• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

This paper reviews the recent developments in fire engineering and the design approaches which are being used in the UK, compared with traditional prescriptive solutions. The research background which has underpinned this is briefly summarised, and the benefits of these more advanced methods are discussed. The focus is on structural fire engineering, but some consideration of modelling fires is also included. Some of the more commonly used design tools are discussed, together with the relative benefits they offer. The use of these more advanced approaches is then outlined in the context of which building types might be most suitable, and a number of case studies are included to illustrate this. Likely future developments are also discussed.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.304-310
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• 2006

A typical honeycomb sandwich panel consists of two thin, high-strength facings bonded to a thick, light-weight core. Each component by itself is relatively weak and flexible, but when it combined in a sandwich panel they produce a structure that is stiff, strong, and lightweight. To prove the suitability the honeycomb sandwich structure with prepreg, the mechanical properties of the skin materials and honeycomb sandwich structure were evaluated with the static strength tests. Accordingly, the honeycomb sandwich structure made by autoclave process is available for a panel on LCD/PDP assembly line.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.247-255
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the maximum core muscle activation angle according to core-strengthening exercises. Method: Twenty-six young female football players (age: $17.84{\pm}0.80years$, height: $163.08{\pm}5.25cm$, weight: $54.96{\pm}7.41kg$) registered in the Korea Football Association from D High School located in Seoul were the subjects of this research. An electromyogram (Noraxon, USA) was used for monitoring the maximum core muscle contraction activity. Results: The angle for the maximum core muscle strength per core exercise and muscle was the smallest for the upper rectus abdominis in the windshield wiper exercise. The angle of the vastus medialis was significantly the largest. The range of angles at which the maximum strength was observed for each core exercise were as follows: 1) abdominal flutter kicks ($11{\sim}40^{\circ}$), 2) leg raises ($21{\sim}34^{\circ}$), 3) scissors ($45{\sim}66^{\circ}$), 4) knee to elbow sit-ups ($42{\sim}64^{\circ}$), 5) reverse crunches ($9{\sim}40^{\circ}$), 6) butt-ups ($24{\sim}32^{\circ}$), 7) V sit-ups ($5{\sim}24^{\circ}$), 8) windshield wipers ($11{\sim}20^{\circ}$), 9) bird dog ($11{\sim}18^{\circ}$), and 10) raised leg plank ($38{\sim}50^{\circ}$). Conclusion: Four kinds of motion could be classified according to the range of angles at which the core muscles were maximally activated. The first group involves the range of motion that gives the maximum muscle strength when the lower extremity and ground angle was between $5^{\circ}$ and $24^{\circ}$, such as the V sit-ups, windshield wipers, and bird dog. The second group comprised the flutter kicks and reverse crunches at an angle between $9^{\circ}$ and $40^{\circ}$. The third group comprised the leg raise and butt-up exercises at an angle between $21^{\circ}$ and $34^{\circ}$. The fourth group included the scissors, knee to elbow sit-ups, and raised leg plank at an angle between $38^{\circ}$ and $66^{\circ}$. These results may be useful as basic data for core movement and core muscle training according to the purpose of exercise.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.388-394
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• 2005

A typical honeycomb sandwich panel consists of two thin, high-strength facings bonded to a thick, light-weight core. Each component by itself is relatively weak and flexible, but when it combind in a sandwich panel they produce a structure that is stiff, strong, and lightweight. In addition to use in honeycomb sandwich panels, honeycomb is used for energy absorption, radio frequency shielding, light diffusion, and to direct air flow.Accordingly, the usage of honeycomb sandwich structure is very widely applied to the aircraft, the automobile, and marine industry, etc., because of these advantages. Generally, this honeycomb sandwich structure is manufactured by autoclave process.In this study, the honeycomb sandwich structure was produced by prepreg. To prove the suitability the honeycomb sandwich structure with prepreg, The optimum design of the skin materials and honeycomb sandwich structure were evaluated with the theory of stress analysis.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.735-741
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• 1989

For the accurate prediction of freezing time, probably the most difficult factor to measure and major error source is the surface heat transfer coefficient. In this work, surface heat transfer coefficient were determined for still air freezing and immersion freezing methods by theory of the transient temperature method and confirmed by using a modification of plank's equation to predict the freezing time of ground lean beef. The results showed the cooling rate of immersion freezing was about 11 times faster than that of still air freezing method. A comparison of surface heat transfer coefficient of copper plate and ground lean beef resulted an difference of 25-30% because the food sample surface is not smooth as copper plate. Also, when h-values measured by ground lean beef were applicated to modified model, the accuracy of its results is very high as difference of about 8%.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.46.1-46.1
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• 2016

The formation process of a current sheet is important for solar flare from a viewpoint of a space weather prediction. We therefore derive the temporal development of the spatial and statistical distribution of electric current density distributed in a flare-producing active region to describe the formation of a current sheet. We derive time sequence distribution of electric current density by applying a nonlinear force-free approximation reconstruction to Active Region 12158 that produces an X1.6-class flare. The time sequence maps of photospheric vector magnetic field used for reconstruction are captured by a Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) onboard Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO) on 10th September, 2014. The spatial distribution of electric current density in NLFFF model well reproduce observed sigmoidal structure at the preflare phase, although a layer of high current density shrinks at the postflare phase. A double power-law profile of electric current density is found in statistical analysis. This may be expected to use an indicator of the occurrence of a solar flare.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.35.2-35.2
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• 2011

We have investigated a coronal jet near the limb on 2010 June 27 by Hinode/X-Ray Telescope (XRT), EUV Imaging Spectrograph (EIS), SDO/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), and STEREO. From EUV (AIA and EIS) and soft X-ray (XRT) images we identify the erupting jet feature in cool and hot temperatures. Using the high temporal and multi wavelength AIA images, we found that the hot jet preceded its associated cool jet and their structures are well consistent with the numerical simulation of the emerging flux-reconnection model. From the spectroscopic analysis, we found that the jet structure changes from blue shift to red one with time, which may indicate the helical structure of the jet. The STEREO observation, which enables us to observe this jet on the disk, shows that there was a dim loop associated with the jet. On the other hand, we found that the structure of its associated active region seen in STEREO is similar to that in AIA observed 5 days before. Based on this fact, we compared the jet morphology on the limb with the magnectic fields extrapolated from a HMI vector magnetogram of this active region observed on the disk. Interestingly, the comparison shows that the open and closed magnetic field configuration correspond to the jet and the dim loop, respectively, as the Shibata's jet model predicted.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.17 no.4 s.77
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• pp.491-498
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• 2005

This study involves the development of a computer program to analyze the local buckling stresses for the flange and the web of I-beams under compression at elevated temperatures, and the optimization algorithm to analyze the optimum width-thickness ratios which does not occur their local buckling prior to yield failure. The high-temperature stress-strain relationships of steel used in this study were based on EC3 (Eurocode3) Part1.2 (2000b). In this study, the local buckling stresses and the optimum width-thichness ratios were analyzed considering the influences of the yield stress, local buckling coefficients and width-thickness ratios of the flange and the web. Design examples show the applicability of the computer program developed in this study.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.47 no.7
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• pp.859-866
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• 2015

The aim of this work is to investigate the transport mechanism of radioactive nuclides through the reverse osmosis (RO) membrane and to estimate its effectiveness for nuclide separation from radioactive liquid waste. An analytical model is developed to simulate the RO separation, and a series of experiments are set up to confirm its estimated separation behavior. The model is based on the extended Nernst-Plank equation, which handles the convective flux, diffusive flux, and electromigration flux under electroneutrality and zero electric current conditions. The distribution coefficient which arises due to ion interactions with the membrane material and the electric potential jump at the membrane interface are included as boundary conditions in solving the equation. A high Peclet approximation is adopted to simplify the calculation, but the effect of concentration polarization is included for a more accurate prediction of separation. Cobalt and cesium are specifically selected for the experiments in order to check the separation mechanism from liquid waste composed of various radioactive nuclides and nonradioactive substances, and the results are compared with the estimated cobalt and cesium rejections of the RO membrane using the model. Experimental and calculated results are shown to be in excellent agreement. The proposed model will be very useful for the prediction of separation behavior of various radioactive nuclides by the RO membrane.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.89.1-89.1
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• 2011

We have investigated a coronal jet near the limb on 2010 June 27 by Hinode/X-Ray Telescope (XRT), EUV Imaging Spectrograph (EIS), Solar Optical Telescope (SOT), SDO/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), and STEREO. From EUV (AIA and EIS) and soft X-ray (XRT) images we identify the erupting jet feature in cool and hot temperatures. It is noted that there was a small loop eruption in Ca II images of the SOT before the jet eruption. Using high temporal and multi wavelength AIA images, we found that the hot jet preceded its associated cool jet. The jet also shows helical-like structures during the rising period. According to the spectroscopic analysis, the jet structure changes from blue shift to red one with time, implying the helical structure of the jet. The STEREO observation, which enables us to observe this jet on the disk, shows that there was a dim loop associated with the jet. Comparing the observations from the AIA and STEREO, the dim loop corresponds to the jet structure which implies the heated loop. Considering that the structure of its associated active region seen in STEREO is similar to that in AIA observed 5 days before, we compared the jet morphology on the limb with the magnetic fields extrapolated from a HMI vector magnetogram observed on the disk. Interestingly, the comparison shows that the open field corresponds to the jet which is seen as the dim loop in STEREO. Our observations (XRT, SDO, SOT, and STEREO) are well consistent with the numerical simulation of the emerging flux reconnection model.