, 1,000 pulses and 0.351 and $0.092mJ/mm^2$ respectively. Outcome measures of PPT and pain was measured by algometer and pain VAS. These measurements were performed before and after treatment. Results: The PPT value was significantly increased in both groups after treatment (p<0.05) and VAS scores were significantly decreased after treatment in both groups (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences between groups. Conclusions: ESWT is an effective treatment for the application of the UT TrP. Although there were significant effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on PPT and VAS scores, there were no signficant differences between high and low energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.103-121
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• 2003

The application of powerful ultrasound to rubber recycling is a very recent field of study. An ultrasonic field creates high frequency extension-contraction stresses by acoustic cavitation. The breakdown of rubber network occurs primarily around pulsating cavities due to the highest level of strain produced by high-power ultrasound. Stronger reductions of cross-link density were observed at a higher pressure, indicating an important role of pressure during ultrasonic recycling. Visible bubbles were observed during ultrasonic treatment as a proof of acoustic cavitation. Shearing effect has a significant influence on improving the efficiency of ultrasonic treatment. After the ultrasonic treatment, the cross-link densities of NR/SBR blends were lower than those of NR and SBR due to the reduced degree of unsaturation and chemical reactions. Carbon black fillers increase the probability of bond scission during ultrasonic treatment, due to the restricted mobility. The mechanical properties of ground tire rubber (GRT)/HDPE blends were improved by ultrasonic treatment and dynamic revulcanization. Ultrasonic treatment of GRT in the presence of HDPE matrix was found to give better mechanical properties due to the chemical reactions between rubber and plastic phases.